名家之阴:读张耀杰的《历史背后》

<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>人有了一定的成绩就足够自负,以为地球离开他就不转了,可见得他有多重要──这样的感觉尤其在顺境中强烈。那些胆敢冒犯他的人,同样会受到回敬。为了使自己强大再强大,一个个的“他”,再划出线来,组帮结党,各自归队,党同伐异,其人身安全性似乎随之得到巩固,却不知带来的社会破坏性,也与日俱增,有时失控,便引发旷日持久的危机与动荡。这就超出了最初组建帮党的预期。</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" /><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">可以说,整个</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>20</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">世纪上半叶的闹嚷纷争,社会大乱,百姓流离失所,中华民族付出沉重的生命代价,多半正由帮党之祸导致。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>宵小群氓、政客文痞不必说,即使号称“精英”的文化名流,他们身上流淌的,也并非都是鲜血,他们的血里也有毒、有菌、有病,但其中一些人,因为他们身上的光环一直放光,我们都满不在意,另有些人,出于某些需要,已经被改头换面,本来的光隐退后,人也退到了幕后──这个时期的历史,被改写过多,我们都需花费巨量的精力来打扫收拾,还历史以清明。</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">在这方面做得很杰出的人文学者,前有谢泳,他通过对西南联大和</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>40</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年代中期《观察》杂志这两个个案的研究,复员了一部分史实,解开了大学之为大学、报刊之为报刊的真正内涵究竟在哪里,后有张耀杰──他本是曹禺、鲁迅、胡适研究专家,后来跳出来,研究当时整个的文化界,发掘历史背后的东西,发现</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>20</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">世纪初叶的知识精英、文化精英,虽然有过这样那样的贡献,但他们严格说多不是纯粹意义上的“现代”精英,他们的“公民”意识、法治理念,多比较混乱,甚至与之相悖。而且,精英们的门派、党派观都很强,彼此对立不容,大体上可以分作法日派与英美派。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">国民党内,法日派李石曾、吴稚晖、顾孟余、沈尹默等人与蔡元培、蒋梦麟、石瑛、王世杰等英美派有党争;延及文化界,陈独秀、鲁迅、周作人、郭沫若、田汉、郁达夫、沈尹默、胡风这些人,在日本混了几年,“连一张正式文凭都拿不到”(《历史背后──政学两界的人和事》</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>201</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">页。广西师范大学出版社</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>2006</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>3</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">月。以下未注明出处者均见该书),与英美派之间也有许多隔阂,以鲁迅尤甚。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>鲁迅的一生,是好斗的一生,他的“假想敌”特别多,一旦树立,就会“特别打几棍”。</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>鲁迅说</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">“这两年来,水战火战,日战夜战,敌手都消灭了,实在无聊,所以想再来闹他一下,顺便打几个无聊咬我的家伙”(</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>154</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">~</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>155</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">页)。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>他一度和弟弟周作人不和,跟带着与周作人关系密切的《语丝》同仁钱玄同、刘半农、江绍原、孙伏园们,都成了“贱胎”,受到攻击。</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>鲁迅是尚未掌权的法日派势力之一。他曾极力鼓动女子师范大学学生许广平和她的同学刘和珍等人,与校长杨荫榆“斗”,因为法日派的国民党高层想排斥异党,杨荫榆即使开初留学过日本,但后来又在美国哥伦比亚大学读过教育学,属于英美派。于是许广平等人散发公开信,骂教务长</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">“你真没人格当杨荫榆的走狗还想当我们的教务长么快滚蛋吧”(</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>167</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">页)</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>逼得教务长引咎辞职。对此,在《两地书》中,许广平给鲁迅写信说,他们</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>“对于违反民意的乱臣贼子,仗三寸剑,杀万人头,饮千盏血”。</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>这应该视作一切烧抢者、造反者、革命者们的逻辑。</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>也就是说,他们自己以“正义”自居,把别人派为“非正义”,再以“正义”的名义砍人、杀人,亦不足惜。</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>至于谁赋予他们自居“正义”的权力,通过什么程序、手段赋予了这样的权力,这样的“正义”可不可靠,非正义者是不是该打,假如该打,应该以什么样的方式追究等等,这是许广平的盲区,也是鲁迅的盲区。</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">“杨荫榆担任女师大校长虽然不是众望所归,也算得相对合适的校长人选”(</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>170</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">页),</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>学生有什么权利驱逐政府任命的国立大学校长呢?</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>这在法律程序和制度规则上,确实是“非法的”。</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>鲁迅不仅意识不到错误,反而煽动、支持他们继续斗下去。学生因着背后又有李石曾等高层权贵撑腰,就很是有恃无恐了。这时,鲁迅跳到第一线,积极加入进来,出席会议,撰写呈文,联合知名人士发表宣言,而且写了好几篇文章,要“痛打落水狗”。真是欲加其罪,何患无词!</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">杨荫榆因此成名、留名。后来钱钟书的夫人杨绛先生,在《回忆我的姑母》中借自己母亲的口,评价她的三姑母杨荫榆,说杨“其实是贤妻良母”(《将饮茶》</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>115</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">页。中国社会科学出版社</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>1992</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年)。杨更是一个不幸的人,年轻时被家人说给了一个嘴角流哈拉子的傻男人,抗婚回家后,从此“投身社会,指望有所作为”(同上,</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>115</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">页)。最后是因为日本人侵占苏州,经常奸淫掳掠四邻,杨荫榆懂日语,上门找到他们的军官,义正严词地责备他们,军官不得不命令部下退还财物;</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>1938</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>1</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">月</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>1</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">日,两个日本兵哄她出门,开枪把她打死。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">受鲁迅煽动,以钱玄同、刘半农打头,陈独秀、胡适、蔡元培、周作人等《新青年》同仁加盟,在自己还没有盛名远播,也没有来得及内讧时,为了确立白话文的地位,祛除文言文,早先他们成功策划、“围剿”过当时和严复齐名的、著名的翻译家林纾(琴南)。而他们又都是“由阅读林译小说起步从事文学创作的”(</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>22</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">页)。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>钱钟书也说,他是</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>“读了林译而增加学习外国语文的兴趣的……假如我当时学习英语有什么意识到的动机,其中之一就是有一天能够痛痛快快地读遍哈葛德以及旁人的探险小说”</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>“好译本的作用是消灭自己;它把我们向原作过渡,而我们读了原作,马上掷开了译本”(《林纾的翻译》)。</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">冲锋在前、多次无中生有地中伤林纾的皖籍人士陈独秀,</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>1919</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>3</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">月遭到浙江籍汤尔和、沈尹默、马叙伦等人的排挤,离开北京大学(</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>37</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">页)。同时受到排挤的皖籍人士还有胡适、刘文典、高一涵(</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>78</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">页),浙江籍学人也排挤四川人、反孔学者吴虞等(</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>66</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">页)。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>1933</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年,民权保障同盟会的宋庆龄、鲁迅等人,则极力主张开除胡适,蔡元培消极顺从,随后蔡元培与林语堂一道退出该会(</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>147</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">页)。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">但浙江人内部并不和睦。譬如蔡元培赏识的是胡适、顾颉刚等人,不赏识鲁迅,鲁迅一直耿耿于怀(</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>155</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">页)。他在给朋友的信里表示不满,对于有厚恩于他的蔡元培,多次进行毫无原则的贬低。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">赵陵江披露道:</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>1927</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>10</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">月初,鲁迅从广州抵达上海。离粤前夕,致信翟永坤说:</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">“中山大学的一切职务,我于</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>3</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">月间早已辞去了,在此已闲住了六个月,现在是肚子饿而头昏……我先到上海,无非是想寻一点饭。”</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>然而到沪后,他很快感觉到上海滩的饭碗并不那么好寻,居大不易。做学问么,没有参考书;写小说么,缺乏相关的生活积累;教书么,不感兴趣;回北平么,有这个念头,却顾虑重重。靠辛辛苦苦爬格子、编刊物所得的收入,实属杯水车薪,根本不足以养家糊口。处于失业状态的鲁迅日益焦虑,留下了这样的话:</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>“现在是专要人性命的时候,倘想平平稳稳地吃一口饭,真是困难极了。我想用用功,而终于不能,忙得很,而这忙是于自己没有益处的。”(致江绍原信)</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">“正当鲁迅在上海因失业而弄得心力交瘁之际,‘大救星’从天而降,老上司兼绍兴老乡蔡元培又一次(上次是</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>1912</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年)救助了他”。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">该年</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>12</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">月,经许寿裳牵线帮忙,鲁迅被中央监察院院长、大学院院长蔡元培聘为“大学院特约撰述员”,那是个“挂名闲差”,光拿钱不做事,月薪</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>300</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">大洋。薪水“定期支付</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>49</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">个月之久,未曾拖欠,共计</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>14,700</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">元大洋,折合黄金</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>490</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">两”。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">这是一笔丰厚的、“平平稳稳”的固定收入,它成了初到上海的鲁迅的救命钱,“使他得以在上海滩上安身立命,并为他进而操自由撰稿之业、打‘壕堑战’,奠定了牢靠的经济基础”。</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>1932</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年,“特约撰述员”的待遇被裁,鲁迅的经济状况顿感拮据,无奈之下,竟把与许广平的往还书信拿来出书换钱了。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>“为啖饭计,拟整理弟与景宋通信,付书坊出版以图版税。”(致许寿裳信)</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">但在如此重要关口上,鲁迅没有感念蔡元培。当国民党元老之一的李石曾“向蔡元培在教育学术界的权威地位发起挑战”时,鲁迅更看好的是李石曾一派政治上的势力(</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>158</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">页)。并且,当鲁迅通过许寿裳获知蔡元培已口头表示要聘其为“特约撰述员”的消息后,曾先后在给江绍原、章廷谦的几封信中就“饭碗问题”谈了自己的看法,反复表示对这个饭碗实在不太“感冒”。</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>10</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">月</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>21</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">日,他在致同样将被受聘的江绍原的信中说:许寿裳“有信来,先以奉闻。我想此事与兄相宜,因为与人斗争之事较少,但不知薪水可真拿得到否”。“与兄相宜”四字妙甚,难道“特约撰述员”这一美差于“弟”(鲁迅自己)就不相宜?</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>十天后的信中则说:许寿裳“所谈事迄今无后文,但即有后文,我亦不想去吃,我对于该方面的感觉,只觉得气闷之至不可耐”,口头上已明确表示不想去端“大学院”的饭碗。</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>又七天,他致信章廷谦,说:许寿裳</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>“本云南京将聘绍原(按:此处显然省略了“与我”二字),而迄今无续来消息,岂蔡公此说所以敷衍季弗(许寿裳)者欤,但其实即来聘,亦无聊”。</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>又一月后,也就是蔡元培的聘书送达前的十几天,盼聘书盼得焦躁不安的鲁迅,“实在按捺不住心中的怨气”,在致章廷谦的又一信中,尽情发泄了对蔡元培的不满:</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>“太史之类,不过傀儡,其实是不在话下的,他们的话听了与否,不成问题,我以为该太史在中国无可为。”</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>这里所说“太史”,指的就是蔡元培,旧时称翰林公为“太史”,蔡系清末翰林出身。赵陵江分析认为,鲁迅信中那一个“类”字,境界全出,使得自己对于蔡元培的鄙夷之情,“跃然纸上”。可是后人会百思不得其解:既然盼“大学院”的聘书,如大旱之望云霓,又为什么要屡出豪言,表面上故作清高之状?既然视蔡太史为不屑一顾的“傀儡”、言而无信的“小人”,为什么还一门心思要到“傀儡”门下去充当“食客”,总嫌人家的聘书来得慢?平心而论,不管是讲新道德,还是讲旧道德,对鲁迅当年表现出来的为人处世的心态与做派,都无从有在理在情的说道,足见他不怎么厚道。</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">事实也表明,由于鲁迅和蔡元培曾有“旧怨”,当年他在是否去吃“撰述员”这碗饭的问题上,曾有过一番痛苦的思想角斗。但最终接受了蔡元培安排的这个“无聊”的饭碗,而且一吃便是四年多,直到因“绝无成绩”,被裁撤为止。要是没有这笔钱,“以鲁迅那样的性格,那样的健康状况,他能否活到</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>56</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">岁,肯定是一个未知数。这样说并非耸人听闻,因为在旧社会的上海滩上,年纪轻轻的文化人,早殁于贫病交加(如蒋光慈、朱湘等便是如此)并非什么了不起的新闻”。</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>1932</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>3</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">月</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>2</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">日,鲁迅还致信许寿裳,代弟弟周作人谋留商务印书馆编辑职位,蔡元培多方努力,保住了他的饭碗。然而正是这个周作人,出于和鲁迅同样的理由,</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>1926</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>2</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">月</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>9</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">日就写过清算蔡元培的文章《外行的按语》(</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>158</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">页),</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>7</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">月</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>19</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">日又发表《我们的闲话(二六)》,挑战蔡元培(</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>160</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">页)。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><FONT face=Calibri>1929</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>7</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">月</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>20</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">日,周作人在私人信件中,甚至反对蔡元培回北大任职(</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>161</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">~</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>162</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">页)。始终君子如一的蔡元培则热心如初。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>可见得鲁迅兄弟对于英美派人士的嫉恨,是多么根深蒂固、没有底线,几乎成为了一种本能。</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">可怕的更在于,恰如张耀杰先生总结的那样:鲁迅“致死不妥协的精神”,所针对的最为直接的对象,并不是日本人和国民党政府,而恰恰是被称作“四条汉子”的田汉、周扬等人;对鲁迅构成最为直接也最为致命的精神伤害的,不是来自日本侵略者和“以汉奸的姿态出现在我们左右的”赵太爷、钱太爷、假洋鬼子们,而是自称“同志”却偏要与鲁迅内斗内耗的田汉、周扬们。文革中清算“四条汉子”的,同样不是外来的帝国主义、本土阶级敌人,而是被田汉、周扬们引为“同志”的革命小将与老将(</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>217</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">页)。</SPAN></FONT></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin"><FONT size=3>宿命的历史很无情,它一次次被风刀清晰地刻录下来,虽然据说有一种人是铁了心宣布不相信“宿命”的。</FONT></SPAN></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><o:p><FONT face=Calibri size=3>&nbsp;</FONT></o:p></P> <P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN: 0in 0in 10pt" align=left><FONT size=3><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">〔转载自台湾《传记文学》</SPAN><FONT face=Calibri>2008</FONT><SPAN lang=ZH-CN style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年第六期。提供者:(北京市)张耀杰)</SPAN></FONT></P>