点评克林顿对华政策

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><FONT face="Times New Roman">2001</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">年</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">月,克林顿鞠躬离开白宫,绝尘远去了。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">论及政治人物,中国人喜欢说“盖棺论定”,某种意义上它反映了中国政治中任职终身制的特点。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">但民主国家的政治人物不同,无须盖棺也可论定。特别在其任期届满之际毁誉纷呈、无所逃遁。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">如果从长程的历史眼光来看,克林顿是在全球共产主义退潮后、美国国力一枝独秀鼎盛于世的时代进入白宫的。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">在这种时代执掌唯一超强,政治家最容易受到的诱惑是自认天下无敌,往往手脚痒痒,倾向于耀武扬威。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">幸运的是,上帝此时交到美国人手中的克林顿,并非如此强悍人物。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">克林顿的信条是,“有十分力,你只能用八分”,从而让美国游刃有余,从容应对。他清楚自身的限度。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">基本上,克林顿是一个调解者、一个沟通者、一个妥协家、一个人情味过重的政治家、一个爱好女色的普通人。七情六欲、喜怒偏好均形于色,一览无余。他智力超群、辩才无碍、魅力四溢;但意志薄弱、自制不足,原则性匮乏。他总是希望获得所有各方的欢心,而不愿开罪任何一方。这种个性在遇到强悍阴冷顽强的对手时往往显得决断力不足;但对于理性的竞争对手,却逢山开路、遇水搭桥、八面逢源。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">虽然克林顿时代的政治经济成就有目共睹,然而以克林顿在对华政策上总是显得摇摆不定、犹疑不决,使整个政策缺乏内在的一致性和连贯性,缺乏中心理念和长远规划。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">譬如,在竞选时高调谴责“从巴格达到北京的独裁者”同时在初期宣布对华贸易与人权挂钩并具体规定了最后期限,但在经济利益的巨大压力驱迫下,后来又不得不宣布贸易与人权脱钩,而“北京独裁者”也变成了“在适当时期中国的适当领导人”;此外,在访华时在北京的诱导下说出对台“三不”政策,未能留有余地;在朱镕基访美时未能及时在美中关于</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> WTO </FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">的协议上签字,导致有关各方的政治困境都是失策之举。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">因此,克林顿的对华政策虽不能说完全失败,但总体而言他还没有找到一条有效的、能凝结在历史上的稳定的美国对华政策。</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’">其实北京当局是非常现实主义的,从根本上讲,它唯一听得懂的语言就是实力;但它异常关注的又是其面子。因此美国是有能力影响中国进入世界主流文明的。关键在于,你必须有坚定的意志和决心,并懂得北京行事的方式与心理。</SPAN><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"><o:p><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">有鉴于此,与北京打交道时,美国总统如果兼有里根的坚定理念、尼克松</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">(</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">顾及面子的台下交易</SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">)</SPAN><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun; mso-ascii-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-hansi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">的狡猾以及克林顿的沟通魅力,事情就好办多了。</SPAN>