<font face="MS Song, MS Hei, sans-serif" size="2"><span style="line-height: 11px;"><br /></span></font><div id="bodyContent" style="background-color: #ffffff; width: 960px; padding-left: 20px; padding-bottom: 20px; margin: 0px auto; font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; "><div style="width: 720px; float: left; "><div id="artHead" style="position: relative; float: left; height: 390px; width: 700px; margin-bottom: 30px; "><div style="position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 10; width: 700px; height: 390px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; "><img src="http://www.dw.de/image/0,,15985482_401,00.jpg" alt="FILE – In this Sept. 8, 2008 file photo, statues of babies wrapped in plastic sit on display during a religious service held by anti-abortion groups in a cemetery in Mexico City. One week earlier, Mexico\’s Supreme court upheld the capital\’s abortion law, setting a precedent for the rest of the country that could inspire other Latin American cities. Increased contraceptive use has led to fewer abortions worldwide, but deaths from unsafe abortion remain a severe problem, killing 70,000 women a year, a research institute reported Tuesday, Oct. 13, 2009 in a major global survey. (AP Photo/Gregory Bull, File)" style="min-width: 700px; " /></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; bottom: 0px; z-index: 11; max-width: 420px; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 20px 12px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.59375); "><h4>新闻报道</h4><h2>制度痼疾不除，计生暴力难禁</h2></div></div><div style="margin-bottom: 30px; "><p style="font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; font-size: 19px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 25px; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; "><span style="font-size: 10pt; ">陕西妇女冯建梅被强制引产的事件引起轩然大波之后，国家计生委日前宣布，要派出10个督察组赴19省督查和纠正计生官员粗暴执法问题。分析人士指出，体制和文化造成的问题，一时的督察行动无法治本。</span></p><div style="font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #3e3e3e; "><p style="font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; ">周二，中国官方新华社公布了冯建梅强制引产一案的调查和处理结果，当地责任官员被处以行政记过和撤销职务等处分。随后，计生委宣布要赴19省督查，重点包括社会抚养费征收、避孕节育措施的管理等。北京律师张凯此前曾经主动要求愿意为冯建梅一家提供法律支持，也对中国在计划生育方面存在的现实问题非常关注，他指出计生部门粗暴执法的根源有多个方面：</p><p style="font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; ">"比如在美国，人们对堕胎的事情就非常慎重和敏感，因为他们有着基督教的信仰文化背景。而在中国，婴儿（胎儿）的生命权就没有那么受尊重。当然，制度问题也是一个重要背景。比如每个地方都有一个计划生育的指标，这个考核标准对于官员来说可能起着一票否决的作用，如果达不到指标，他们想要继续当这个官就很难。"</p><p style="font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; "></p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: none; width: 700px; clear: both; "><img src="http://www.dw.de/image/0,,15968940_401,00.jpg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 700px; " alt="" /><p style="font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; padding: 4px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #888888; ">他们也有生存的权利</p></div><p style="font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; "></p><p style="font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; "><strong style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; color: #000000; ">计生指标让官员堂而皇之侵犯人权</strong></p><p style="font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; ">据《新民周刊》发表的报道，冯建梅所在村镇由于前两年的计划生育工作"成绩"出现下滑，抽查结果没有达到合格标准，因此被上级"挂了黄牌"。迫于赶紧摘掉黄牌的压力，计生官员就"加强了工作"。</p><p style="font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; ">除了计生工作指标迫使官员为保住乌纱帽乃至凸现"政绩"而不择手段之外，张凯律师还指出，社会抚养费的征收如今已经成为一条产业链，甚至可以说是地方财政"增收"的一条途径。所谓"社会抚养费"其实就是过去的"超生罚款"，根据国务院《社会抚养费征收管理办法》的解释，这是"对不符合法定条件生育子女的公民征收的费用"，目的就是"调节自然资源的利用和保护环境，适当补偿政府的社会事业公共投入"。</p><p style="font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; "><strong style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; color: #000000; ">社会抚养费，究竟养了谁？</strong></p><p style="font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; ">冯建梅的丈夫邓吉元就对《新民周刊》的记者强调，自己就是因为没有在规定时间内交上4万元的社会抚养费，才遭遇了这样的悲剧。根据张凯律师介绍，社会抚养费一般根据当事人的收入水平征收，大概相当于其年收入的数倍，具体数额由当地部门酌情决定。地方计生部门征收的社会抚养费惯例上是上交国库，按规定纳入地方财政管理，但是这笔钱进入地方财政之后究竟用在哪里，始终存在很大的不透明性，也引起了社会争议。有学者甚至发问：社会抚养费究竟抚养了谁？</p><div style="width: 480px; float: left; "><div style="margin-bottom: 30px; "><div style="position: relative; float: left; width: 460px; height: 259px; margin: 0px 0px 30px; "><div style="float: left; position: absolute; width: 460px; height: 259px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: #111111; clear: both; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 10; "><a href="http://www.dw.de/dw/article/0,,16058034,00.html" accesskey="v" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; "><div id="videoContainer_Audio342452_wrapper" style="position: relative; width: 460px; height: 259px; "><object type="application/x-shockwave-flash" data="http://www.dw.de/js/jwplayer/player.swf" width="100%" height="100%" bgcolor="#000000" id="videoContainer_Audio342452" name="videoContainer_Audio342452" tabindex="0"></object></div></a></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; bottom: 0px; z-index: 11; width: 440px; margin: 0px; padding: 7px 10px 10px; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.59375); "><h2>制度痼疾不除，计生暴力难禁（音频）</h2></div></div></div></div><p style="font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; "></p><p style="font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; "><strong style="font-size: 19px; font-weight: normal; color: #000000; ">疏通司法救济的道路才是正解</strong></p><p style="font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; ">对于计生委此次发动的19省督察行动是否能够产生实际效果，张凯律师表示十分怀疑："采用行政纠察是很笨的做法，也是成本很高的模式。最好的方法还是开通司法救济的途径。而目前在中国向通过司法解决计生问题是非常困难的，甚至在法院立案都很难。"</p><p style="font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; ">此次引起激烈争议的冯建梅被强制引产一事，到目前为止也仅仅是通过行政处分的方式对责任官员进行惩罚，还没有追究其刑事责任。包括法律业内人士都深知，要想把计生问题争议带到法庭上去，以司法途径解决，几乎是不可能的。虽然中国有相关的立法来约束计生部门的行为，禁止在工作中侵犯公民人身权和财产权，但是在实际的执行过程中，违法侵权行为仍然是屡见不鲜。</p></div></div></div></div>