学者致信人大:取消对公民生育权的限制

<p style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #ffffff; "><span style="font-size: 10pt; ">多位学者联名致信中国人大,要求学全面修改人口与计划生育法,取消对公民生育权的限制。与此同时欧洲议会投票表决通过了《关于中国强制堕胎丑闻的议案》,正式将中国计中侵犯人权的行为纳入国际谴责范围。</span></p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: left; width: 220px; font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff; "><img alt="Two Chinese children drink breakfast milk at a store in Beijing Friday Aug. 26, 2005. Government statistics show that 117 boys are born in China for every 100 girls. Birth-control policies which limit many couples to only one child result in some female fetuses being aborted by parents who prefer boys. (AP Photo)" src="http://www.dw.de/image/0,,1692697_4,00.jpg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 220px; " /></div><div style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #3e3e3e; background-color: #ffffff; "><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; "><strong style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; color: #000000; ">(德国之声中文网)</strong>陕西冯建梅怀孕7月被强制引产事件,再次引发中国学界对中国计划生育政策的讨论,7月5日,15位中国法学、社会、经济学者等联名签署建议书并以特快专递方式递交中国人大。该修法意见书请求立法者全面修改人口与计划生育法,取消对公民生育权的限制,废止生育审批制度,废止社会抚养费制度。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; ">据悉,该建议书是由北京大学法学院教授湛中乐、北京大学社会学系教授李建新、携程旅行网董事长梁建章等五人联合发起,其后有来自北大、人大、清华等多个高校的学者联署支持。至目前中国人大对此还未作出回应。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; ">#audio&#167;建议书认为,生育权体现了其作为基本人权的内涵和价值,是对公民自主权和家庭权利的尊重和保护。因此要确认生育权作为一项基本人权,废除现行的生育审批制度。建议中国人大适时启动对中国各地人口与计划生育条例的合法性审查,对违反《宪法》、《立法法》等上位法的地方性法规,应做出相应处理,以保障公民的生育权利。</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: none; width: 700px; clear: both; "><img alt="People stand in front of the Great Hall of the People, where the opening session of the annual National People\’s Congress will be held, as they wait for the Chinese flag to be raised on Tiananmen Square, in Beijing, China, early Monday morning, March 5, 2012. (Foto:Andy Wong/AP/dapd)" src="http://www.dw.de/image/0,,15787317_401,00.jpg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 700px; " /><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 4px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #888888; ">学者们期待中国人大能够作出回应</p></div><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; "></p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; ">与此同时,欧洲议会7月5日投票表决通过了《关于中国强制堕胎丑闻的议案》,正式将中国计划生育政策中侵犯人权的行为纳入国际谴责范围。 该决议指出:"中国的一胎化政策,导致非法的针对性别的选择性堕胎的现象普遍,从而造成了男女比例的失调,强烈谴责冯建梅所遭到的强制堕胎,谴责全球范围内的、尤其是中国一胎化政策环境中的强制性堕胎和强制性结扎。"</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; "><strong style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; color: #000000; ">"计划生育政策到了必须调整的时候"</strong></p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; ">前中国人民大学校长纪宝成,作为人大代表的他,多次在人大会议中上指出中国计划生育已经走到"新的十字路口",出现"老龄化、男女比例失调、城乡统筹"等多方面的问题。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; ">7月3日,中国国务院发展研究中心三名研究人员葛延风、喻东和张冰子在《中国经济时报》上撰文,建议全面放二"二胎",并表示"越晚越被动"。评论人士指,官方智囊此举释放中国将调整中国计生政策的信号,也表明实施了30年的计生政策难以为继。</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; ">德国之声联系到葛延风时,他表示不方便接受德国之声的采访,但他强调:"中国面临老龄化及超低生育率,一句话,我们认为计划生育政策需要调整。"</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; "><strong style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; color: #000000; ">"限制公民生育权,肯定是侵犯人权的行为"</strong></p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; ">参与此次联署的中国政法大学法学学者王建勋向德国之声介绍,多位学者一直以来都对中国计生政策提出批评声音,只是在强大的权力面前,这些声音象被随时扑灭的火花一样,他期待这一次多位学者的集体行动,中国官方能够有所回应。</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: left; width: 220px; "><img alt="This photo taken Monday, Dec. 13, 2010 shows surgical instruments after an abortion procedure at a clinic run by Marie Stopes International in Xi\’an in central China\’s Shaanxi province. While comprehensive data are hard to come by, official figures show abortions are increasing, and Chinese media and experts say many if not most of the abortion-seekers are young, single women. (ddp images/AP Photo/Ng Han Guan)" src="http://www.dw.de/image/0,,16029792_402,00.jpg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 220px; " /><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 4px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #888888; ">中国计生政策背景下,很多育龄女性被强制流产和堕胎</p></div><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; "></p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; ">他表示该建议书主要是从法律的角度去论证现行计生政策中,诸如限制公民生育权等的非法性: "限制公民的生育权,肯定是侵犯人权的行为,从法律上讲,不能剥夺或限制公民的生育权。最重要的论证还是权利方面的。哪怕这个政策不造成人口老龄化等问题,没有影响社会经济,也不能侵犯人权,不能以侵犯人权的方式来弥补其它方面的缺陷。"</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; "></p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px; float: right; width: 220px; "><img alt="epa03199885 Undated handout image provided by ChinaAid of blind Chinese legal activist Chen Guangcheng (R) with his family. Chen Guangcheng is under US protection in Beijing following a dramatic escape from house arrest, according to rights group ChinaAid, 28 April 2012. EPA/www.ChinaAid.org BEST QUALITY AVAILABLE +++(c) dpa – Bildfunk+++" src="http://www.dw.de/image/0,,15924308_402,00.jpg" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 220px; " /><p style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 4px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #888888; ">反强制堕胎唯权人士陈光诚</p></div><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; ">他更直指在陕西冯建梅事件中,中国官方的作法属非法行为:"强制引产在法律上是没有依据的,人口和计划生育法上也没有授权计生部门可以利用强制手段阻止公民的生育或使其强制引产。地方政府采取的手段都是非法的。"</p></div>


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