<p style="font-weight: bold; font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">从毛泽东的“长治久安”,经邓小平的“杀二十万人,稳定二十年”、江泽民的“稳定压倒一切”、到胡锦涛的“和谐社会”,如何保持“稳定”是独家掌控国家权力的中共建政64年来未能解决的问题。</span></p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: none; width: 700px; clear: both; font-family: Simsun; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;"><a href="http://www.dw.de/%E8%B6%8A%E7%BB%B4%E8%B6%8A%E4%B8%8D%E7%A8%B3/a-17127956#" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;"><img width="700" height="394" border="0" src="http://www.dw.de/image/0,,16643250_303,00.jpg" alt="Paramilitary policemen patrol around Tiananmen Square near the Great Hall of the People prior to the pre-session of the National People\’s Congress (NPC) in Beijing March 4, 2013. Deputies of the 12th NPC elected the presidium on Monday morning and set forth topics for the legislative session which begins on Tuesday. REUTERS/Kim Kyung-Hoon (CHINA – Tags: POLITICS MILITARY)" style="border-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 700px;" /></a></div><div style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #3e3e3e; margin-bottom: 30px; background-color: #ffffff;"><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;">(德国之声中文网)9月30日,德国“全球与地区研究所(GIGA)”《聚焦亚洲》专刊上的一篇长文对此作出分析,结论是,中共治标不治本,是“稳定”问题始终存在的症结所在。该文尤其强调,自上世纪80年代以来,政体中出现的中央与地方的分权现象,在客观上造成上下脱节,措施不一,行动难齐,地方政府落入维稳陷阱,维稳战略难以奏效:</p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;"></p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: left; width: 340px;"><a href="http://www.dw.de/%E8%B6%8A%E7%BB%B4%E8%B6%8A%E4%B8%8D%E7%A8%B3/a-17127956#" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;"><img width="340" height="191" border="0" src="http://www.dw.de/image/0,,16246793_404,00.jpg" alt="Mao Tse-tung bei der Gründung der Volksrepublik China " style="border-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 340px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; color: #888888;">“长治久安”</span></div><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;">“地方政府对稳定政策担责,这是启动实施改革后在行政上实行权力下放的结果,曾被视为中国经济动力的基础。尽管自1990年代以来,采取了恢复中央集权的多种措施,地方政府仍继续拥有广泛的活动空间,按照本地情况落实上面的规定。……地方政府由此夹在了老百姓和上级机关的中间。一旦发生抗议事件,它们必须在并无清晰定义的情况下,迅速做出决断,该抗议事件是否属于‘人民内部矛盾’。由于缺乏充足的财力,同时又被按照‘零抗议’政策的逻辑来衡量政绩,它们便处于窘境。随着1994年税改以来出现的地方财政匮乏是地方政府征用土地的一大原因,而征用土地行为又导致民众抗议。</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px; float: right; width: 340px;"><a href="http://www.dw.de/%E8%B6%8A%E7%BB%B4%E8%B6%8A%E4%B8%8D%E7%A8%B3/a-17127956#" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;"><img width="340" height="191" border="0" src="http://www.dw.de/image/0,,16295647_404,00.jpg" style="border-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 340px;" alt="" /></a><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; color: #888888;">“杀二十万人,稳定二十年”</span></div><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;">而由于还得向警察支付大量经费,地方政府便通过大幅提高使用费、许可费和罚款来改善财政状况。中央财政政策反过来又刺激了腐败的和非法的行为。……另一方面,中央政府……试图通过‘去政治化’和不同的维稳手段控制局面。不过,由于抗议和不满也提供了有关基层所犯错误的信息,从而使地方干部受到某种公开监督,从而使中央政府直接获益。但是,与此同时,它(中央政府)强令地方政府按照‘零抗议’逻辑思维,而这一逻辑只会事与愿违,导致产生‘越维越不稳’的怪圈。</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: left; width: 340px;"><a href="http://www.dw.de/%E8%B6%8A%E7%BB%B4%E8%B6%8A%E4%B8%8D%E7%A8%B3/a-17127956#" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;"><img width="340" height="191" border="0" src="http://www.dw.de/image/0,,16539787_404,00.jpg" alt="epa03469935 Chinese former president Jiang Zemin gestures during the closing ceremony of the 18th CPC (Communist Party Congress) in Beijing, China, 14 November 2012. The CPC is expected to introduce the new leadership lineup and the Standing Committee of the Politburo on 15 November, a day after the closing. EPA/HOW HWEE YOUNG " style="border-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 340px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; color: #888888;">“稳定压倒一切”</span></div><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;"></p><p style="font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;">“维稳政策的这一矛盾现象在很大程度上归因于中国的上下分权政治结构。安全机器的复杂性、中央同地方政府关系上的分歧性都阻碍了中央方针的坚决落实。不过,这一来,也方便了中央将责任推给地方政府,并有助于证明中央政府的合法性。其结果是,一方面,大多数抗议行动虽可以非暴力的方式获得解决或结束,却一再出现施暴现象。表面看,施暴行为违反了北京的指示,但中央政府自己却保留了使用暴力的权利,它既不严令地方政府不得施暴,同时,亦不明确界定不同安全机构所承担的不同任务。它只是在骚乱发生时方设法处理,而不是消除骚乱的根本原因。换言之,国家和党的领导曾试图通过‘被动的稳定保障’而非更彻底的政治改革实现消除利益冲突。而一旦失败,它保留采取1989年的‘中国式解决办法’的可能性。”</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px; float: right; width: 340px;"><a href="http://www.dw.de/%E8%B6%8A%E7%BB%B4%E8%B6%8A%E4%B8%8D%E7%A8%B3/a-17127956#" rel="nofollow" style="text-decoration: none; cursor: pointer;"><img width="340" height="191" border="0" src="http://www.dw.de/image/0,,17086683_404,00.jpg" alt="[38121542] Nationaler Volkskongress in Peking 2013 (130314) — BEIJING, March 14, 2013 () — Hu Jintao (L) congratulates Xi Jinping at the fourth plenary meeting of the first session of the 12th National People\’s Congress (NPC) in Beijing, capital of China, March 14, 2013. Xi was elected president of the People\’s Republic of China (PRC) and chairman of the Central Military Commission of the PRC at the NPC session here on Thursday. (/Pang Xinglei) (hdt) " style="border-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 340px;" /></a><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: \’MS Song\’, \’MS Hei\’; color: #888888;">“和谐社会”</span></div></div>