《萊比錫的燭光》後記

<div style="border:none;border-bottom:solid #C2C285 1.0pt;padding:0cm 0cm 4.0pt 0cm;background: white;margin-left:0cm;margin-right:18.85pt"><p align="center" style="margin-right: 0cm; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><br /></p><div></div> <p align="center" style="margin-right: 0cm; text-indent: 20pt; border: none; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><br /></p> <div style="border-style: none none solid; border-bottom-color: #c2c285; border-bottom-width: 1pt; padding: 0in 0in 3pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 18.85pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><em><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;color:#0070C0;">&#8220;人最重要的特徵是他的宗教信仰&#8221;,這是求索上下幾千年,觀察人類文明各類領銜人物的英國哲學家托馬斯&#8226;卡萊爾(</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;color:#0070C0;">Thomas Carlyle)的觀點,他認為不論從何種意義上說,這話都不過分。我認為,這句話也適於區分不同的人類共同體&#8212;&#8212;社群、社會或國家。而面對上個世紀製造人類最大災難的全球共產主義國家,這種區分在社會學意義上,尤其重要。但是這種區分至今未能得到足夠的重視。</span></em></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">萊比錫週一燭光遊行是一千年以來世界歷史上最重要事件之一,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">10月9日是它的起點。這一行動何以引發如此巨變?人們從未停止過對這一事件的回顧和感慨、分析和研究。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">較為一致的認知是,&#8220;不要暴力&#8221;是萊比錫週一遊行的和平革命信條,它最終總導致了東德崩潰。弗瑞爾牧師也強調,耶穌教導的和平方式消解了當局開槍的藉口,成全了</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">10月9號的遊行:諾大的城市裏七萬多人遊行,&#8220;一塊玻璃都沒打破&#8221;,&#8220;當所有人都保持和平而沒有挑釁時,你還能做什麼?&#8221;但是相對於萊比錫,北京市當時人口是萊比錫人口的兩倍多(1000萬),中國民運期間,北京人上街100多萬,是萊比錫10月9日遊行人數的14倍以上,而且運動持續時間不是幾小時,是兩個月。北京不僅一塊玻璃都沒打破,小偷流氓也自覺罷&#8220;業&#8221;,學生幫助維持交通&#8230;&#8230;同樣是和平行動,中國軍隊開了槍。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">人們也總結說,媒體的報導至關重要,比如從尼古拉教堂鐘樓頂拍攝的</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">10月9日和平遊行的場景,就起到了推波助瀾的作用。但同年的中國民運,有全世界的媒體競相報導,北京三界(知識界、文化節、新聞界)甚至聯合主辦了一份非官方新聞快訊,雖然短命,畢竟專門報導廣場的消息,人民日報短短一天的相關報導,更引發了各大城市的波瀾壯闊的抗議運動,中國軍隊依然開了槍。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">也有論斷指出,東德知名階層的&#8220;六人聲明&#8221;,呼籲對立雙方和平理性,是這場和平革命的關鍵。可是同年中國民主訴求中,從自由知識人到體制內改革派,幾乎所有知名人士都出場了,發表聲明、召開會議、提出呼籲、站台演說、上傳下達、左右溝通&#8230;&#8230;全都倡導和平理性非暴力,努力之甚,遠遠超過東德六君子,中國軍隊依然開了槍。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;color:#203646">萊比錫人認為:</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:SimSun;color:#203646">&#8220;政權武力鎮壓週一遊行變為不可能實施的計劃&#8221;,原因是&#8220;那些遊行者們清晰地代表行業廣泛的人口&#8221;。然而北京的和平示威人群行業更廣泛,甚至無業人口和政府各機關部委,以及幾乎所有官方媒體都上街了,中國軍隊照樣開了槍。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">人們不無正確地指出,面臨武力鎮壓,東德公民的勇氣是推翻柏林牆最重要的基石。可是大軍壓境,北京市民曾經統統站在坦克軍車面前勸退,甚至以肉身阻止鋼鐵行進,勇氣不輸東德人,中國軍隊仍舊開了槍。 </span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">分析家指出:蘇聯領導集團對東德鎮壓決策的疏離,是東德當局最終放棄鎮壓的前提。可是中國當局沒有後台,也不需要一個無論什麼樣的後台,就直接下達了開槍命令。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">歐洲成功的經驗在中國全部只是教訓。中國失敗的鮮血,流到歐洲幾個月之後,大面積地催開了自由花朵。歐洲不是中國,我只能不斷思考中國</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">49年淪陷之後,繼續堅持淪陷,一次次錯過得救機會的理由。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">比如勇氣這個人性奇蹟,它如寒冰可凝可化一樣,可鼓可洩,所以它並非最終救贖地。雖萬古綱常在,天地有正氣,但自古慷概赴死易,從容負重難。在失敗的日子裏,或面對漫長不退的困境絕境,眾勇可以煙消雲散,孤勇也能斷為碎片。有鑑於人性之弱,弗瑞爾牧師指出,唯有信仰,可以保持勇氣在不斷更新中長存:&#8220;上帝是人的堅固保障&#8221;。美國牧師楊腓力正確地指出:</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun">&#8220;事實上,全東德所有的抗議游行都是這種方式:始于崇拜!&#8221;</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">回看歷史,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:SimSun">萊比錫點燃穿透極權邪惡的燭光,不是偶然的。</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">經過十九世紀人類理性的質疑和圍攻,新教和天主教從中世紀的宗教迷霧中脫穎而出,擔當起抗衡人類強權本性的天職。早在十九世紀末,在階級斗爭學說從德國轉入俄國之前,羅馬天主教教宗奧利(</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">Leo)十三世就針對文藝復興以來歐洲面臨的政治社會歧途和社會改革的世俗要求,發表過人道主義的諫言。在他發布的《新事物通諭》(</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Rerum Novarum</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">1891</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">)中,為私有財產和宗教教育辯護;在強調工人的自由結社權力和公正待遇的同時,他譴責社會主義和馬克思主義,否認階級沖突是社會的自然狀態;在支持保護勞動者的法律法規的同時,他反對以個人利益為前提使用暴力革命手段;在強調富人與窮人在相互尊重的基礎上和平共處的同時,他呼吁現代社會以共利資本與勞工、業主和農戶、領導與被領導等全體階層的和諧社會為目標。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun">歷史邁過二十世紀門檻,歐洲人類為政治意識形態、社會達爾文主義、新帝國主義、物質主義、環境主義、性別政治等眾多&#8220;主義&#8221;所驅使,幾乎把信仰當作一個破舊家具,踹出家門,拎進垃圾,導致虛無主義開始釀造當代迷魂美酒。但是在上個世紀人類災難性的生活中,歐洲基督教依然扮演舉足輕重的角色,代表黑暗現實中歷史文明的曙光。二戰時期,罪源地德國,基督教是納粹最終不能徹底征服并始終堅持反抗的團體。冷戰時期的整個東歐,共產極權制度最有力的反對主體乃是羅馬天主教,與當局形成尖銳對立的,首先是無分社會地位的信仰階層,其次才是以經濟和物質財富為區分標誌的社會各利益集團。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun">為保證極權統治下宗教信仰自由、教會學校的權利,以及加入教會和建立教堂等權利,羅馬天主教發布過一系列規定。意味深長的是,這樣做的動力,並不是個人功利前提下個體自發的利益訴求,而是公義福祉基礎上富于奉獻和犧牲精神的抗議行動。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">回到柏林牆的坍塌,除了弗瑞爾牧師持之以恆、超越功利,不計成敗的行為方式,不能迴避</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun">的另一個問題是:何以東德當局子彈上了膛,卻臨陣不開槍?</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">東德全地信仰文化土厚水深,即便在信仰人口下降趨勢中,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">2006年的相關統計資料表明,德國最大的的信徒群體,基督教群體,依然佔人口的67.07%,而沒有宗教信仰者只佔總人口的26.3%,這其中還包括屬於小規模信仰的人口。而在此前共產黨統治的40年間,經常去教堂並保持宗教熱情的人大為減少,每週至少一次參加禮拜的東德人在各地平均只佔人口的5%,但這四十年不足以使東德人心中的信仰斬草除根,東歐那些依然挺立的教堂為證。德國文學泰斗歌德指出的那個&#8220;公開的秘密&#8221;始終存在。這個&#8220;公開的秘密&#8221;就是:大千自然時時向人類昭示造物主的存在,但由於人類對之習以為常、視而不見,這個真理就成了一個特殊的秘密,一個光天化日之下的公開的秘密。絕大部分東德人始終沒有忘記它的存在,造物主種植在人心中的良知並未走遠,一到夜深、人自面壁時,尤其在歷史與人生的緊要關頭,它就窗戶進來,在人性底線的閘門口,敲響最後審判的驚堂木,震醒黨徒們奄奄一息的靈魂,使無所畏懼的行屍走肉變成有所畏懼的人。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">東德潛在的罪犯因此有一條退路,如果他們真的懺悔,放棄作惡,公義的力量也是寬恕海洋,因為這力量來自教堂而不是戰場,他們的&#8220;利器&#8221;是燭火而不是武器。弗瑞爾牧師在教堂門口怎麼對示威者們說的?&#8220;愛你的敵人&#8221;!&#8220;我們只是為他們禱告。&#8221;</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">在一個虔信宗教的社會裏,人的自我意識的前提,人關於自我定義的基礎,是&#8220;尊重個人整體生存上的人性地位,而不是只把人當作一個政治個體或經濟個體。&#8221;(前美國國國家安全顧問吉比格紐&#183;布裡辛斯基</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Zbigniew Brzezinski</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">語)。以人性為核心定義的個體,從思維方式到行為方式,從感受方式到認知方式,都不同於政治動物或經濟動物。先於權力,無分朝野,這種定義,意味著廣義的普遍的人性的存在,它能使一個社會在墮入萬劫不覆的地獄之前三思而止步。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">馬克思主義從思想變成一種社會運動之初,如艾略特所說,&#8220;每個人都在尋找一個完美的社會,好讓他們在其中毋需為善&#8221;,這種運動到最後,如楊腓力所言,使的&#8220;這個社會離開完美甚遠,而他們的人民卻已忘記了善良&#8221;。大陸社會何止離開了完美!我們的同胞何止忘記了行善!索忍尼辛傾注了近半個世紀的心血,讀了數百部著述,收集了數百人見證,撰寫了八部書稿,研究中國老大哥蘇聯的十月革命,清理革命的廢墟,他再三說:如果讓他簡要總結蘇聯災難和整個二十世紀災難性世紀的原因,唯一最準確的描述就是:人們忘記了上帝。&#8220;惡意的無神論&#8221;是馬克思主義的核心價值,索忍尼辛正確地指出:&#8220;</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">世界以前從未經驗過組織化、軍事化的馬克思主義所實踐的那種頑強惡意的無神論。在馬克思和列寧的哲學體系及其他們的核心價值裡,仇視上帝是其主要驅動力,這比他們所有的政治與經濟偽裝更根本。在共產當的政策中,好戰的無神論不只是偶然的或邊緣性的,它不是一種副作用,它是其中心支點。&#8221;&#8212;&#8212;</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">如果說馬克思主義登上歷史舞台,在終極意義上就是唯物主義(物質主義)和無神論登上歷史舞台,在終極結果上就是人類心智道德的敗壞和精神與靈魂的墮落,那麼,馬克思主義及其社會形態的退場,就應當是無神論及其孿生兄弟虛無主義、功利主義的退場。</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">消解這種邪惡勢力的能量,就應當來自宗教信仰,來自超越世俗功利的道德價值與精神力量。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">這是一種信仰者心魄和靈魂的力量,一種我們至今陌生的力量。全世界</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: SimSun; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">85%以上的人類有信仰,其中基督教信仰人口最多,而我們受無神論影響,對此現象习惯于一言以蔽之:&#8220;迷信&#8221;。我們抹去自己被造的痕迹并铲除造物主,信奉經驗事實并遮蔽精神空間,白天把柴米油鹽醬醋吃喝拉撒住行虛名利祿戴在頭頂,畫上名牌,晚上把這些勞什子掖在被角,奉為忠貞不渝的神明和情人。我們不知信仰和形而上為何物,失去了思考和認知這類問題的語言,我们很難明白以下兩個事實:信仰的力量不同於物質力量或肉體力量,不會使你砍掉一個腦袋,再長出一個來,不能做形而下的解讀(類似義和拳宣揚的刀槍不入),它是精神的力量,通過影響人的信念價值、思維方式和感受方式,來影響人的行為方式。其次,它的力量不是表象之力或世俗之力,不能做實用主義的利用和極端功利主義的解讀(類似祈禱天上掉餡餅),你若不深入了解案情而拿一本聖經去出庭辯護肯定失敗。信仰是生活的基石,表現為人的生存方式,如索忍尼辛論述歷史上東正教之於俄羅斯民族一樣,它是一種&#8220;</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">思維模式的和我們人民性格的一部分,一種日常生活的形式,一種工作日曆,各項事業的優先重點,每年每週的組織。信仰是這個國家民族的整體和凝聚力&#8221;。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">&#8220;</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">人最重要的特徵是他的宗教信仰&#8221;,</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">這是求索上下幾千年,觀察人類文明各類領銜人物的英國哲學家托馬斯&#183;卡萊爾(</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">Thomas Carlyle</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">)的觀點,他認為</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">不論從何種意義上說,這話都不過分。</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">我認為,這個特徵之有無,也適於區分不同的人類共同體&#8212;&#8212;社群、社會或國家。而對於各共產主義國家,這種區分,即相同意識形態下的不同精神結構和信仰背景情況,在社會學意義上尤其重要。但是這種區分至今未能得到足夠的重視。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;color:#222222">萊比錫的燭光印證了人類逐出伊甸園之後的自我修復能力。仰望頭頂的星空,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">良心不會發霉;汲取超人之力,勇氣不會消解;信守道德戒律,文明可能延續;向基督救贖的權威敞開心扉,超越邏輯,奇蹟可能降臨。萊比錫的燭光</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">也許可以提供一種思路,思考下列問題:為何八九民運在中國社會失敗,在東德社會(乃至東歐社會)成功?為何民主浪潮在中國社會遇事鋪天蓋地,轉眼間便化為烏有,而在東德社會則能持之以恆,不計成敗,堅韌不拔?為何子彈在中國上了堂,順理成章地扣動了扳機,而在東德上堂後,竟然在最後一刻放棄開搶?</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">必須說明一點,此文落筆之際,一種莫名的犯規感如影隨形:週一和平祈禱和遊行的參與者們無疑各自懷有具體的政治訴求和直接的目的衝動,但是弗瑞爾牧師主持這項行動並非著眼於世俗之功才這樣去做,他也不是在發動和從事一種政治活動,否則,這項活動不可能堅持七年之久,直到完成上帝的拼圖。我写此文虽然意在看取東歐鐵幕成功落下的文化與精神背景,研究它的第一推動力,倡導其非功利主義救贖精神。但撰文的動機去不免還有功利色彩:為要獲得成功,必須不計成敗。但是當我們把不計功利的行為方式訴諸於爭取功利的目的時,它就從形而上的良知高度蛻變為一種形而下的功利手段,從精神道德的高度降格為一種運動策略或政治智慧,從而損害了信仰的品格。怎麼辦?</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">至此,我發現我面臨的矛盾比奧威爾寫作時遇到的&#8220;美學熱情&#8221;與&#8220;歷史衝動&#8221;的矛盾深刻些,選擇也更艱難:奧威爾不過是在寫作的文學審美與歷史真實這一對矛盾之間做選擇,無論如何,他可以二者擇其一,繼續寫下去,選擇的結果無非是好或不好的區別;而此文的麻煩在於闖進了&#8220;第十二條軍規&#8221;,面臨&#8220;二律背反&#8221;的困境;為要介紹源自基督精神的超功利救世態度,必然落入功利主義圈套,而為要擺脫這個圈套,則只有罷筆。選擇的結果,是有或無的區別。即便選擇寫,此文由於違背所介紹的超功利精神,有自殺嫌疑。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">為什麼我依然冒著褻瀆神聖之險,將此文勉力寫成?三個理由。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">一,在犯規感之外,還有一種責任感無法讓渡:我很難允許自己看見中國的絕症,而不提供已知的治療方案供時代參考。絕不止於&#8220;尝居是山,不忍見耳&#8221;:故國不是他鄉,我也不是客居那裡的鸚鵡。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">二,通觀近半個多世紀的世界人類精神運動走向,持續百多年宗教宣導的靈魂救贖主題,已經向各類社會主題轉向,即,由關注靈魂與天上的事,轉而關注地面的社會問題了。這種轉向顯然這是由於人類在上個世紀後半葉遭遇民族獨立、意識形態衝突、極權專制統治、物質主義的嚴峻挑戰,面對各類相應的社會問題而導致的。換句話說,這是宗教世界代表世俗社會迎接社會問題的挑戰的結果。對此,五十年代初叛逃西方的波蘭諾貝爾文學獎得主切</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">斯勞&#183;米洛什(</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%">Czeslaw Milosz</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">)不以為然,他不無</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">正確地評論說:</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">&#8220;能發揮社會功能的宗教信仰,並不等於層次更深的精神生活,而且往往是在精神生活欠缺的時候特別發達。&#8221;事實上,這種從天上轉向地面的傾向,確實偏離了個體的靈魂救贖。但是,如果為了追求天堂的幸福而把地面放手交給魔鬼,人類最終可能連一個教堂也無法留下,個人救贖和精神生活就更無從談起了。在世界基督教主流社會選擇迎戰世俗專制極權時,面對精神道德沉淪到底的故國,沒有理由羨慕那些把自己關在教堂門裏,只顧自己升天,不管他人下獄的信徒。我認為,在&#8220;精神生活特別欠缺的時侯&#8221;,教堂的鐘聲持續衝向社會,響徹大地,正是人類自我拯救的希望。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">第三,在事實</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">大白於天下的時候,其意義是需要詮釋的。平心而論,在我的感受和認知中,萊比錫燭光的意義,最重要的不是成功,而是持守;不是功利主義的或非功利的,而是超功利的。在七年的堅守之後,即便沒有發生最後一個月的突變,萊比錫的燭光依然象徵人類精神的標高,是一個民族注定不會倒下、最終獲得拯救的象徵。如果中國人人不僅有</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">殺人復仇求公義之勇,也有被殺獻祭救贖之勇;不僅有暴動之勇,更有維護和平之勇;不僅有風口浪尖之勇,更有甘於寂寞之勇;不僅有爭取成功之勇,還有敢於失敗之勇;不僅有領銜萬千人之勇,還有&#8220;雖千萬人,吾往矣&#8221;之勇,中國民族能倒下嗎?中國能不全勝而獲救嗎?&#8212;&#8212;此文</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">雖然動機不免有功利色彩而&#8220;不純&#8221;,我依然希望讀者在這篇敘述力求真實的文字中,不只看見成功的歡樂,更能看見不計成敗的持守,及其背後的原因。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">此文起筆於</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: SimSun;">2010年12月12日。此前,東歐和平革命與天安門民主運動之間聯繫的模式尚不清晰,由於萊比錫萌誓的燭光在V字型的慶典與歡樂中隱退,弗瑞爾牧師的資訊遠未穿過大西洋臨照東方。我最初是從美國作家、《今日基督教》 </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Christianity Today</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">特約編輯楊腓力(</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: &quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Philip Yancey</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">)的著作 《克里姆林宮的鐘聲》(</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Praying With The KGB</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:SimSun;">)中首度獲悉此文題詣的。尤記得閱讀時的驚訝和掩卷之後心中的地震。地震持續不斷,隔年後終於提筆寫此文,時間精力所限,隨即一擱三年有半,直到今年中國八九六四</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">25週年前夕,再度開機上鍵,重新開始,卻因身不由己捲入華府祭奠活動,再度中斷。我們在自由世界的首都送哀音楊起,臨鮮花折獻&#8230;&#8230;,祭日過後,工餘攢空繼續吭哧努力,竟在筆墨正酣的6月末,傳來了弗瑞爾牧師去世的消息。繼裏根、索爾仁尼琴、劉賓雁、哈維爾、格拉斯基之後,又一位聖賢般的人物從我的身邊我的視野矢然而逝。現在此文終於截稿,收筆處,心思滯重如故國污染的江流。錯過了中國八九25週年,不期然迎來德國八九25週年。&#8220;八九&#8221;是萊比錫的慶典、歐洲的節日,&#8220;八九&#8221;是北京的祭日、中國又一個傷心地。25年的中國八九,更其黯淡。此刻初秋深夜,窗外雨聲淅瀝,鳥聲蛙鳴風鈴雁鳴一概靜了,只有昆蟲在遠處大放悲聲&#8230;&#8230;。</span></p><div>&nbsp;</div><div><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2014/Oct/104201423.jpg" width="559" height="664" alt="" />&nbsp;</div></div><div style="border-style: none none solid; border-bottom-color: #c2c285; border-bottom-width: 1pt; padding: 0in 0in 4pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 18.85pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p align="center" style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 20pt; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#0070C0;">圖</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#0070C0;">23. 2014年6月30日,被譽為&#8220;和平革命之父&#8221;的克里斯蒂安&#183;弗瑞爾牧師因肺病與世長辭。2014年7月7日,他的告別與葬禮儀式在尼古拉教堂舉行,包括馬祖爾在內的當地宗教界、政界、藝術界要人等1500人出席。下午兩點,尼古拉教堂響起了鐘聲,在莊嚴肅穆、</span></p> <p align="center" style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 20pt; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#0070C0;">溫馨感人的告別儀式後,他的棺木抬出教堂,埋葬在他童年生長之地,朗根柳巴(</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-family:SimSun;color:#0070C0;">Langenleuba)叢林高地中。圖片選自Bildplus</span></p> <p align="center" style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 20pt; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 21pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; color: #333333; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">————————————-</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22.1pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: SimSun;">《萊比錫的燭光》主要參考資料:</span></strong><strong></strong></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">1</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,&#8221;</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Christian F</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">&#252;</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">hrer- The fall of the Berlin Wall, The Story of Liberty</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:SimSun;">&#8221;</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">, made by TheStoryofLiberaty.net, 2014</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">年</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> 3</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">月</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">13</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">日</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">2, </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">&#8220;</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">The events in fall 1989</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">&#8221;</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: &quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">, By&nbsp; Rev. C. F</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">&#252;</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: &quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">hrer, &#169; 2014 Nikolaikirche Leipzig, powered by Netzideen GmbH und Joomla!</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">3</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&#8220;Protest Leipzig 1989&#8221; by Christian F&#252;hrer&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jASlH-3409g"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color:blue;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jASlH-3409g</span></a></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">4</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">The Rev. Christian Fuhrer Extended Interview</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> R&amp;E Religion&amp; Fthics Newsweekly November 6, 2009</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">5</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&#8220;Returns to 1989&#8221; by John Simpson. From BBC</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Saturday, November 07, 2009</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">6</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Interview With Conductor Kurt Masur: \’The Spirit of 1989 Has Been Exhausted\'</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Interview conducted by Joachim Kronsbein and Katja Thimm</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: &quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> Spiegel Online INTERNATIONAL, October 12, 2010</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><a href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/interview-with-conductor-kurt-masur-the-spirit-of-1989-has-been-exhausted-a-721851.html"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue;">http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/interview-with-conductor-kurt-masur-the-spirit-of-1989-has-been-exhausted-a-721851.html</span></a></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">7</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&#8220;</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">做對一件事,這就夠了</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&#8221;</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> Posted by Elvis&nbsp; Sunday, May 30, 2010 http://following-the-wind.blogspot.com/2010_05_01_archive.html</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">8</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> &#8220;The&nbsp;Monday demonstrations in East Germany in 1989 and 1990&#8221;</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">維基百科</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">9</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,《</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Beyond the Wall: Germany\’s Road to Unification</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">》</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">by Elizabeth Pond , Brookings Institution Press,&nbsp;Dec 1, 2010 / </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">什么推倒了柏林墙?</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">by lizabeth Pond ,from </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">美国《基督教科学箴言报》</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">2009</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">年</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">10</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">月</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">8</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">日</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">10</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span> <a href="http://gadling.com/2010/12/10/stasi-museum-in-leipzig-40-years-of-spying-and-terror/" title="Stasi Museum in Leipzig: 40 Years of Spying and Terror"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue;">Stasi Museum in Leipzig: 40 Years of Spying and Terror</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> by&nbsp;</span><a href="http://gadling.com/author/lillian-africano/"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; color:blue;">Lillian Africano</span></a><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&nbsp;on&nbsp;Dec 10, 2010 </span><a href="http://gadling.com/2010/12/10/stasi-museum-in-leipzig-40-years-of-spying-and-terror/"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue;">http://gadling.com/2010/12/10/stasi-museum-in-leipzig-40-years-of-spying-and-terror/</span></a></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">11</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> &#8220;&#8216;We Are the People\’,A Peaceful Revolution in Leipzig&#8221;By Andrew Curry in Leipzig, Spiegel Online Internetional 10/09/2009&nbsp; </span><a href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/we-are-the-people-a-peaceful-revolution-in-leipzig-a-654137.html"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue;">http://www.spiegel.de/international/germany/we-are-the-people-a-peaceful-revolution-in-leipzig-a-654137.html</span></a></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">12</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">李﹒達菲爾德</span>&nbsp;<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">ee Richard Duffield</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: &quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&#8220;1989</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">:從天安門到柏林牆</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&#8221;</span><strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span></strong><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> BBC Chinese.com 009</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">年</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">05</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">月</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">28</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">日</span> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">格林尼治標準時間</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">10:14</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:SimSun;">北京時間</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">11</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Photo Gallery: Leipzig\’s Peaceful Revolution by&nbsp; Spiegel Online , </span><a href="http://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/fotostrecke-47591.html"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:blue;">http://www.spiegel.de/fotostrecke/fotostrecke-47591.html</span></a></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">13</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> &#8220; </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Pulling the Curtain down: An Introduction to the Role of the East German Protestant Church in the Peaceful Revolution of 1989&#8221;,&nbsp; by&nbsp; Stephen Lazarus, April 6, 1992.&nbsp; Many to Many Issue 3 February 1993</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">14, </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">《開槍還是不開槍</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&#8226; </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: SimSun;">中國與東歐的後極權主義》(</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">To Shoot or Not To Shoot &#8226; Posttotalitarianism in China and Eastern Europe</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">)《比較政治學》</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">2001</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">年第</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">34</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">卷第</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">1</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">期。作者:馬克</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&#8226;R&#8226;</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">湯姆森(</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Mark R. Thompson</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:SimSun;">)埃爾朗根</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">-</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">紐倫堡大學政治系教授,翻譯:譯者團隊</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">.</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">譯文發布:</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">2012</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">年</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">6</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">月</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">4</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">日</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">15</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,張哲</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&#8220;</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">永別了,史塔西!</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&#9472;&#9472; </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">參訪前東德祕密警察總部</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&#8221;</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,《南方周末》</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&nbsp; 2010-02-10 http://www.infzm.com/content/41425</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">16</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&#8220;Stasi</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">The Untold Story of the East German Secret Police&#8221; By JOHN O. KOEHLER Westview Press</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">REVENGE VERSUS THE RULE OF LAW</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: &quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> Books The New York Times https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/k/koehler-stasi.html</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">17</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,周蕾</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&nbsp; &#8220;</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">不相信奇蹟,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: SimSun;">就不是現實主義者</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: SimSun;">專訪克裏斯蒂安.富勒爾牧師</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&#8221;,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">《新紀元》第</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">147</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">期</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">2009/11/12</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">18</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,北明《柏林牆始末》,原載《民主中國》</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">1998</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">年</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">3</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">月第</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">60</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">期、</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> 4</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family: SimSun;">月第</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">61</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">期。</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">19</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,何在《大牆下的日記》柏林,</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">&#8212;&#8212;</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">全世界最歡樂的城市,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">1989-11-10&nbsp; http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/articlelist_1613225382_0_3.html</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">20</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,楊腓力(</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Philip Yancey</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">)《克裏姆林宮的鐘聲》(</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Praying With The KGB</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:SimSun;">),李永成等譯,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">2002</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">年</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">5</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">月臺灣校園書房出版社出版</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">21</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,亞歷山大&#183;索忍尼辛</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">1983</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">年在英國敦普來頓的演講《人類忘記了上帝》(</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;"> &#8220;Men Have Forgotten God&#8221; &#8211; The Templeton Address</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, 1983</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height: 150%;font-family:SimSun;">)</span></p> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">22</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">,《世紀末&#183;偉大心靈對我們這個時代的反思》(</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">At Century&#8217;s End</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">Nathan P. Gardels</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%; font-family:SimSun;">主編,薛絢譯。立緒文化事業有限公司民國</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">86</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">年(公元</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">1997</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">年)</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;">7</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:150%;font-family:SimSun;">月初版。</span></p> </div> <div style="border-style: none none solid; border-bottom-color: #c2c285; border-bottom-width: 1pt; padding: 0in 0in 3pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 18.85pt; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"> <p style="margin-right: 0in; text-indent: 22pt; line-height: 150%; border: none; padding: 0in; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;">&nbsp;</p> </div> </div>