<p><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">第十三章</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">一个公社书记的故事</span></strong></p> <p><strong> </strong> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">为什么要把午田公社单独提出来呢?因为涉及到一个重量级人物——道县县委副书记、</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">原午田公社书记熊礼衡先生。</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> <strong></strong></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">熊礼衡</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 1967</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">年道县发生大屠杀时任午田公社书记,作为公社一级的当权派,他在文革初期,受到了一点小小不然的冲击,但丝毫不影响他作为“革命领导干部”在午田公社的政治舞台上发挥主导作用。笔者在午田采访时,一位基层干部是这样评价“我们熊书记”的:</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“这个人不简单,有能力,有水平,有魄力。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”那么熊礼衡在杀人事件中是怎样发挥他的能力、水平和魄力的呢?采访中我们明显感到,他早已运用他的权力和威望做了很多工作,使得他的身影在杀人事件中变得迷迷离离,难以捉摸。</span> </p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">午田公社在“杀人风”中共杀</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 42 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人(自杀</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 3 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人)</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">。杀人期间,一共开了</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 4</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">次会议,第一、二、三次会议动员部署杀人,第四次会议刹车、制止杀人。动员部署有熊书记的身影,制止杀人也有他的身影。杀人主要集中在两批,第一批</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">8 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">23 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日左右,在清塘区三级干部会影响下,共杀</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 12 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人;第二批</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 8 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 26 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日左右,在公社</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 8</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">·</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">24</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“抓促”会议部署下,共杀</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 28 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人。现已查明,叫得最凶的是午田公社武装部长何孟祥,杀得最多的是午田大队,共杀</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 11 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人,也是何孟祥亲自指使的。第二名是蒋家洞大队,共杀</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 8 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人。在这个大队的杀人事件中,笔者终于看见了熊书记的身影。该大队在公社开过“抓革命促生产”动员会后,下午回队立即召开干部会议,支书朱日生传达公社领导的指示:</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“你们要向幸福洞学习,杀地富要出布告,把他们的罪状贴出来。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”于是研究杀人名单,初步定下了一个杀</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 10 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人的大盘子。晚饭后,又召开生产队以上干部和贫下中农代表会议,与会者</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 30 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">多人,经讨论有人又提出两个对象,最后决定杀</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 12 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">个。</span> </p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt">8 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">6 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日傍晚大队民兵分头行动,将要杀对象控制起来,关到大队部的库房里。其中有一个叫朱景文的地富子弟,民兵抓他去大队时,他死赖着不走,只好当场干掉。当晚,大队民兵营长朱报生在大队部打电话到公社找熊书记请示,由于蒋家岭、麻元里、石坝头等三个大队共一条线,线况不是很好,开始没有打通。大队长朱用生在办公室值班,听得风吹电话线呜呜作响,说:</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“莫非有人破坏电线?”叫朱报生打电话到公社,看线路通不通。结果一打就通了。接电话的人正巧是熊礼衡。朱报生向熊汇报了“双抢”进度和大队其它一些工作情况,最后向熊礼衡请示杀人的问题,说我们已经开了会,决定了要杀的名单,又把拟杀对象的成分、表现等等都做了汇报,并把已杀朱景文的事也向熊书记汇报了。熊礼衡念了两条毛主席语录:</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“领导我们事业的核心力量是中国共产党,指导我们思想的理论基础是马克思列宁主义。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“政策和策略是党的生命,各级领导同志必须充分注意,万万不可粗心大意。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”接着指示:</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“你们决定要杀哪些人我不作主,其他我没有意见。但是杀人的问题要注意政策和策略,要把分子和子弟区别开来。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">放下电话,朱报生、朱用生等人马上召开民兵干部会,共</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 11 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人参加,传达贯彻熊书记指示,经研究决定宽大</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 5 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人(都是子弟)</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">,只杀</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 6 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">,</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">其中</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 5 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">个分子,另有一个地主子弟叫朱牛仁,平时较为调皮捣蛋,不听招呼,决定杀了“给猴子看”</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">。宽大的</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 5 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">个人,当晚教育释放。</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">第二天(</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">8 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 27 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日)召开全大队群众大会,发扬民主,要大家举手表态。要杀的</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 6 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">个人,捆起跪在台上。朱报生主持会议,宣布</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 6 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人罪状,念一个名字,问一句:</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“同不同意杀?同意的举手。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”所有的群众都喊同意,一致举了手。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">走完这个程序后,民兵就把这</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 6 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人牵到后背山上,用鸟铳打死。算上朱景文一共</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 7 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人。最后被杀的是逃跑出去后被从外地抓回来的一名地主子弟。该子弟抓回来以后,公社已经传达了</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">47 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">军进驻部队的指示,不准再乱杀人了。大家讲不杀算了。可是朱报生、朱谷洪等人不同意,说:</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“如果不逃跑,可以不杀。逃跑了抓回来不杀哪还得了?土改时就是这样的,逃跑的地富,抓回来没有不杀的。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”带着几个民兵半夜里偷偷杀掉了。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">午田公社新茶大队,第一次杀人高峰时没有杀人。第二次高峰时也没有杀人。不是这个大队没有四类分子可杀,毛主席早就讲了:</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“凡有人群的地方就有左、中、右。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”一个大队一千多口人没有一个阶级敌人,岂非咄咄怪事?也不是这个大队的四类分子表现得特别好,用该大队一位干部的话说:</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“这表现不就是一句话的事,说你好就好,说你不好就不好。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”那么什么原因使得该大队在文革“杀人风”中,一直不开杀戒呢?原来该大队几名可杀对象背景太复杂,要么家里有人在外面当干部,要么家族势力在当地很强大,说盘根错节也行,说千丝万缕也行,总而言之一句话,杀起来有麻纱,不像其他大队的土地富,杀一个是一个,杀两个是一双,杀了就杀了,连哼都不哼一声。新茶大队的干部群众不想扯那个麻纱。下面鼓潮的不是没有,上面批评的也不是没有,区里、公社里都派人下来督促过:</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“别的大队都杀了,你们这个地方的四类分子就那么好?”话都说到这个份上,新茶大队的几个主要领导还是咬紧牙关,</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“杀”字硬是不肯出口。</span> </p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt">9 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">8</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日,午田公社召开生产队以上干部会议,研究“抓革命促生产”问题。熊礼衡在会上点名批评了新茶大队在对敌斗争这个大是大非问题上,思想保守,认识模糊,心慈手软。熊说:</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“新茶大队朱梅这个人顽固得很,调皮捣蛋搞破坏。他当过国民党的航空生,屋里势力又那么大,留下来不杀,对国家搞建设没什么用处,对你们大队的领导危害很大。你们现在不杀,以后又说难得领导。公社早就批下来了,其他大队都杀了,如果你们大队怕杀得,就派塘下、下汶的贫下中农去支援你们。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”塘下、下汶等几个大队的干部跟着起哄,搞得新茶大队干部觉得很没有面子。熊礼衡笑眯眯地问新茶大队与会干部:</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“你们同不同意杀?”新茶大队的干部齐声回答:</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“同意!</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“要不要塘下、下汶的贫下中农帮你们革命?”</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“不要!我们自己革命!</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">散会以后,回大队的路上,民兵营长唐桂龙对其他四巨头说:</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“熊书记已经开口了,回去以后就不再通知了,吃了午饭,就去学校集合。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”大家说:</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“好。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”唐桂龙吃完饭,就到朱梅家叫他去学校有事。朱梅不知道要杀他,乖乖地跟在唐桂龙后面到了大队小学。一进门就被早已在这里等候的民兵捆了起来,绑到操场的篮球架上。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">唐桂龙指着朱梅,把熊礼衡说的话原原本本地重复了一遍,然后代表大队“贫下中农最高人民法院”宣判朱梅的死刑,立即执行。几个民兵上来,把朱梅用鸟枪打死。上午</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 11 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">点多钟散会,下午</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 3 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">点不到就把熊书记的指示落到了实处。</span> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">最后,支部书记朱纯生带领大家喊了几句口号:</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“中国共产党万岁!</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“毛主席的革命路线胜利万岁!</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“无产阶级文化大革命万岁!</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”</span> </p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">新茶大队在文革大屠杀中仅杀朱梅一人。</span> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">实事求是地说,熊书记在道县大屠杀中的表现绝对不是最恶劣的那一类,这一点从他主事的午田公社仅杀</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 42 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人中可以看出,比其它公社的很多大队杀得都要少。从某种意义上说他确实是一个稳健派,午田公社在杀人事件中,开始杀人比较晚①,四类分子子女杀得较少,灭门的较少,轮奸杀人、谋财害命的较少。笔者并无为熊书记辩解之意,当时比他恶的干部实在太多了,熊礼衡做得已经足够谨慎。笔者既然写了他的故事就有责任说明这一点。另一方面,我们从熊礼衡这样有能力、有水平、讲政策的公社领导干部也卷入了“杀人风”中,能够对这场大屠杀的本质有更深地认识。</span> </p> <p><span style="font-size:14.0pt"> </span></p> <p><em><span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">①</span> <span style=" font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">据处遗工作组专案材料披露,</span>8<span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">·</span>17<span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">清塘杀人动员会后,久佳、清塘两个公社闻风而动,但午田没有动。</span>8<span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span>20<span style=" font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日</span><span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">清塘区召开全区公社书记会议(有群众代表</span>40 <span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">多人列席参加)</span> <span style=" font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">,汇报全区阶级斗争情况,汇报杀人反应。会上,表扬了久佳公社行动快,批评了午田公社思想保守。会议为期</span>3<span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">天,</span>8<span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span>22<span style=" font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日上午</span><span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">,周仁表从营江红联前线指挥部返回,在会上做了重要讲话:</span> <span style=" font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“我昨天到营江向零陵军分区的赵副司令汇报了我们这里四类分子的破坏活动,破获反革命组织人民党和贫下中农杀四类分子的情况,赵副司令对我们的革命行动很满意,他说杀四类分子是文攻武卫,你们做得对!这一下,我的胆子就更大了。</span> <span style=" font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”会后,午田公社上汶大队文革主任朱静道和支书蒋帮贤等人回到大队,马上召开党员、民兵、生产队以上干部会议贯彻落实区会议精神。会上,民兵营长、治保主任等人提出:</span> <span style=" font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“蒋成全、蒋成祥、蒋三乐这</span>3 <span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">个人参加乐反革命组织‘人民党’</span> <span style=" font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">,怎么办?”蒋帮贤说:</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“杀一个最坏的。</span> <span style=" font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”朱静道说:</span> <span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“群众讨论,要杀一起杀了算了。</span> <span style=" font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”最后,群众讨论决定一起杀掉。当晚就杀掉了。这是午田公社的第一起杀人事件。</span> 57 </em></p> <p><em> </em></p>