斯大林神奇地猝死在她的琴聲下

<div style="width: 480px"></div><br /> <div style="clear: both" class="article_subcontent1" align="left"> <div align="center">&nbsp;<img alt="" src="http://www.ncn.org/sys/file/article/suggest8s7443.jpg" /></div> <p style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt" class="p0" align="center"><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp; </span><em><font color="#000080"><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">年輕時代的尤金娜</span></font><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></em></p> <p style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt" class="p0"><font size="3"><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;斯大林之死結束了俄羅斯民族歷史上最嚴酷最慘烈的時代。</span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;盡管他猝死的真相有許多版本,但謀殺說則是其中流傳得最多最廣&nbsp;的結論。</span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;然而很少有人提起他猝死當時一個更**傳奇更令人深思的情節,它&nbsp;居然與一位同樣傳奇的女鋼琴演奏家尤金娜的命運聯系在一起。</span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;1953<font face="SimSun">年</font><font face="Times New Roman">3</font><font face="SimSun">月</font><font face="Times New Roman">1&nbsp;</font><font face="SimSun">日凌晨,在斯大林送走了通宵陪他的客人後,&nbsp;對當天的值班警衛發了一道奇怪的前所沒有的命令︰&nbsp;</font><font face="Times New Roman">&#8220;</font><font face="SimSun">你們統統去睡覺,我什幺也不需要,我也要睡了。今天我不用你們。</font><font face="Times New Roman">&#8221;</font></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;次日凌晨,在戒備森嚴的布里日尼亞別墅里,當警衛員在沒有接到&nbsp;命令而斗膽地小心翼翼地走進餐廳時,發現他穿著薄薄的睡衣四腳攤&nbsp;開躺倒在地板上,並看到他忽然舉起右手渾身抽搐,嘴里發出<font face="Times New Roman">&#8220;</font><font face="SimSun">茲</font><font face="Times New Roman">&#8230;&nbsp;&#8230;</font><font face="SimSun">茲</font><font face="Times New Roman">&#8230;&#8230;&#8221;</font><font face="SimSun">的聲響。</font></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;1953&nbsp;<font face="SimSun">年</font><font face="Times New Roman">3</font><font face="SimSun">月</font><font face="Times New Roman">6</font><font face="SimSun">日清晨</font><font face="Times New Roman">6</font><font face="SimSun">點,莫斯科向全世界播報這一消息,&nbsp;《真理報》發布了斯大林病故醫學鑒定書︰</font><font face="Times New Roman">&#8220;</font><font face="SimSun">因連續出現心血管供血&nbsp;不足和呼吸困難,斯大林同志于</font><font face="Times New Roman">3</font><font face="SimSun">月</font><font face="Times New Roman">5</font><font face="SimSun">日&nbsp;</font><font face="Times New Roman">21</font><font face="SimSun">點</font><font face="Times New Roman">50</font><font face="SimSun">分逝世。</font><font face="Times New Roman">&#8221;</font></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;據肖斯塔科維奇的回憶錄︰<font face="Times New Roman">&#8220;</font><font face="SimSun">他們說,當領袖和導師被發現已經死&nbsp;在他的別墅的時候,唱機上放著的唱片是她所演奏的莫扎特協奏曲。&nbsp;這是他最後听到的東西</font><font face="Times New Roman">……&#8221;</font></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;解密後的甦聯內務部檔案的物品登記單的記錄證實了這一點︰</span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&#8220;<font face="SimSun">當時的桌子上那台留聲機里播放的唱片不是通宵聚餐時常放的那&nbsp;張,而是尤金娜演奏的莫扎特的第</font><font face="Times New Roman">23</font><font face="SimSun">鋼琴協奏曲。</font><font face="Times New Roman">&#8221;</font></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;這是世界音樂史和錄音史上最奇妙的唱片,它與斯大林始終神秘地&nbsp;聯系在一起,既不可思議又難以解說。這是斯大林臨死前所听的最後&nbsp;的琴聲。</span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;這張奇特的唱片的來源本身就是一個奇特的故事,一個在極端恐怖&nbsp;的年代才能發生的荒誕而又令人顫抖的故事︰</span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;1948<font face="SimSun">年初的一天,斯大林在听到電台直播放的一場音樂會後,&nbsp;親自打電話給電台詢問後得知是莫扎特的第</font><font face="Times New Roman">23</font><font face="SimSun">鋼琴協奏曲,鋼琴演奏尤金娜,指揮亞歷山大豪克,斯大林下令明天一早把唱片送到他住的別墅去。說完便掛斷了電話。</font></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;接听電話者一听是斯大林的命令,驚恐得失魂落魄,因為著名的猶&nbsp;太女鋼琴家尤金娜現場演奏的這首莫扎特《第<font face="Times New &#13;&#10;Roman">23</font><font face="SimSun">鋼琴協奏曲》並沒有錄制過唱片。但沒有人敢拒絕斯大林的要求</font><font face="Times New Roman">&#8212;&#8212;</font><font face="SimSun">只能渾身顫栗地對&nbsp;斯大林說電台有這張唱片。</font></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;可是實際上這張唱片根本不存在,但斯大林的命令是不可抗拒的,&nbsp;那是如同地獄里的死神發來的通知,否則只有用生命作代價。離第二&nbsp;天早上只有十幾個小時,怎幺辦?于是只能在槍口下創造奇跡。</span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p style="text-align: center; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt" class="p0"><font size="3"><img alt="" src="http://www.ncn.org/sys/file/article/suggesttivdvq.jpg" /><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;<em><font color="#000080">當年的尤金娜</font></em></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p> <p style="margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 12pt" class="p0"><font size="3"><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;關于這張唱片的制作真實情景,肖斯塔科維奇曾有詳細的驚心動魄&nbsp;的回憶︰</span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&#8220;<font face="SimSun">斯大林要他們把尤金娜演奏的莫扎特協奏曲的唱片送到他的別墅去。委員會慌了,但是他們必須想個辦法。當晚他們把尤金娜和管弦樂隊叫去錄制了唱片,所有的人都嚇得發抖,當然尤金娜除外。她是個例外,因為她誰都不放在眼里。</font></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;後來尤金娜告訴我,指揮嚇得腦筋都動不了了,人們不得不送他回&nbsp;家,另外又請來一位指揮。第二位指揮戰戰兢兢地把什幺都搞混了,&nbsp;樂隊也給他弄糊涂了。來了第三位指揮總算完成了錄音。我看到這是&nbsp;錄音史上獨一無二的事情<font face="Times New Roman">&#8212;&#8212;</font><font face="SimSun">我是指在一個夜晚換了三個指揮。到了早晨,唱片總算準備好了。他們只制作了一張唱片,把它送去給了斯&nbsp;大林。這是一張創紀錄的唱片,創唯唯諾諾的紀錄。&nbsp;</font><font face="Times New Roman">&#8221;</font></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;在斯大林極權的恐懼之下,許多人已經習慣在一個手提箱里放些隨&nbsp;身之物,回到家里發呆,等著克格勃隨時在某個夜晚將自己帶走,連&nbsp;肖斯塔科維奇本人也時刻等待著不須任何理由的槍決︰<font face="Times New Roman">&#8220;</font><font face="SimSun">我懷著一種有罪的感覺坐著,而事實上我沒有犯任何罪。</font><font face="Times New Roman">&#8221;</font></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;緊接著更令人驚奇的故事發生了︰</span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;不久尤金娜收到一個裝了<font face="Times New Roman">20000</font><font face="SimSun">盧布的封袋。有人告訴她,這是在斯大林的明確指示下送來的。于是她給他回了一封非同尋常的信&nbsp;,足以讓世人膽顫心驚︰</font></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;尤金娜在她的信中寫了這樣的話︰</span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&#8220;<font face="SimSun">謝謝你的幫助,約瑟夫維薩里昂諾維奇(斯大林的名字)。我將&nbsp;日夜為你禱告,求主原諒你在人民和國家面前犯下的大罪。主是仁慈的,他一定會原諒你。我把錢給了我所參加的教會。</font><font face="Times New Roman">&#8221;</font></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&#8220;<font face="SimSun">尤金娜把這封自取滅亡的信寄給了斯大林。他讀了這封信,一句&nbsp;話也沒說。他們預期他至少要皺一下眉毛。當然,逮捕尤金娜的命令&nbsp;已經準備好了,只要他稍微皺一皺眉頭就能叫她消失得無影無蹤。但&nbsp;是斯大林一言不發,默默地把信放在一邊。旁邊人等著的皺眉頭的表&nbsp;情也沒有出現。&nbsp;</font><font face="Times New Roman">&#8221;&#8212;&#8212;</font><font face="SimSun">(肖斯塔科維奇口述回憶錄)。</font></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;另有同時代人阿爾卡季的回憶︰</span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&#8220;<font face="SimSun">斯太林手里拿著這封信,久久沒有聲音,米聶已經準備好了逮捕&nbsp;令,只要他皺一下眉頭,尤金娜就消失了,又等了很久,斯太林對身&nbsp;邊的人說;</font><font face="Times New Roman">&#8220;</font><font face="SimSun">走開吧,我原諒她(</font><font face="Times New Roman">Л дно,&nbsp;простим&nbsp;и&nbsp;мы&nbsp;ее</font><font face="SimSun">)</font><font face="Times New Roman">&#8221;</font><font face="SimSun">。</font></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;在那個恐怖窒息著整個國家的年代,斯大林的個人權威和殘忍血腥&nbsp;超越了俄羅斯歷史上任何一位暴君,不用說身居高位的元帥將領或部&nbsp;長委員,就連自己的親人都毫不留情的他,**什幺對一位竟敢置生死&nbsp;于度外並如此羞辱自己的藝術家刀下留情沒皺眉頭呢?</span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br />&nbsp; </span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">為什幺當死神降臨在他面前的片刻,斯大林最後想听到的恰是這位&nbsp;連死神都與她擦肩而過的尤金娜呢?斯大林之死留下了無數讓人們猜&nbsp;想的謎,但**什幺他在生命的最後時刻竟神奇地倒斃在她的琴下?</span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;<strong>斯大林死了,最後連尸體都被焚燒,而尤金娜演奏的莫扎特《第<font face="Times New Roman">2&nbsp;3</font><font face="SimSun">鋼琴協奏曲》和她的其他作品至今刻錄在無數張唱片之中,而她那封發給死神的信更是永遠流傳人們的心中。</font></strong></span><strong><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><strong>&nbsp;後人曾對此作過無窮的分析,也許是她的獨特個性、她的精湛藝術&nbsp;、她的堅定信仰。</strong></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><strong>&nbsp;東正教領袖阿列克謝二世在俄羅斯東正教復興會議上說;<font face="Times New Roman">&#8220;</font><font face="SimSun">在黑暗&nbsp;的艱苦歲月,瑪麗亞尤金娜以她內心始終不二的真誠,向後人證實了&nbsp;基督偉大的信仰力量。</font><font face="Times New Roman">&#8221;</font></strong></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><strong>&nbsp;年輕時的尤金娜曾在日記里這樣寫道︰<font face="Times New Roman">&#8220;</font><font face="SimSun">我知道只有一種方式接近上帝,那就是藝術。</font><font face="Times New Roman">&#8221;</font></strong></span></strong><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;斯大林時代的藝術家們帶著鐐銬在舞蹈,千姿百態,任由暴君玩弄&nbsp;和折磨,但竟有這樣一位女性無所畏懼地對他直面蔑視和嘲弄,令人&nbsp;由衷地欽嘆,填補了一個時代整體的沈默和精神的缺失。</span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;有一位著名的俄羅斯音樂家李赫特回憶尤金娜時說;<font face="Times New Roman">&#8220;</font><font face="SimSun">她曾在戰時&nbsp;演奏巴赫的作品,《降</font><font face="Times New Roman">b</font><font face="SimSun">小調前奏曲》,彈得又快又猛。涅高茲去後&nbsp;台問她︰</font><font face="Times New &#13;&#10;Roman">&#8216;</font><font face="SimSun">你干嘛彈得那幺凶?</font><font face="Times New&#13;&#10; Roman">&#8217;</font></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;&#8216;<font face="SimSun">我們不是在打仗嗎?</font><font face="Times New Roman">&#8217;</font></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;這就是尤金娜的性格!<font face="Times New Roman">&#8216;</font><font face="SimSun">我們在打仗</font><font face="Times New Roman">!&#8217;&#8221;</font><font face="SimSun">。</font></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;在這場孤軍神奇的打仗中,她神奇地戰勝了死神與斯大林。</span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;而在地獄般慘烈的甦德戰場上,<font face="Times New Roman">20</font><font face="SimSun">世紀的兩大帝國的巨獸在茫茫&nbsp;雪地中相互絞殺撕咬,斯太林最終咬死了那頭魔界巨獸希持勒,卻被&nbsp;這頭猶太母獅當面的蔑視撞擊了一下,並在死神召喚他的最後時刻聆&nbsp;听著她的演奏,猝死在她的琴下。</font></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br />&nbsp; </span><img alt="" src="http://www.ncn.org/sys/file/article/suggest1631uj.jpg" /><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt"><br /></span><span style="font-family: \’Times New Roman\’; font-size: 10.5pt">&nbsp;<font color="#000080"><em>聖彼得堡音樂學院畢業時的合影。中後**尤金娜</em></font></span></font></p></div>