<h1><a href="http://gdb.voanews.com/9E62E245-5654-495F-A35E-8EA0564C6805_mw1024_s_n.jpg" rel="ibox" title="安徽合肥一所中学的学生在准备参加高考（资料照片）" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; color: #132fbe; background-color: #ffffff;"><img alt="安徽合肥一所中学的学生在准备参加高考（资料照片）" border="0" src="http://gdb.voanews.com/9E62E245-5654-495F-A35E-8EA0564C6805_w640_r1_s.jpg" style="border-style: none; display: block; margin: 10px 0px;" /></a></h1><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; clear: both; line-height: 18px; width: 640px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; color: #666666; line-height: 13px; margin-top: -6px; padding-top: 0px; display: block; padding-bottom: 12px; clear: both;">安徽合肥一所中学的学生在准备参加高考（资料照片）</span></div><div> </div><div><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">香港</span><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;"> — 中国数百万高中生这个月参加了竞争激烈的全国高考，高考被认为是不论身家背景，让优秀学生进入一流大学的最好机会。但是一起涉及大学官员的贿赂丑闻却让人质疑，高考是否真是进入大学的唯一途径。</span><br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;">每年6月，中国媒体都连篇累牍地报道考生们如何努力学习，紧张准备高考。竞争激烈的高考决定考生能进入哪一所大学。对中国这样一个看重教育、把教育视为提高社会地位途径的国家，高考成绩是学生挤入一流大学的关键。</span><br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是今年，就在900万考生准备竞争700万个大学名额之际，媒体突出报道了知名大学的贪腐丑闻。</span><br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;">最令人关注的一个案例是北京人民大学前招生处处长蔡荣生涉嫌收受贿赂，让学生不经高考进入该校。蔡荣生被控收取超过一百五十万美元的贿赂，在招生过程中对考生提供非法“帮助”。</span><br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;">蔡荣生收贿案让人再次关注在严格高考体制外，所谓的特殊类型招生。</span><br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;">香港大学研究中国教育政策学者杨瑞说:“高考提供了数百万考生一个机会，在70年代末的门户开放政策后改变了中国。但是，越来越多学者和政府官员了解到高考并不是真正的公平。许多城市学生比农村学生享有优势，比如他们的学校教育，还有单靠成绩，并不能说明学生的整体表现。”</span><br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;">于是一些大学开始允许以课外表现作为大约百分之五的新生招生依据。</span><br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;">这种特殊类型招生原本是希望能提供大学更多弹性，招收一些高考成绩不理想但极有天赋的学生，或者是因为受限于地区名额无法与城市学生公平竞争的考生。</span><br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;">着重于教育研究的非政府组织–21世纪教育研究协会的副会长熊丙奇说，但是“特招入学”使得管理者拥有太多不受监管的权力。他说：“比如，本来每招一个学生，他应该是从中学的推荐，到大学的毕业调查，面试考察，还有就是最后的录取，他都有一个完备的程序的。”</span><br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;">熊丙奇说，这套程序已经被拥有招生权力的官员所劫持了。</span><br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;">有关当局明令禁止利用招生入学换取金钱和好处。中国教育部今年早些时候发文，敦促大学招生更加透明并受到监管。</span><br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;">熊丙奇说：“国家也希望采取这种要求每个学校的校长，对招生处的负责人，纳入一个考核体系的鉴别，但目前看来这个还是缺乏一种权威有效的制约机制。”</span><br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;">学术界丑闻使得对富人和有权人在很多领域享有特权越来越反感的中国民众更加不满。</span><br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;">中国国家主席习近平决心遏制贪腐。他向政府各个部门、国有企业以及大学派出特别调查人员。</span><br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;">这一行动导致针对政府官员的指控达到空前规模。但是批评人士认为，习近平的行动并没有改革滋生贪腐的、权力不受制约的体制。</span><br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;">香港大学研究中国教育政策的学者杨瑞说：“习近平当局非常有决心要反腐，但是反腐要反多深，多远还是一个问题。这是很多中国人问的问题。”</span><br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /> <br style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; background-color: #ffffff;">杨瑞指出，最困难的部分是，腐败已经扩散到中国社会的各个领域和层面，而习近平不能把整个国家和绝大多数人当成敌人对待。</span><br /> </div><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 15.454545021057129px; line-height: 22px; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-size: 15px;"><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; color: #717070; padding: 0px 0px 6px; margin: 0px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 15px;"></div><p style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; color: #717070; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; font-size: 11px; line-height: 11px;"><br /></p></div><div id="ctl00_ctl00_cpAB_cp1_cbcContentBreak" style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 15px;"><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 135px; font-size: 15px;"></div></div></div>