素棺,神聖的隱喻(下)

<p align="center" style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: SimHei;">八</span></p><p align="center" style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1989<span style="font-family: SimSun;">年後,凱撒主義再次鎮制了耶穌精神,<wbr>中國的&#8220;歷史敘事&#8221;,出現了重大轉向。蘇聯解體、東歐易幟、<wbr>柏林牆坍塌、冷戰終結、全球化時代來臨,中共面臨空前危機,<wbr>北京祭出韜光養晦旗幡,以部分經濟權益對中國人實行贖買。<wbr>其秘而不宣的生存策略是,<wbr>以世俗主義和物質利誘換取中國人對自由、政治權利、<wbr>普遍人權和人生理想的追求,<wbr>以守住其僭越多年而日益難以為繼的偽主流偽正統地位,即秦始皇&#8212;<wbr>毛澤東、凱撒&#8212;斯大林主義,即東方敵基督身份。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">不言而喻,&#8220;非意識形態化&#8221;、&#8220;去神聖化&#8221;<wbr>成為中共</span>1989<span style="font-family: SimSun;">後口傳心領的統治秘訣,<wbr>紅色帝國暫時執行自我坎陷自行潛伏的權宜之計,<wbr>知識界的相應姿態&#8212;&#8212;犬儒主義、鄉願哲學、&#8220;告別革命&#8221;、&#8220;<wbr>拒絕崇高&#8221;式的精神市儈主義,各種現代後現代主義不一而足&#8212;&#8212;<wbr>遂為這一秘訣的附錄。一代人下來,<wbr>中共新一代統治者成功取締了文人學者作家詩人的大腦和心靈,<wbr>善惡是非的對抗較量悉被消解,巨量財富不僅強化了統治法器,<wbr>還成功地降伏並馴化了文化知識界,其用心之陰險、<wbr>嚴密甚至超過毛時代。不應忽視,重新意識形態化,<wbr>紅色帝國自我神聖化,只是時間問題。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">歷史揭露,政治抗議,重構某種邊緣性理論體系,<wbr>固有其價值。<wbr>但是若沒有一種將歷史政治經濟社會的敘事轉向精神與道德敘事,<wbr>若無一種連接東方與西方、塵世與彼岸、存在與神意、<wbr>永死與永生的&#8220;聖靈敘事&#8221;,<wbr>中國將永在唯物主義和無神論的暗夜爬行。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">陀思妥耶夫斯基和托爾斯泰曾親臨索洛維耶夫的&#8220;<wbr>神人類&#8221;講座,俄羅斯宗教哲學與俄羅斯文學有過歷史性的遇合,<wbr>二十世紀俄國流亡文學深受這次遇合的啟示,即使&#8220;撞上了非日暦的</span><wbr>20<span style="font-family: SimSun;">世紀&#8221;,也沒有淪為廢墟和嚎叫。鄭義以流亡者的孤絕,<wbr>開始了向十字架的跋涉,他心中被一縷晨光照亮,<wbr>那里站着他的兄弟姐妹,其中一位就是《素棺》主人、教宗約翰&#183;<wbr>保羅二世。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">路德、加爾文發動的新教改革,<wbr>作為基督教一次重大轉向,告別阿奎那、<wbr>聖奧古斯丁代表的中世紀神學,走向新大陸和全世界。</span>17<span style="font-family: SimSun;">世紀後歐<wbr>洲工業革命和文藝復興以及啟蒙運動從西方內部挑戰了基督教。</span>19<span style="font-family: SimSun;"><wbr>世紀後,現代社會科學和哲學佔據了傳統基督教的世俗空間,<wbr>但真正的挑戰發生在</span>20<span style="font-family: SimSun;">世紀。納粹、<wbr>共產主義兩大極權主義的興起,兩次世界大戰、<wbr>熱核戰爭可能性和冷戰,將人類命運帶到整體毀滅的深淵邊緣,<wbr>世界危機呈現出啟示錄式的徵兆。人們猛然發現,<wbr>如果不從人類的絕對狀態和終極價值發動一次反思,<wbr>不在根本存在意義上重新檢查文明,在普遍道德、<wbr>全球倫理和人類意識的基礎上實現一次內在而超越的精神革新,<wbr>世界的末日和人類的滅絕只是時間問題。&#8212;&#8212;<wbr>宗教再次攸關世界人類,基督教的古老使命被要求獲得全新領悟。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">從</span>1962<span style="font-family: SimSun;">年秋到</span>1965<span style="font-family: SimSun;">年秋,</span>2540<span style="font-family: SimSun;">名教會<wbr>領袖參與了長達四年的&#8220;梵蒂岡第二屆大公會議&#8221;,發表了《<wbr>教會與現代世界憲章》和《告人類書》。標誌着公元</span>325<span style="font-family: SimSun;">年第一屆<wbr>尼西亞大公會議</span>1640<span style="font-family: SimSun;">年後基督教最重大的轉向,<wbr>直接面對世界的空前危機,直接關切、介入人類命運:戰爭、和平、<wbr>信仰自由、人權、核污染、道德危機、環境、大眾傳播、文明衝突&#8230;<wbr>&#8230;《告人類書》直接致意各國執政者、思想和科學工作者、勞工、<wbr>婦女、青年,申明人類本性與超越性不分離,<wbr>歷史時代與永恆性不分離,俗務與靈修不分離,生命與恩寵不分離,<wbr>人類與上帝不分離,&#8220;向世界顯示上帝的愛&#8221;,特別向&#8220;<wbr>鐵幕内的沉默者&#8221;致意。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">如同共產主義傳入中國,<wbr>遭遇皇權專制和流寇造反而必然變異一樣,<wbr>西方基督教也必在共產極權主義和意識形態中國發生扭曲。<wbr>據傳中國現在有一億基督徒,除了官方豢養的偽教徒外,<wbr>眾多人都相信,信仰是、且只是上帝與個人之間的屬靈關係,&#8220;<wbr>因信稱義&#8221;成為中國基督徒的基本信仰之道。<wbr>此中所涉基督教教義和中國地下與家庭教會種種內在取議,<wbr>本文不予置評。如果基督教不關切全人類,不為所有人提供自由、<wbr>真理、信仰、公義、希望和愛,並把人類從精神上團結起來,<wbr>它的全部價值、公信力和神聖性將立即化為烏有。<wbr>如果基督教只是單向度的接納信徒的&#8220;純粹信仰&#8221;<wbr>而不能生氣勃勃地介入和分享人類命運,<wbr>那麼世界就會落到敵基督和魔鬼的手中。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">鄭義深契個人生命與上帝之間的根本關係,<wbr>他在與上帝的感通時分享的充實、喜悅和感動,<wbr>不僅構成其生命的新活水,而且成為其文學創作的新靈感。<wbr>神聖性之所以是人類得救的內在基礎,<wbr>在於只有它才能使個人從自然、社會、<wbr>國家和歷史的臨時階段脫穎而出,人們才能反向審查和矯正世界,<wbr>讓所有進程和每個細節都被重新定義而再獲價值。&#8220;<wbr>上帝與個人的私密關係&#8221;揭示了基督教信仰世界的某種路徑,<wbr>但這一信條在我們時代卻</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">可悲地</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">適合於極權主義下的世俗需要,<wbr>其實是六十幾年來中國唯物主義&#8212;無神論和偶像崇拜的變種;<wbr>在社會道德領域中,屬於極權統治臨時退卻衍生的中國</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">人</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">常有的自我<wbr>保全技俩,隱含着獨特的僭越、貪圖、無知和勢利,<wbr>某種源自現代虛無主義的自我崇拜,某種隱蔽自洽的偶像替代。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimHei;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: SimHei;">九</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">回到《素棺》,回到教宗約翰&#183;保羅二世。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">基督教與世界一樣,本身需要拯救。<wbr>這種需求在出現的刹那,立即得到回應,教宗約翰&#8226;保羅二世以&#8220;<wbr>道成肉身&#8221;的形式,把這個回應轉換成一種歷史進程,<wbr>一次莊嚴儀式,一個充實光輝的典範人生。鄭義從那個令世界動容&#8212;<wbr>&#8212;共產中國合於自身邏輯地再次自外於那場感動無數人的場景&#8212;&#8212;<wbr>的終結性事件中的細節開始,回溯了這位非凡人物的歷史性鏡頭。<wbr>基督教在現代世界的傑出代表,經過流亡作家鄭義之手,<wbr>以美妙傳神的中文由此保存於世。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">《素棺》關於約翰&#8226;<wbr>保羅二世的精神內涵極為豐富,述及對象遍及</span>20<span style="font-family: SimSun;">世紀東西方重大歷<wbr>史和精神現象。需要一本專著才能闡釋,非本文可以勝任。<wbr>在此只提出幾點感受。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">鄭義用單獨一段文字追溯教宗一半姓氏&#8220;約翰&#8221;,<wbr>似可理解為&#8220;正名&#8221;。</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">初代门徒约翰曾用一句话概括《圣经》<wbr>的救赎真理:&#8220;神爱世人,甚至将他的独生子赐给他们,<wbr>叫一切信他的,不至灭亡,反得永生。&#8221;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">这位约翰,<wbr>就是亲临耶稣殉难现场,并接受耶稣气绝前最后嘱托,<wbr>把玛丽亚奉为生母的那位约翰。<wbr>也就是追随耶稣之前在加利利海上打渔为生的渔夫约翰,《<wbr>约翰福音》的作者约翰,<wbr>十二使徒中唯一没有被钉十字架或砍头的约翰</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">那是《聖經》四大福音書居其一的《約翰福音》<wbr>中近兩千年一以貫之的精神族譜,除約翰一、二、三外,《啟示錄》<wbr>就是通過約翰傳布的。</span>20<span style="font-family: SimSun;">個世紀以降,西方&#8212;&#8212;接著是全球&#8212;&#8212;<wbr>無數耶穌的信徒和非信徒、約翰的血緣和非血緣後裔、<wbr>受洗和未受洗的人,都把這個名字作為教名或俗名。與中文相對,</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">如<wbr>果耶穌像征受難和拯救,約翰則寓意著義和仁,合而為愛</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">。<wbr>為凸顯教宗精神其來有自,鄭義特地引用九秩高齡的&#8220;<wbr>初代門徒約翰&#8221;最後一次講道中的最後一句教誨:</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">孩子們哪,<wbr>你們要彼此相愛!然後在講壇上</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">安然謝世</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&#8221;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">。</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">鄭義提行寫道:</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">講述一株玫瑰,使徒約翰始於根系,<wbr>教宗約翰則始於繁花搖曳的枝頭。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">這里顯然省略了無數過程,&#8220;根系&#8221;與&#8220;枝頭&#8221;<wbr>之間隱去了</span>1883<span style="font-family: SimSun;">年間與&#8220;約翰&#8221;相關的無數故事,<wbr>其中包括羅曼&#183;羅蘭的《約翰&#8226;克里斯朵夫》</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1937<span style="font-family: SimSun;">年</span>1<span style="font-family: SimSun;">月,傅雷在《譯者獻詞》中對中國讀者說:</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">真正的光明決不是永沒有黑暗的時間,<wbr>只是永不被黑暗所掩蔽罷了。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">真正的英雄決不是永沒有卑下的情操,<wbr>只是永不被卑下的情操所屈服罷了。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">所以在你要戰勝外來的敵人之前先得戰勝你內在的敵人;<wbr>你不必害怕沉</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">淪墮落,只消你能不斷的自拔與更新。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1940<span style="font-family: SimSun;">年秋,<wbr>傅雷與中國同陷於民族危急存亡之秋,再在《譯者弁言》結尾留言:</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">這部書既不是小說,也不是詩,據作者的自白,說它有如一條河。萊</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">茵這條橫貫歐洲的巨流是全書的像征。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">尼采的查拉圖斯特拉現在已經具體成形,<wbr>在人間降生了。他帶來了鮮</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">血淋漓的現實。托爾斯泰的福音主義的使徒只成為一個時代的幻影,<wbr>煙霧</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">似的消失了。比&#8220;超人&#8221;更富於人間性、世界性、<wbr>永久性的新英雄約翰&#183;</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">克里斯朵夫,應當是人類以更大的苦難、更深的磨煉去追求的典型。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">傅雷譯《貝多芬傳》譯《約翰&#183;克里斯朵夫》<wbr>的&#8220;個人理由&#8221;是,&#8220;把我所受的恩澤轉贈給比我年青的一代&#8221;,<wbr>他又說,&#8220;我自己也還沒有渡完克里斯朵夫的最後階段&#8221;,即羅曼&#183;<wbr>羅蘭在其《卷十初版序》所預言&#8220;我寫下了快要消滅一代的悲劇&#8221;。<wbr>果然一語成讖,不僅一代人,<wbr>而是三代人甚至更多代人的悲劇降臨中國。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">在渡過潺湲河水涉向洶湧海洋時,聖者約翰&#8226;<wbr>克里斯朵夫&#8220;眼看自己在上帝的至高的和平中化掉,<wbr>眼看自己為上帝效勞,竭衷盡力的干了一輩子,&#8221;而向上帝呼叫:</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">這才是真正的歡樂!</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">主啊,你對於你的僕人不至於太不滿意吧?</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">我曾經奮鬥,曾經痛苦,曾經流浪,曾經創造。<wbr>讓我在你為父的臂抱</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">中歇一歇吧。有一天,我將為了新的戰鬥而再生。於是,<wbr>萬物與他一齊歡唱:</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">所有的心只是一顆心。日與夜交融為一,<wbr>堆著微笑。和諧是愛與恨結</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">合起來的莊嚴的配偶,我將謳歌那個掌管愛與恨的神明。頌贊生命!<wbr>頌</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">贊死亡!</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1915<span style="font-family: SimSun;">年,瑞典文學院授予羅曼&#183;<wbr>羅蘭諾貝爾文學獎,&#8220;表彰其作品中的崇高理想&#8230;&#8230;,<wbr>同情和對真理的熱愛&#8221;。他是當之無愧的,<wbr>就憑他為貝多芬立傳並將&#8220;約翰&#8221;<wbr>這一神聖姓氏作為其不朽巨著的書名,也該獲獎。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">現在,輪到鄭義陪伴教宗約翰&#183;保羅(&#8220;保羅&#8221;,<wbr>基督教另一初代使徒的名字也曾凝聚起多少偉大的心靈,<wbr>在二十世紀,就有保羅&#183;蒂里希!)渡過約旦河、萊茵河、黃河、<wbr>恆河、伏爾加河&#8230;&#8230;,走向彼岸。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: SimHei;">十</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">教宗的工作超過了他的所有前任,<wbr>世界至今分享著他的心血。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">猶如一股自由的信風席卷波蘭,驅走恐懼,<wbr>帶來信仰、希望和愛</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&#8221;,他與電工瓦文薩、&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">波蘭的勇氣和希望</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&#8221;<wbr>在一片樹林中&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">秘密會面</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&#8221;。<wbr>鄭義引用波蘭歷史上第一位民選總統瓦文薩指出,<wbr>促成自由波蘭的歷史功勛,&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">50%</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">歸教宗,</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">30%</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">歸波蘭人民,</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">2<wbr>0%</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">歸里根、撒切爾、戈爾巴喬夫和葉利欽</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&#8221;。鄭義的評價是:</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">教宗約翰</span><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&#8226;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">保羅二世推動了波蘭的自由運動,<wbr>引發了東歐特別是蘇聯</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">的共產總崩潰,由此冷戰終結,人類從核末日的陰影下得到拯救。<wbr>教宗之</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">死,標志著以殘暴著稱的二十世紀正式落幕。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">《素棺》傳遞的最給世人慰籍、鼓舞、啟示的信息,<wbr>是約翰&#183;保羅二世兩句傳遍世界&#8212;&#8212;中國除外&#8212;&#8212;的話語:</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">不要懼怕。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">在愛裡沒有懼怕。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;從那时起,这一句&#8220;不要害怕&#8221;就成了他的口头语,成了他标志性</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;的语言,成了他对基督教世界以及全人类的不断重复的伟大召唤。<wbr>他以</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;此激励普天之下受苦受难者,也</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">以此真诚自勉。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">這恐怕是現代中國人最難理喻最覺陌生的兩句大白<wbr>話,鄭義再三引用,因為它門的含義太深,在它面前,<wbr>整個現代中國的全部精神求素和道德努力都黯然失色。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">人類太有理由懼怕了。懼怕是生命存在的背景,<wbr>是生命本能的反映,是死亡、黑暗、<wbr>非存在和虛無世界對生命的投影。動物在暴力死亡面前會產生懼怕,<wbr>人的懼怕則是宇宙間最嚴重最陰森的事像。<wbr>宗教的心理起源來自懼怕,<wbr>上帝的形象帶有人類企圖消彌懼怕的希望。懼怕產生恐怖,<wbr>導致痛苦和焦慮,也導致暴力和殘酷。<wbr>人的特殊使命之一是擺脫懼怕,擺脫死亡、地獄的恐怖,擺脫仇恨、<wbr>絕望的折磨。別爾嘉耶夫認為,<wbr>基督教最仁慈的成就是幫助人擺脫魔鬼崇拜和奴役他人與被他人奴役<wbr>的罪惡。自由、真理、英雄主義、光榮犧牲都能減輕懼怕,<wbr>而鄭義特別推崇約翰&#183;保羅二世的教誨:</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">在愛裡沒有懼怕</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">自從《約翰福音》把&#8220;道成肉身&#8221;顯示於世,<wbr>基督教就真正與人的命運和使命不可分離了。約翰&#183;<wbr>保羅二世在就任教皇伊始說的第一句話&#8220;不要懼怕&#8221;,<wbr>其背景包括全部人類歷史,而直指</span>20<span style="font-family: SimSun;">世紀。&#8220;在愛里沒有懼怕&#8221;,<wbr>是這個苦難世紀最深沉最富感召力的黃鐘大呂之音,<wbr>它是一系列事件的引語,終結於一個新的開端。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">人類第三個千禧年之初,<wbr>教宗在聖彼得大教堂的大彌撒儀式上,公開發布文告,&#8220;<wbr>竭誠懺悔並祈求上帝寬赦歷代天主教會所犯下的諸般罪行&#8221;。</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">不要害<wbr>怕,不要害怕</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&#8230;&#8230;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">这不仅是对他人的劝勉,也是对自己的誓约。<wbr>因此,<wbr>他义无反顾地承担起基督教群体在悠长历史中所犯下的种种罪行与过<wbr>失,其中包括背离圣经,强迫教徒悔罪;十字军东征烧杀掳掠;<wbr>宗教裁判所迫害异端;分裂基督教;敌视犹太教,<wbr>对犹太人惨遭种族灭绝保持沉默;强行传教,侵害原住民;<wbr>贬抑女性地位与尊严;对诸多社会问题漠不关心。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">懺悔中的他承受着超常的痛苦,他的手颤抖不止,如寒风中最后一</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;片枯叶。</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">最後,他柱著杖,蹣跚着行至一座耶穌受難雕像前,<wbr>親吻耶穌</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">的腳</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">,</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">以此宣示認罪之真誠。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: SimSun;">這一文告和行為,其意義與波蘭、東歐、<wbr>蘇俄和全世界共產主義崩潰、核陰雲消散、冷戰終結的歷史功勛,<wbr>形成我們時代兩則無與倫比的奇觀,後者對於挽救虛無、墮落、<wbr>罪惡的人類精神,在&#8220;存在&#8220;和&#8220;終極&#8221;的意義上,</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">足</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">以啟示人類一<wbr>千年。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">蘇俄</span>74<span style="font-family: SimSun;">年血流成河的罪行,僅僅在《<wbr>古拉格群島》、《讓歷史來審判》一類書籍中受到揭露,<wbr>參予埋葬二十世紀第一個紅色帝國、拒絕向自由開火的戈爾巴喬夫、<wbr>葉利欽,卻沒有代表蘇共向俄國和世界人民悔罪。<wbr>至今也沒有一位美國總統為贖賣黑奴、<wbr>屠殺印第安人以及因為決策不當犯下的諸如&#8220;丢失中國&#8221;<wbr>一類大錯而違背&#8220;登山寶訓&#8221;和&#8220;獨立宣言&#8221;所犯下的過錯悔罪。<wbr>至於中國,能夠想像中共領導們為其&#8220;開國元勛&#8221;犯下的彌天大罪,<wbr>在人民大會堂&#8212;&#8212;而不是在高牆後面竊竊私語,<wbr>用公開文告而不是秘密文件&#8212;&#8212;向中國人民認罪懺悔嗎?</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">鄭義告訴我們,除了中國全世界都知道,<wbr>教宗約翰&#183;保羅二世本人是極權主義受害者。沒有人會懷疑,<wbr>如果中國人也能通過電視畫面親眼看見親耳聽見教宗的莊嚴懺悔,<wbr>其心靈將受到何種難以言說的衝擊和清洗。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">毛澤東在總結其一生時,稱他做了兩件事,<wbr>掠取了天下和發動了文革,並因此被裝進水晶棺。很難兩相比較,<wbr>不僅在人格上,即使在純粹客觀歷史進程上,《素棺》主人翁</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">与毛</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">,<wbr>也是雲泥之隔,霄址之別。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">只有歷史&#8212;精神背景下,<wbr>鄭義詳加描繪的教宗被刺,才有了超凡的寓意。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimHei;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimHei;">十一</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">列寧被俄國社會民主黨女黨員卡普蘭槍傷後,<wbr>近兩千名該黨成員和其他布爾什維克政權的異已人士遭到鎮壓;<wbr>基洛夫被刺殺後(斯大林一手策劃),三萬多人被處決。<wbr>紅色政權絕不容忍對其領袖發動任何肉身攻擊。<wbr>七千多名德國天主教徒、貴族、元帥、<wbr>工會人士先後策動謀刺希特勒,暴君的回答是一律格殺勿論。<wbr>即使在聖雄甘地身上,以命抵命的懲罰罰也沒有避免,<wbr>年輕狂熱的凶手、印度教極右分子戈徳賽及其同伙被處絞刑,<wbr>另五名同盟犯被終生監禁。至於中國,備受毛澤東迫害的人士,<wbr>幾乎沒有如何消除這個暴君的念頭,卻有數十萬男女橫死於&#8220;<wbr>惡毒攻擊毛主席&#8221;的罪名之下。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">與甘地一樣,教宗被刺是其生命中的必然。<wbr>邪惡和陰謀不能容忍真理與美善不受傷害地顯示。鄭義正確地指出,<wbr>&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">最關心教宗健康的老朋友蘇聯克格勃</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&#8221;是真正的幕後主使。<wbr>他們被謀刺的場景一樣:廣庭大眾,笑語歡聲,&#8212;&#8212;<wbr>與自己的兄弟姐妹同胞和人民無所隔閡的偉大生命,<wbr>無時不刻不面臨著罪惡子彈的威脅。<wbr>他們在那一剎那的呼聲完全一樣:噢,羅摩(上帝)!啊,<wbr>聖母瑪麗亞!&#8212;&#8212;如同每一個正常的中國人喊天呼娘一樣。<wbr>他們對凶手的態度也一樣,不怨恨槍擊他們的&#8220;兄弟&#8221;,<wbr>寬恕並為他祈禱。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">教宗大難不死,&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">因為神所賦予的結束共產邪惡的<wbr>偉大使命尚未完成</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&#8221;。專程探望凶手,與他進行&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">一個人與另一個人<wbr>、兄弟式</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&#8221;的交談,是比那偉大使命更偉大的使命。<wbr>鄭義溫柔輕簡地刻劃了那&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">密密的鐵柱刻碎了窗外陽光</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&#8221;<wbr>的囚室里發生的一切:</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">我为那个枪击我的弟兄祈祷。<wbr>我已经诚挚地宽恕了他</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">中國道德世界不曾出現過&#8220;以愛報恨&#8221;的奇跡。<wbr>蔣中正先生在日本投降後曾號召國人&#8220;以德報怨&#8221;,<wbr>當時就遭到延安的嘲笑和中傷。好事者為蔣辯護,<wbr>稱他的原話和本意是&#8220;以直報怨&#8221;。孔子兩千五百年前就提倡&#8220;<wbr>忠恕&#8221;之道,但</span>1949<span style="font-family: SimSun;">年後的中國奉行的卻是夫子再再傳弟子朱熹<wbr>的主張:以其人之道還治其人之身。<wbr>大規模持續三代之久的則是以惡待善,以怨報德,以暴力宰殺無辜。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimHei;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: SimHei;">十二</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">教宗本尼狄克十四世曾與伏爾泰進行過一次甚為坦<wbr>率而富於挑戰性的對話。兩人唇槍舌戰,對上帝、理性、人類本性、<wbr>教會、革命、信仰、性、<wbr>歷史責任等十八世紀歐洲最重大的話題的交鋒令人乍舌。<wbr>伏爾泰作為啟蒙運動的領袖、基督教最大膽無情的反對者,<wbr>而對同樣博學、開明、深諳歷史與人性的教宗,出語尖刻、<wbr>充滿譏刺。教宗反唇相譏,毫不客氣。這場對話的背景是,<wbr>基督教已處於空前退潮中,歐洲正被無神論和理性征服。<wbr>本尼狄克十四世期望通過與伏爾泰推心置腹地交流,<wbr>勸阻啟蒙主義的強悍勢頭,為歐洲保留信仰的堡壘,<wbr>以防止暴政和墮落統治世界。在基督教</span>1800<span style="font-family: SimSun;">年歷史上,<wbr>這是教宗與世俗代表、最大的異端進行的首次平等對話。<wbr>他們誰也沒有占上風,而教宗冒了極大風險。事實上,<wbr>他立即受到幾乎整個教庭和全部神職人員的譴責。約翰&#183;<wbr>保羅二世跨出向世界懺悔的一步,<wbr>其意義遠遠超過包括本尼狄克十四世在內的所有前任。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">教宗的世紀懺悔和寬恕,固然淵源於&#8220;<wbr>十字架上的愛&#8221;,出自人類信仰生命之大不忍,然而即使身為教宗,<wbr>這也是&#8220;史無前例的舉動&#8221;,<wbr>基督教世界面臨的譴責和審判並不亞於感動和祝福。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&#8212;&#8212;千載之罪,普世之過,他那老邁之軀能承擔得起嗎?</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">鄭義對教宗的肖像素描,<wbr>是基督教以及文學史上罕見的形像,甚至是人類的一個縮影&#8212;&#8212;<wbr>也許還是作者自己的某種未來寫照:</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">低垂蒼老的頭,雙唇微翕,說不清在啜泣或禱告,<wbr>也許是啜泣著禱</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">告。歪扭的面龐上一道道的皺紋,如悲憫之淚衝刷出的火山的溝壑,<wbr>如</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">被愁苦之浪撞得支離破碎的海邊的岩石,<wbr>如懺悔之火焚燒烤過的傷痕累</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">累的樹皮。白發凌亂的額頭無力地抵靠着權杖,<wbr>衰老的軀體勉力支撐,</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">一如沉侵於喪子之痛不可自拔的老父。有大風刮起,銀色的絲質長袍</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">猛烈飛起,宛若一只受傷的巨鳥掙扎着展開一翼&#8230;&#8230;</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;<span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">為何教宗的面容總是很悲戚、愁苦?</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">這是一個問題,必須作出回答。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">不可能在一篇散文中歷述教宗一生&#8220;親臨現場&#8221;<wbr>的艱難、苦情、嘆息。他不是僅僅親臨人類不幸的事實,<wbr>不是以任何名義諸如&#8220;天地不仁,以萬物為芻狗&#8221;、&#8220;歷史辯證法&#8221;<wbr>、&#8220;存在先於本質&#8221;、&#8220;為有犧牲多壯志&#8221;<wbr>之類古今之外視生命如草芥的荒唐冷酷的邏輯,<wbr>更不是假借任何主義、世界觀、先進思想乃至階級、民族、<wbr>國家為大屠殺尋找理由,為無辜受難者提供慰藉。<wbr>鄭義一直在思考類似問題,面對二十世紀獨有的罪惡和野蠻,<wbr>以人類理想和世界未來為口號制造的苦難和不幸,<wbr>幾乎取締了人的存在基礎。</span>20<span style="font-family: SimSun;">世紀最行時的學問,<wbr>都對人間罪惡不聞不問:形而上學、邏輯實證主義、存在主義、<wbr>東方神秘主義、解構主義、現代儒學&#8230;&#8230;只有在&#8220;各各他&#8221;<wbr>的十字架映照着無辜者,只有道成肉身於十字架上的耶穌、約翰、<wbr>保羅們走進人群,他們竭盡所能攙扶起行將到斃者,<wbr>為無辜不幸者祈禱,以這個時代不熟悉的聲音提供救贖的建議,<wbr>並且以道成肉身的神聖者的身份與人一同罹苦受死&#8230;&#8230;<wbr>他們將重心從彼岸移到此岸,約翰&#183;保羅二世走在其中,<wbr>是離我們最近的一個,</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&#8212;&#8212;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">因着《素棺》。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">鄭義與教宗一同去到耶路撒冷納粹大屠殺紀念館,<wbr>&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">老人面色凝重,長時間沉默無語,整個身體都在微微抖顫</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&#8221;;</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">他跟隨教宗走進&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">非洲死亡之心</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&#8221;乍得一間&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">家徒<wbr>四壁一貧如洗的土屋</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&#8221;;</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">他們去到巴西&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">最潦倒絕望的貧民窟</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&#8221;。教宗&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">顫<wbr>巍巍摘下自己的戒指,送給遇見的一個不知名姓的窮人</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&#8230;&#8230;這位精神<wbr>世界最有權勢的人,那一刻顯然深感無力,<wbr>那張如苦瓜般皺紋縱橫的臉上,流淌著難掩的懺悔和自責</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&#8221;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">哥倫比亞,毒梟、恐怖分子、獨裁者的國度,&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">還<wbr>在百年的孤獨中掙扎</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&#8221;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">的羊群</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&#8230;&#8230;</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">下面一段文字難以置評,<wbr>它們敘述的事實和傳達的意旨,超過了漢語世界的認知經驗,<wbr>也是對&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">悲戚、愁苦</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">&#8221;之問的正面回答:</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: KaiTi;">約翰&#183;保羅二世是歷史上出行最多的一位教宗。在擔任聖職的</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">26<wbr>年</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">里</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">,</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">這位通曉八種語言的傳道者,發表了</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">3000多次演講,訪問了<wbr>127</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">個國家,路程合計</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">100多萬公里,相當於地球到月亮距離的3倍。<wbr>可謂足</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">跡所至,無遠弗屆(中國除外!)。<wbr>以致於那些以奔走為業的各國記者,</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">也尊崇地稱他為&#8220;飛行的聖座&#8221;。這位&#8220;上帝的眾僕之僕&#8221;,<wbr>拄着他的杖,</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">風塵僕僕躦行於途,一直走到老病侵尋的暮年走到死。<wbr>一如舊約時代,先</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">知摩西拄着牧杖,帶領百萬奴隸出埃及、<wbr>過紅海走向自由之地,走向自己</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">的死亡。千禧之年,教宗登上西奈山巔,<wbr>迎着三千多年前吹拂過摩西的高</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">原之風,遠眺上帝應許之地。那一刻,<wbr>他定然如摩西一樣感悟到歲月無情。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">再也走不動了。垂垂老矣。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">愛因斯坦在悼念瑪麗&#183;居里&#8212;&#8212;教宗約翰&#183;<wbr>保羅二世偉大的波蘭同胞&#8212;&#8212;時指出,&#8220;由於社會的嚴酷和不平等,<wbr>她的心情總是抑郁的。這就使得她具有那樣嚴肅的外貌,&#8230;&#8230;<wbr>這是一種無法用人和藝術氣質來解脫的罕見的嚴肅性。&#8221;</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">人類歷史上幾乎所有精神卓絕的人物,<wbr>都具有居里夫人式的嚴肅表情。達&#183;芬奇、米開朗基羅、牛頓、<wbr>貝多芬、托爾斯泰、索爾仁尼琴&#8230;&#8230;相從心變,這種嚴肅性,<wbr>出自他們持續終身的高度專注,<wbr>宇宙的莊嚴和世界的奧秘排斥了輕佻、油滑、奉迎、虛偽,<wbr>一切世俗的快活、浮浪、無聊都被嚴格禁絕。更不可改易的是,<wbr>面對人類的不幸和罪惡,他們常懷遠逾常人的隱忍、悲憫和絕望。<wbr>命中注定,他們是負軛躦行的使徒。在上帝那裡,那是輕省容易的,<wbr>在他們,卻沉如十字架。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">鄭義,也具有那種嚴肅表情。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">順便說一句,從毛澤東開始,現代中國人的面容,<wbr>幾乎看不到可冠以&#8220;肅穆&#8221;、&#8220;悲戚&#8221;、&#8220;憂郁&#8221;、&#8220;聖潔&#8221;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">和欣悦<wbr>、欢快、爽朗、光辉</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">的痕跡,墮落、頹廢、邪性、貪婪、陰險、<wbr>下流等鄙俗的人性質素,不僅腐化了中國人的內心,<wbr>也可悲地塑造了中國人的面容。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">絕不只限於&#8220;悲戚、愁苦&#8221;,<wbr>擅長講笑話的鄭義記下了教宗一則小故事。露天大型集會上,<wbr>孫輩年齡的少年少女唱起&#8220;祝您長命百歲&#8221;,教宗&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">顫抖著嘟嚷了一<wbr>句:說來容易,做起來難!</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&#8221;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">短暫靜默之後,掌聲驟起,全場笑翻</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&#8230;<wbr>&#8230;</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">毛澤東也有幽默感,迷戀於權利和陰謀,猶在&#8220;<wbr>謙恭未篡時&#8221;。比如&#8220;重慶談判&#8221;期間,毛數此突然尖呼&#8220;<wbr>蔣委員長萬歲!&#8221;滿座愕然失笑。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimHei;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<wbr>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimHei;">十三</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">索洛維約夫死於</span>20<span style="font-family: SimSun;">世紀元年,他以神秘的天賦、熾熱的言辭、<wbr>磅礡的詩意、聖徒式的悲情和無與倫比的深邃,致力於&#8220;神化人類&#8221;<wbr>、&#8220;世界之愛&#8221;與&#8220;永恆溫柔&#8221;,<wbr>為俄羅斯贏得持續一個世紀的世界美譽。<wbr>他比德國基督教思想家舍勒更早地斥責沙俄帝國對信仰和良心的侵犯<wbr>,&#8220;乃是俄國最嚴重的犯罪&#8221;,<wbr>他強調精神和愛是人的神聖性所依存,它們天然孱弱,<wbr>完全不具備任何強力,但它們是決定世界意義的根本,<wbr>生命的價值就在於把自然強力和世俗法則置於孱弱之愛和精神之下,<wbr>以實現人的最高目標,人而神的合一。關於教宗&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">總是很悲戚、愁苦</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;"><wbr>&#8221;的面容之問,鄭義給出了</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">妥帖</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">的回答:</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">這面容和軀體所透露出的情感,<wbr>恰與權杖上端耶穌受難像呼應,那就</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">是承擔與悲憫、價值和意義,<wbr>那就是在一個柔弱的肉體里因愛而生的靈魂</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">的力量。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">天性與歷練使然,鄭義的觀察力和感受性極強。<wbr>每臨史詩場景,其文字立即融入那場景內外匯際的氣氛,<wbr>如葛底斯堡、天安門廣場、紅場,那些流動的畫面、聲響、氣息,<wbr>變化不居的感受,千年一遇的細節。這時的鄭義,屏聲斂氣,<wbr>兩眼高度凝神,兩耳充溢鼓蕩。<wbr>最意外最華美的信息總會如善解人意的猛獸馴順俯就,<wbr>鄭義與所有天才人物一樣,流露出一種君王般的俯瞰氣像,<wbr>似乎他本人導演了史詩。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">動人的場景紛至沓來,梵蒂岡聖彼得廣場,<wbr>燭光如繁星,最後祝福,彌留之際的波蘭話,教庭發言人、<wbr>索達諾大主教,淚光,祈禱,歡呼,燦爛光輝,<wbr>貫注萬物的是鄭義心中的贊美詩:</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">我們沒有想到,在耶穌之後,<wbr>在現實世界有幸見到如此美好的人性。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">他是耶穌的影子,他預先把天堂展示給我們。<wbr>與他同世真是上帝賜予我們</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">的格外的恩典</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">壯麗的終場來臨。梵蒂岡,<wbr>美國三位總統集體下跪,華沙、奧斯維辛集中營所在地克拉科夫、<wbr>當然有瓦多維采&#8212;&#8212;教宗故鄉,黑紗、禮炮,&#8220;<wbr>為他們慈愛的父親和忠誠的兒子送行&#8221;;羅馬,<wbr>兩千年間蓄積無數愛與恨、希望與絕望的聖彼得大教堂,</span>60<span style="font-family: SimSun;">萬民眾<wbr>和各國元首、特使,安魂曲,全球數十億雙眼睛&#8230;&#8230;</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">德國神學</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">家朵罗士&#183;蘇勒</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">在紀念</span>20<span style="font-family: SimSun;">世紀基督教<wbr>聖徒朋霍費爾時指示,&#8220;他將帶領我們進入主後第三千年。&#8221;</span>194<wbr>5<span style="font-family: SimSun;">年</span>4<span style="font-family: SimSun;">月</span>9<span style="font-family: SimSun;">日,霍崩費爾走向絞刑架時說,這就是終點,<wbr>也是我生命的開始,我馬上就要站在上帝面前。五十年後,</span>2005<span style="font-family: SimSun;"><wbr>年</span>4<span style="font-family: SimSun;">月</span>2<span style="font-family: SimSun;">日,鄭義心中的教宗站到朋霍費爾的起點上:</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: KaiTi;">他已經看到並且觸摸到神。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">人世的重負已然放下。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">現在是與神獨對的時刻了。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">在鄭義筆下,伴送逝者的&#8220;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">海浪般的沒有休止的歡<wbr>呼聲,人類生命史上至為輝煌的一刻&#8221;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">如約到來。早春時節,<wbr>春風骀蕩,天堂之門已經打開&#8230;&#8230;<wbr>極其壯麗的場面在最後和最初的時刻出現:</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">在管風琴奏出的聖樂中,</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">12個身穿黑色大禮服的<wbr>人抬着教宗的素棺</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">從聖彼得大教堂正門的陰影走出。<wbr>當那個簡單樸素的柏木箱剛剛走進明</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">媚如初戀少女的陽光,走進羅馬的視線&#8212;&#8212;<wbr>素棺被放置於一塊紅色地毯</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">上,緊貼地面。棺蓋上放了一本打開的大紅封面的《聖經》。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">主教門頭戴白色禮冠,身披深紅法袍,<wbr>魚貫進入廣場。一浪強風襲</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">來,把他們的紅袍吹得凌亂不堪&#8230;&#8230;棺蓋上攤開的《聖經》<wbr>被吹起十數</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">頁,每頁都呈完美弓形,如滿風之帆。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">這樣明察秋毫</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">的觀察</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">、精美絕倫</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">的刻畫</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">,<wbr>如此妙不可言的喻旨,出自一名中國作家之手,<wbr>出自一名被虛無主義淹沒的國度所放逐的流亡者的孤苦而高傲的心,<wbr>已非人工可以鍛造,只有神跡,只有聖潔與精靈的相逢,才能</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">撰</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">寫。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">華彩紛呈,波瀾壯闊,無以復加:</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">不經意間,<wbr>我窺視了一個難以打破的上帝的奧秘。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span>&nbsp;<span style="font-family: KaiTi;">雖然我再也說不出更多的話,但保羅二世,這位泥土所造的謙卑</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">者,這位&#8220;眾僕之僕所給予我的感動是長存的&#8230;&#8230;</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: MingLiU;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: KaiTi;">正如使徒保羅那堅如盤石的字句:舊世已過,看,一切都煥然更新!</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span style="font-family: SimSun;">水晶棺里的僵屍,何曾享有這種榮耀?<wbr>他們留給後世的,除了最初的如喪考妣、天塌地陷的懼怕和恐怖外,<wbr>就是越來越嫌惡的鄙夷和怨恨。我們總是為晚已晚地意識到,<wbr>世界的本質,不是水晶棺里面必朽的僵屍,<wbr>不是僭越神聖的敵基督的&#8220;豐功偉業&#8221;,<wbr>而是曾經發生在我們視野外的奇跡,發生在同一個星球上的神喻。<wbr>我們受害並見欺於狂妄和冷漠,喪失、<wbr>或從來沒有擁有對真實不虛的偉大人格的敏感,<wbr>我們更陷溺於粗鄙的唯物主義和邪惡的無神論,<wbr>竟至於對人類最可寶貴的神聖性不存敬畏、渴慕和贊嘆。<wbr>我們的先人雖然希賢成聖,<wbr>但確實欠缺在面臨人類苦難和罪惡時湧現的</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">博愛</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">與救贖精神,<wbr>以至於我們從來不曾在無辜犧牲的祭壇前顫抖感恩,<wbr>更無緣親灸讓我們的靈魂哪怕被神觸動過一次的幸福,而一掬熱淚。</span></p><p style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">《素棺》是一團燭火,讓它照亮我們內心的黑暗;《<wbr>素棺》是一個神聖的隱喻,讓它開啟我們依存</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">卻隔絕</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">的世界。</span></p>


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