西方世界担忧:中国拥有航母将颠覆世界秩序

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">近年来,西方媒体对中国建造航母的话题“津津乐道”。尽管他们从没找到确凿证据证明中国的确有发展航母的计划,但却喜欢捕风捉影,妄加臆测。日前,国防部外办主任钱利华少将在接受英国《金融时报》专访时,就航母问题发表了简短看法,被立刻解读为其暗示中国即将建造航母。西方各媒体纷纷转引这一消息,掀起新一轮炒作浪潮。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">天津滨海航母主题公园展示的前苏联基辅级航母首舰“基辅”号,</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">80</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">年代以来中国已经购买了数艘国外退役航母。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">热门话题的新炒作</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </SPAN>16</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">日,英国《金融时报》在其头版刊发了对中国国防部外办主任钱利华的专访。专访中,钱将军主要就航母问题发表了看法。他说,任何一个大国的海军都梦想拥有一艘或更多的航母,“问题不在于是否拥有航母,而在于拥有之后会做什么?”钱利华拒绝就中国是否决定建造航母直接发表评论,但他表示,中国建造航母,世界不应感到意外,中国完全有权这样做。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">钱利华说,那些拥有</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">10</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">艘以上航母战斗群的大国海军,与仅有一两艘航母并用于近海防御的国家海军相比,其目的显然不同。“即便有一天,我们拥有了一艘航母,与别国不同的是,我们不会将其用于全球部署或寻求全球影响力。”</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">钱利华的这番话语并未明确说明中国准备建造航母,只是从中国国情出发表达了假想如何使用航母的一些看法。然而,此番言论一经发表,立即引起了全球的关注。《金融时报》本身就以“中国暗示将建造航母”为题发表了钱利华的访谈全文,并在文章中声称,中国海军决定建造首艘航母在国际上早有传闻。今年早些时候,美国国防部曾表示,中国正积极参与航母的研究,并将有能力在</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">2010</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">年前开始建造航母。《简氏防务周刊》上月报道,解放军正培训</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">50</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">名航母飞行学员。种种传闻加上钱利华的罕见发言,使得中国建造航母的动向浮出台面。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">美联社评论称,现在猜测中国是否正在建造航母已经成为那些中国问题观察家们十分热衷的“游戏”。由于缺乏确凿的证据,各种说法都不准确,这些观察家们所能达成的共识仅为</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">:</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">中国不愿明确向国际社会表达其建造航母的意图。然而,中国的经济实力尤其是其强大的造船能力,已被外界普遍认为在技术上完全可以建造航母。当前,在联合国的</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">个常任理事国当中,只有中国没有航母,这给了欲夯实世界大国地位的中国发展航母的直接动力。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">美国《国际先驱论坛报》则声称,尽管中国本土的专家们一直宣称如果中国建造航母,也是为了捍卫中国</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">300</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">多万平方公里的海疆,但从战略上讲,一艘航母可以用来威慑美国可能对台海的军事干涉。同时,一旦在具领海争端的南海海域或对中国至关重要的海上运输通路</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">—-</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">印度洋上发生冲突事件,航母也可为中国海上力量提供空中支援。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">航母是一个国家实力的象征,作为世界第一强权的美国拥有世界上数量最多的航母,相当于“准航母”的两栖攻击舰数量也是世界第一。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">中国有权拥有航母</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">航空母舰不单单是舰机一体、攻防兼备的“海上霸主”,若加上其整个编队,更可以被看成一个威力强大的战争系统,一个既可以游弋于海洋,又能“指天窥地”的立体作战平台,极大地增强了海军在战时的运用能力。在和平时期,一支游弋在大洋上的航母编队也是国家实力和声望的象征,在军事外交、显示存在、控制危机等方面都能发挥强有力的影响作用。因此,世界各主要大国在发展航母上可谓是不遗余力,并在近年掀起了一股新航母的建造热。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN style="mso-spacerun: yes"><FONT face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">正如美联社所说的那样,在联合国常任理事国中,除中国之外,其他</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">个国家都在着力建造新型航母。美国尽管已经拥有了</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">11</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">艘核动力航母,但其依然不满足,还在建造最新一代的</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">CVN-21</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">级航母。法国开始设计并建造一艘</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">PA2</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">航母,并力争在</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">2014</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">年下水服役。英国则计划建两艘</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">CVF</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">型排水量约为</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">7.2 </FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">万吨的航母,来取代其现役的</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">艘小型航母。俄总统梅德韦杰夫日前在视察“库兹尼佐夫”号航母时,委托国防部长谢尔久科夫制定建造新航母的计划。他说,这是海军力量发展的重要方向,所有海军强国都要发展航母力量。俄海军计划在未来</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">20</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">年里,建造</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">艘航母。</SPAN></FONT></P>