<p><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">第十八章 </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">老先进遇到了新问题</span></strong></p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">车头公社当年可以说名气大得嚇人,它是中共湖南省委书记处书记华国锋①的点,道县有名的一面红旗。</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">1958 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">年大跃进期间,华国锋在车头总结该社石下渡大队晚稻高产经验时,写出了《胜利属于高举跃进红旗的人们》一文,上报湖南省委和中共中央,车头由此名声大振。</span> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">道县与处界联系的最重要的一条公路——零道公路(冷水滩至道县)</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">,从南而北贯穿车头全境。笔者赴道县采访,细雨斜风中,最先看到的就是这片美丽富饶的土地。</span> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">车头公社的杀人动员大会是</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 8 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 24 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日召开的,当时主持工作的公社副书记贺永德在会上传达区</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 8</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">·</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">23</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">会议精神,并部署公社的杀人行动。</span> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">当天下午,贺永德亲自到司空岩大队“指导工作”</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">。公社党委组织监察委员杨正东、公社主任朱巧生、公社秘书盘继通等人也先后到下面各大队督促杀人。</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">比起梅花来,车头这个老先进这一回似乎落后了一步,实际上在此之前,他们并没有闲着,按时间算,车头杀人比梅花还要早一步,只是没有梅花搞得那么有声势罢了。除了前面提到的</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 8 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">21 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日社湾大队杀了一个老地主吴志承外,</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">22 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日仙田大队又杀了一个老地主黄永读,比梅花杀何文成还要早一天。</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">23 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日,车头大队杀了一个老地主周家骈,跟梅花杀何文成同一天。②</span> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">社湾大队是车头公社杀人最早和杀人最多的大队,共杀</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 15 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人(其中自杀</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 3 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人)</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">。该大队</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 8</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 21 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日杀了吴志承以后,</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">23 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日,一名叫李斌青(</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">59 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">岁)的地主分子,嚇得自杀了。</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">8 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">24</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日,公社开了杀人动员会,社湾大队为响应公社号召,决定再杀</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 4 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人:两个地富子弟,吴光正,</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">20 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">岁,李勤寿,</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">23</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">岁;一对贫农父子,父亲李昌瑞,</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">44 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">岁,儿子李祖文,</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">17 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">岁,道县一中学生。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">道县处遗工作中有四类案子是要重点清查的,</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">一是强奸轮奸杀人</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">(包括杀人夺妻)</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">;</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">二是谋财害命;三是报复杀人;四是杀害贫下中农。经处遗工作组多方查证落实,李昌瑞父子之死定性为报复杀人和杀害贫下中农。李昌瑞</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 1962 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">年农村“四清”运动(清粮食、清资金、清工分、清实物)中,按照四清工作队的安排提了治保主任李荣保和大队支书李以宽等人的意见,害得李荣保等人为“四不清”问题做了检讨和退赔。李荣保因此怀恨在心,趁文革杀人之机伙同李明宽等人,在大队支书李以宽的支持下,将李昌瑞连带他的儿子李祖文一起杀害。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">李祖文本来可以不杀的,</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">但是他带着个红袖章在村里耀武扬威,</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">号称</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“红卫兵小将”,杀他父亲不杀他,肯定要搞报复,只好斩草除根一起杀了算了。</span> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">这种报复杀人现象在道县文革杀人事件中有一定的普遍性,不敢说每个大队都有,但每个公社都不止一两例。仅笔者手头掌握的就有</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 60 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">余例。其中最典型的是清溪区柑子园公社红星大队的报复杀人案:该大队社员唐从蛟(贫农)在</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 64 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">年农村社教运动时,揭发了大队支书唐共求、民兵营长唐福洪、六队生产队唐进学等人贪污集体钱物、多吃多占的问题,</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">1967</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">年文革“杀人风”中,唐共求等人借口唐从蛟之子唐和安参加了“革联”</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">,是反革命,将唐家一家</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 9 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">口杀绝,包括不满周岁的孙子和怀有身孕即将分娩的儿媳妇。</span> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt">8 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">24</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日社湾大队杀了李昌端等</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 4</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人后,第二天又杀了一个</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 60 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">多岁的地主婆盘端英。当天晚上,</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">富农李荣辉的儿子李新庆因害怕被杀,</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">逃跑了。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">感到走投无路的李荣辉在儿子逃跑后,选择了上吊自杀。</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">26 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日,又有一名</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 56 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">岁的富农婆刘鸾英“畏罪自杀”</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">。</span> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">以后,</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">9 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">4</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日杀了一个</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 19 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">岁地富子弟,</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">10 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日杀了</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">4 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">个地富和子女。</span> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></p> <p><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">①</span></em><em> </em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">华国锋(</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt">1921</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">年</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt">2</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt">16</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">—</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt">2008</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">年</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt">8 </span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt">20 </span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日)</span></em><em> </em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">,山西省交城县人,原名苏铸,</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt">1938</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">年投身抗日战争。</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt">1949</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">年以后,在湖南湘潭任县委书记、地委专员等职务。</span></em><em> </em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“文化大革命”期间担任湖南省委第一书记。</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt"> 1976</span></em><em><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">年任国务院代总理、总理。同年</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt">10</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月任中共中央主席,成为中国的最高领导人。</span></em><em> </em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">由于坚持“两个凡是”</span></em><em> </em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">,犯了“极左路线错误”</span></em><em> </em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">,坚持保守政策,不愿意改革,</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt">1980</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">年</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt">9</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月免去国务院总理职务,</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt">12</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月辞去中共中央主席、中央军委主席职务。</span></em><em> </em></p> <p><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">②</span></em><em> </em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">据处遗工作组专案材料披露,杀黄永读和周家骈的情况分别如下:</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt">1967</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">年</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt">8 </span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt">22</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日,车头公社组委杨正东到仙田村召开大队干部会煽动杀人,当天,杀地主分子黄永读(</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt">54</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">岁)</span></em><em> </em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">。</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt">1967 </span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">年</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt"> 8<span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span>22<span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日</span><span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">,车头公社公安特派员胡满承通知车头大队支书周英龙等人到公社,向他们传达了公社副书记贺永德指名要杀四类分子周家骈的意见。</span>8<span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span>23<span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日</span><span style="font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">,车头大队召开大队干部会传达公社意见,当晚杀周家骈(</span>52</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">岁)</span></em><em> </em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">。</span></em><em><span style="font-size:9.0pt"> </span></em></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">逃跑出去的李新庆(</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">22</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">岁)</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">,</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">9</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">11</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">在外公社落网,被杀。</span> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">前面提到过石下渡大队的名头,在此说一说石下渡的杀人情况。这个创造过亩产万斤水稻神话的先进大队,这次文革杀人中倒是没有放“卫星”</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">,一共只杀了</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 5 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">个人。</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">8 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 26</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日,大队支书吴耀生、治保主任吴荣品等人召开大队干部会贯彻公社</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 8</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">·</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">24 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">会议精神,经请示贺永德同意后,杀了一个</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 56 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">岁的地主婆盘金姣。</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">8 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 29 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日,区里何(田)部长等人从营江开会回来,召开了区脱产干部会议;</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">9 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">月</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">2</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">日,公社开会贯彻区脱产干部会议精神,说是以后不准乱杀人了,实在要杀,要整材料报上级批准以后才能杀。石下渡的干部觉得“吃亏了,落后了”</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">,</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“前段时间我们杀得太少了,总共才杀一个,跟别队比连个零头都不够,无论如何还要抓紧时间再杀几个。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”于是开会决定再杀</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 4 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">个。公社说了要整材料报批准我们就整材料报批。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">整材料对这个老先进大队驾轻就熟的事,整好了材料,吴支书亲自送到公社请示贺永德,贺不在公社,又去请示盘秘书。盘继通说:</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“现在杀人没有以前那么容易了,上头来了指示,要经前线指挥部批。我的意见不杀算了。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”石下渡大队的干部听得这个指示,觉得很难办,杀不杀其实没有什么大关系,问题是人已经抓起来了,大队“贫下中农最高人民法院”死刑也宣布了,全大队都晓得了这</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> 4 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">个坏家伙要杀,就这样放回去,以后大队干部的威信还要不要?四类分子还管得到管不到?于是第二次又去请示。盘继通勉勉强强同意了:</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“你们怎么研究的就怎么办吧。杀得时候弄到上莫对面河边上,不要搞到海头庙这边。搞得一滩一滩的血,难看,住在那里的两户人家也有意见。</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">”</span> </p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">当天晚上,石下渡大队将吴德英(</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt">46 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">岁)</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">、吴有瑞(</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">57 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">岁)</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">、吴有球(</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">52 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">岁)</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">、吴永正(</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">38</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">岁)</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt">4 </span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">人牵到富塘公社上莫大队对门的河滩上,</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">“天女散了花”</span> <span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: 宋体;Times New Roman";Times New Roman"">。</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"> </span></p>