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border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; height: 21px; width: 42px; "></iframe></span></span></h2><div style="padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 10px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: -5px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; float: left; width: 300px; position: relative; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; word-spacing: 1px; background-color: #ffffff; border-image: initial; "><img src="http://media.voanews.com/images/300*330/Chiinese+villagers+ask+for+food.jpg" width="300" height="330" alt="历史学家冯客著作《毛的大饥荒》一书中文版选用此照片做封面" title="历史学家冯客著作《毛的大饥荒》一书中文版选用此照片做封面" border="0" style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><div style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; "><div style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 3px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 11px; line-height: 1.5; color: #666666; ">历史学家冯客著作《毛的大饥荒》一书中文版选用此照片做封面</div></div></div><div style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-size: 1.4em; line-height: 1.5; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; word-spacing: 1px; background-color: #ffffff; "><p style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 15px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 1em; line-height: 1.5; ">中国敢言媒体上近来一再提起1959到1961年前后的大饥荒,三年大饥荒也成为左派和自由派,毛派和批毛派网上论战的主题。目前中国的自由派和批毛派占上风。<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />*大跃退后的大悲歌*<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />1958年,中国有不少口号含有“大”字,例如人民公社的“一大二公”,大炼钢铁,大跃进,然后,就爆发了三年大饥荒。之后,根据一些学者的观点,作为大饥荒诱发的恶果之一,毛泽东发动了文化大革命。<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />西方把那次大跃进称作大跃退。不久前,中国的经济观察报发表长篇报道《跃进悲歌》。腾讯网转载所用的标题是《跃进悲歌:饥荒、人相食、官员贪腐普遍》,还有人转载时把标题改成《困难时期四川巴中非正常死亡:无一名干部饿死》或者《大飢荒時面對貪腐 為何無法反抗》。标题的改动,明显针对毛派和部分群众认为的毛泽东时代干部清廉的观点。<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />香港《开放》杂志的编辑蔡咏梅回忆说,当年四川被迫调粮食支援北京天津,而四川领导人李井泉采取激烈措施:“当时李井泉有个政策就是,突然宣布四川省粮票作废,宣布四川省粮票作废这个政策造成更多人死亡。”<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />成都人蔡咏梅的母亲自己饿肚子为子女省下的粮票也没用了。<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />*敏感作家获奖*<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />中国作家杨显惠写过揭露大饥荒时期被劳改的右派分子惨状的书《夹边沟记事》。今年4月中旬,他获得《南方都市报》和《南都周刊》联合主办的第10届“华语文学传媒大奖”。他的获奖作品是小说《甘南纪事》,但颁奖单位的《授奖辞》提到:“他的《夹边沟记事》、《定西孤儿院纪事》,勇敢、决绝地为历史建档,为苦难树碑。大悲剧的后面是天灾,亦是人祸,这一直白追问,使得多少盲视者、冷漠者、暴虐者的良心彻夜难眠。” <br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />当时,不但是被打到社会底层的一些“政治贱民”很悲惨,就连共产党的“依靠力量”贫下中农也有很多人饿死。蔡咏梅说:“我在乡下当了三年农民,农民们一天到晚讲三年大饥荒的那种惨状。”老乡们说,200多人的生产队,死了有一半。<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />后来,一些村干部要求老贫农给学生们忆苦思甜的时候,老贫农回忆的不是国民党统治时的苦,而是共产党统治下大饥荒的苦。<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />*不容青史尽成灰*<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />有些中国青年正在拯救历史,搜集回忆。北京草场地工作站介绍说,有20多人参加他们的“民间记忆影像计划”,他们分头返回自己的村子,采访和拍摄村里的老人,请他们讲述 “三年饥饿时期”的经历。<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />4月上旬,他们拍摄的六部纪录片在北京尤伦斯当代艺术中心展映。VOA驻北京记者报道他们的话说,他们在采访、制作和播放过程中没有遇到来自官方的阻力,但要想让这些纪录片在官方电视台播映,目前是不可能的。<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />*否认大饥荒者道歉*<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />在互联网上,大饥荒已不再是禁忌话题。多年来,中国左派和自由派,毛派和批毛派为大饥荒问题争论不休。最近的一场微博之战,争论的焦点是死亡人数多少。<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />人民日报甘肃分社社长林治波4月29日否认 1960-1962年饿死几千万人,他说那是有人污蔑。他断言“能够直接证实的饿死者为数极少。”<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />这些话激怒了不少人,他们摆事实,讲历史,引用各种研究数字。学者冉云飞说:“我家饿死五口人,整个村庄饿死三分之二的人,有名有姓,以后公布。现在否认大规模饿死人的人,没有任何一点像样的调查,相反认定者却有调查,不管是来自档案还是田野调查”。<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />后来,人民日报甘肃分社社长林治波做了更正和道歉。<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />但是律师吴法天写道:“近日又有人翻炒饿死三千万的谣言,……孙经先发现,…….六十年代初户籍统计少报2654万人”。学者郭宇宽反驳道,在毛统治下,“党支部建到每个村,到处是民兵,出门要饭都要开证明,居然还能漏报2654万流动人口”?<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />蔡咏梅批判那些否认大饥荒存在的人说:“这些人为了党的利益,为了维护毛的形象,完全不顾事实。”<br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " /><br style="padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " />各方面对于大饥荒死亡数字的估算,从2200万到4500万不等。中国官方的《中国共产党历史》第二卷说:“据正式统计,1960年全国总人口比上年减少1000万。”这本书回避了三年死亡总数。</p></div>