劉賓雁的遺產( 上篇)

<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">編者按:此文系作者王康先生1996年應邀為《</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁紀念文集》而作。篇幅所限,在文集中發表時有所刪節。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">為紀念劉賓雁先生逝世九週年,</span>本刊將該文未刪節版全文發表(分三部分連載)。<br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;我是鳳凰,只在火裡歌唱!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;冰的篝火;火的噴泉!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;我高高地豎起我自己高高的身軀,</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;我高高地舉起我自己高高的</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;交談者和繼承者的天職!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&#8212;&#8212;[俄]瑪琳娜&#8226;茨維塔耶娃</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;二十世紀下半葉,世界上出現了一次影響深遠的歷史進程:蘇聯、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國等國生活在共產主義鐵幕後面的億萬男女,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">開始重新審視自己的命運,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">開始投身一場攸關人類安危禍福的自由解放運動。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這是西方宗教改革、文藝復興、啟蒙運動、法國和美國革命以來,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">另一半球上無數生靈穿越另一種中世紀黑暗,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">復活自己本性與尊嚴並轉向現代文明的偉大進軍。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;這一次世界性的啟蒙與復興運動,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">繼承著五百年前歐洲精神革新的偉大傳統,同樣波瀾壯闊,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">艱苦卓絕,驚天地泣鬼神,卻不是它異時異地的簡單重復。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這次同樣求取人類生命目的的歷史進程,面臨的處境更為詭異復雜,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">它要實現的理想更為高遠。如果共產極權社會裡自由遲遲不能實現,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">以至人們寧願忍受專制,放棄對神聖理想的追求,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">甚至覺得專制奴役只要不太嚴酷,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">也許比把一切委托給個人的自由選擇,更符合天道與人情,那麼,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">世界將永遠一半光明,一半黑暗,後者固然可悲,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">前者未必真正幸福。&#8212;&#8212;人類的偉大本性已再次得到印證:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">自由和幸福必須是普世性的,救贖和福音必須及於每一個人。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">昊天垂降於在浩瀚宇宙中孤獨運行的這個高級物種以最善的恩典、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">最高的啟示:人類命運不可分割。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;從世界精神的總體時空結構看,蘇聯、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國出現的現代極權國家制度,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">其精神源頭之一正是從歐洲文藝復興和啟蒙運動喚起的巨大覺醒和希</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">望裡分孽出來的近代世界兩大思潮:社會主義和民族主義。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在幅員遼闊、人口眾多、專制統治根深蒂固的東方各國,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">歐洲近代文明的精華&#8212;&#8212;自由、平等、獨立、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">博愛以建基於個人權益之上的制度設計,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">幾乎必然蛻化為某種整體主義和共同意志,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">演變成一項鄙俗粗野卻擁有巨大歷史正義的普遍權利,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">凝固成馬基雅維裡式的暴民社會和成吉思汗式的暴君統治,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">最後泛濫成一種新的千禧福音,聲稱唯有它才真正解決了&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">人和自然界之間,人和人之間的矛盾&#8221;,終結了&#8220;存在和本質,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">對像化和自我確證,自由和必然,個體和類之間的鬥爭&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">從而標志著人類從自私渺小墮落孤絕的&#8220;史前時代&#8221;走向&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">人性全面復歸&#8221;和&#8220;所有人自由&#8221;的黃金時代。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;兩次世界大戰、殖民體系崩潰、冷戰和西方內部的文明危機,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">適時而有力地促成了共產極權制度作為非西方國家道路選擇和世界戰</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">略定位的某種歷史宿命。事實上,整整兩代人時間中,東、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">西方之間,專制與民主,獨裁與自由,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">共產主義與反共產主義之間的世界性逐鹿,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">勝負興亡的優勢並不總在後者一邊。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 人類在核浩劫的夢魘籠罩中,面對集體毀滅啟示錄般的清晰圖景,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">顫栗觳觫,本能滋生出空前恐怖的虛無主義和末世感。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">它們大幅消解著千百年來被遵奉被踐行的基本信條,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">人性和文明本身遭到傾覆性毀謗。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">曾經維系並改善了世界的傳統價值體系幾乎土崩瓦解。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這是人類文明史上未曾出現過的全球性禮崩樂壞時代,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">一切關於理想、殉道和救贖的言行,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">所有曾經支撐和激勵人們走向永恆自由和無限光明的奮鬥精神,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">似乎都只剩下已經逝去的微茫回音,露出吉凶難蔔的黯澹前景。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;人類現代命運一度系於已獲自由國家對文明的堅守和承諾,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">更深刻、更重大的轉機,則始於共產主義國家中緩慢而堅定、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">苦難而英勇的自由進程。與曾經點燃了近代人類自由火炬的但丁、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">哥白尼、路德、彌爾頓、洛克、伏爾泰、康德、雨果、潘恩、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">傑佛遜等西方先驅遙相呼應,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">共產主義世界也為現代人類貢獻了自己的精神英雄:索爾仁尼琴、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">薩哈羅夫、茨維塔耶娃、帕斯捷爾納克、阿馬利裡克、麥德維傑夫、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">阿夫托爾哈諾夫、吉拉斯、柯拉科夫斯基、瓦文薩、哈維爾、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">戈爾巴喬夫&#8230;&#8230;,以及中國的劉賓雁。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 上 篇</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;如果聖徒們呼喚我:</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&#8220;你丟下俄羅斯,到天堂裡來生活!&#8221;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;我就說:&#8220;我不要天堂,</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;我只要我的祖國。&#8221;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&#8212;&#8212;【俄】謝爾蓋&#8226;亞歷山大羅維奇&#8226;葉賽寧</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;由於東正教傳統、地緣關系和大批使徒、先知的奮鬥,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">俄國經過七十四年血流成河的苦難歷程,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">終於掙脫了共產主義的鎖鏈和屍衣。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">專制主義開始在這個前歐亞帝國退潮,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">與蒼天同色的自由正在復活飽受折磨的俄羅斯靈魂。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">盡管還有無數變數,自由在俄羅斯的悲壯降臨,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">使地球上最遼闊的土地進入了歷史破曉時分,自由、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">光明和希望已開始把俄羅斯與西方連成一片。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;現在輪到中國了。世界救贖的路標明顯地指向了中國。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">占人類四分之一的最大生命共同體,何去何從,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">已經成為人類的共同關切。因為歷史傳統和文明的獨特,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">因為中國現代社會各種固有矛盾和外來思潮無出其右的&#8220;共時性&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">因為中國專制暴政特殊的歷史成因,因為若干內外偶然事變,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">因為自身的道德退化和精神淪喪,中國人對自由的向往和追求,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">困厄紛至。中國始終沒有來到那個歷史豁口:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">一場現代精神洗禮造就普遍的現代覺醒和現代意識,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不僅文化界精英、而且民眾和統治者們都超越出專制主義的樊籬。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國仍然停留在歐洲中世紀的歷史門檻內,無數人的苦難和拯救,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">還須以十字架的形式由個別殉道者來背負。雖然被人們在內心贊嘆、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">仰慕,但他們常常是在充滿苦難、孤獨、嘆息和失望的絕境中,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">履行自己的使命,以悲劇的目光和孤絕的姿態,背負中國的十字架。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;劉賓雁在這一歷程中,起身最早,走得最遠,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">留下了沉重而珍稀的遺產。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><div><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;</span></div><div><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;一</span></div><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;即使我們被無形的鎖鏈</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;永遠禁錮在異地的海岸,</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;我們仍應戴著鎖鏈獨自</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;完成神靈所描繪的循環。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&#8212;&#8212;弗拉基米爾&#8226;謝爾蓋耶維奇&#8226;索洛維耶夫</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1949年以後的中國,既是中國近、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">現代各種歷史力量錯綜影響、急劇變異的結果,又是世界現代歷史、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">尤其蘇俄十月革命在東亞延伸撞擊的直接產物。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">西方最激進的社會思潮經由嚴寒而專制的蘇俄傳輸並入主中國,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不僅是中國三千年未有之大變局的最大意外,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">也是世界歷史中獨一無二的異像。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;有五千年文明傳統的中國被從兩名俄國人(列寧、斯大林,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">其精神先驅是羅伯斯庇爾、梅特涅、魏特林、布朗基、黑格爾、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">馬克思等歐洲激進派和涅恰耶夫、巴枯寧、特卡切夫、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">拉甫洛夫等俄國民粹主義、無政府主義、暴力恐怖主義)</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">那裡引入的歷史哲學和世界意識所征服,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">建立起一個與自身數千年傳統和西方主流文明迥然不同的蘇俄式社會</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">制度和國家形態。這確實是一個新中國,新的政治、軍事、外交、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">經濟、法律制度,新的文化、風尚、道德、生活方式,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">新的統治和被統治者,新的命運和使命,新的苦難和罪惡。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;半個多世紀以來,中國人變得如此政治化,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">具有如此熱狂的天下關懷,成為舉世罕見的意識形態物種。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但關涉億萬中國人生死禍福的重大歷史現像和事件,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">卻是中國人最陌生最隔膜的國家機密,獨裁者秘不示人的統治法器。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國人對自身命運和家國天下知悉干預的天賦人權,長期被褫奪。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">歷史虛無主義對一個擁有悠久修史傳統和優良歷史記憶的民族的勝利</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">,並非某種歷史精神官能症(集體失憶等),而是貫穿幾代中國人、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">藐似隱秘無言實則慮心積累精心安排的結果。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;中國的特殊劫難在於,動輒數以萬計的性命無端消失後,幸存者、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">目擊者、親歷者通常要煎熬多年後,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">才從各種偶然機緣中窺見當年巨大慘劇之一角。而從哈佛到牛津,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">從白宮、艾麗舍宮到克裡姆林宮,西方和蘇俄政客、外交官、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">漢學家和中國通幾乎成了中國歷史的揭秘者,中國命運的預告人。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;歷史的嚴峻在於,如果沒有親身經歷漫長的磨難和巨量的冤苦,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">體驗令人窒息的無邊寂寞,任何純正的同情心和客觀理性,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">任何外來學說、主義、正教,都難以真正洞悉中國,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">都不可能導引中國走上大道。嚴酷的歷史邏輯是,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果中國人不能獨立完成自我認識和審判的工作,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不能正視自己的慘痛教訓,不能把自己的罪惡和荒誕記錄在檔,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不能完成必須的清算和審判,不能產生應有的懺悔和寬恕,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不能對自己的危機和凶兆敲響最後的警鐘,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這個民族就必定要墜入完全失控徹底崩潰的深淵,並禍及全世界。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國最詭譎的反諷是,中國最亟需最可貴的&#8220;認識你自己&#8221;的任務,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">卻是中國最敏感、最危殆、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">最充滿風險因而最需要勇氣和智慧的事業,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">其難度其意義並不亞於哥白尼對日心說、哥倫布對新大陸、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">愛因斯坦對質能互變、索爾仁尼琴對古拉格群島的發現。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;劉賓雁八十年生命的支點,六十余年文學創作的唯一母題,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">二十二年右派生涯的淵源和希望,八年&#8220;為人民寫作&#8221;的激情,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">以及十八年流亡歲月的心靈旨歸,都可一言以蔽之:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">發現1949年以後的中國。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;與歐洲、俄羅斯一樣,二十世紀中國的自我審問,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">主要由知識界發動。康有為、梁啟超、蔡元培、胡適之、陳獨秀、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">王國維、魯迅(其地位、身份、影響正日益受到置疑)</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不僅推動了現代啟蒙和新文化運動,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而且成為時代危機和社會潮流的警示者,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">甚至民族魄魂和國家興亡的托命人。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他們關心和研究的是重大而峻急的國族大事:列強環伺、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不平等條約、國民性、民族、民生、民權、黨爭、割據、憲政、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">軍隊國家化、鄉村建設、勞工保障、階級對立和協調,文字改革、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">普及教育&#8230;&#8230;。從晚清政權到民國初建到北洋政府到國民政府,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">政客、官僚、軍閥、黨棍們不一定接受並推行知識界的主張,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但後者的言論空間和社會影響力,從來沒有遭到嚴重的挑戰。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">即使掌握了國家政權和軍事強權的蔣中正和毛澤東,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">也對知識界尊重有加。史量才、沈鈞儒、馬寅初、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">聞一多等受到權勢當局羞辱迫害的知識分子,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">則成為舉國景仰的英髦節士。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1949年後,這一切迅速成為歷史陳跡。從孔子以來,&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">士不可不弘毅&#8221;、&#8220;仁以為己任&#8221;、&#8220;天下興亡,匹夫有責&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">的儒家傳統變得不合時宜;&#8220;鐵肩擔道義,辣手著文章&#8221;,&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">思想的自由,精神的獨立&#8221;,幾乎成為頭等國事罪。除了流寓台、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">港和海外的胡適之、張君勵、錢穆、唐君毅等人外,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">迎候新政權和滯留大陸的整個知識界,都在一夜之間發現,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">自己不僅不再擁有任何優越感和發言權,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而且迅速淪為中國歷史上最卑賤最悲慘的末代學人。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">傳統中國世代傳襲的精神譜系和道德範式已經無人能夠遵從,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">家國天下諸事再也不容他們置喙。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;他們唯一可以做的,就是與那個賜予他們生命、人格、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">學養和尊嚴又使他們困惑、憂慮、割舍不去的舊中國劃清界線;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">與他們安身立命不可離棄的書生本色、君子之道和臧否時政、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">抗議流弊的權利,以及清高、孤傲乃至隱居山林、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">行吟江湖的人生退路示目暗別。除梁漱溟、陳寅恪、熊十力極個別&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">最後的士大夫&#8221;敢於且能夠不憚孤寂甚至不畏強暴而以身殉道外,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">全部知識界只剩下一種身份、一條活路,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">即作為舊制度舊文化的殘余像征,接受改造、凌辱、圍剿和死亡,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">以證明新政權新制度的必然、先進和神聖。郭沫若、馮友蘭、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">老舍等人除了歌功頌德外已經不知文字尚有其他功能。胡喬木、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">鄧力群、張春橋、姚文元一類文化鷹犬則遙承申不害、李斯、侯覽、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">魏忠賢和托瑪斯&#8226;阿奎那、加爾文、戈培爾、維辛斯基、日丹諾夫&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">宗教大法官&#8221;遺風,以戕害同類為能事,極盡卑劣殘忍以維護專制,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">為虎作倀而無恥喪德,留下中國自有&#8220;文人&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">以來不曾有過的劣行惡狀,千載之下,猶為人不齒。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;經過《武訓傳》批判、《紅樓夢》批判、《文彙報》</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">批判和胡風批判後,毛澤東們在1957年開始對知識界大開殺戒。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在全部知識界遭逢滅頂之災,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">六億中國人開始次第進入精神焚屍爐的1957年,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁站到了蒙難隊伍的最前列。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;二</span><br /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;我從不喜歡那些被稱為偉大的歷史活動家、國家政權活動家、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">征服者,</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; 我從來看不出他們有什麼偉大,並且否定在那些卑劣的領域(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">如國家)出</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; 現天才的可能性。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&#8212;&#8212;【俄】尼古拉&#8226;亞歷山大羅維奇&#8226;別爾嘉耶夫</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;身為逃亡關外的山東人後裔,劉賓雁敏於世道人心;家道中落,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">少年輟學而寄人籬下,劉賓雁靈心善感,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">與生俱來的正義感和叛逆精神遂成氣質;剛直厚道的父親、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">慈愛堅韌的母親立下的人生矜式是他一生的恩榮;張學良治下的&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">自由主義&#8221;和&#8220;亡國奴&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">的民族憂患帶給劉賓雁厭惡一切壓抑和禁忌的脾性;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">反日地下工作錘煉了他獻身祖國解放和社會進步初戀般的純情志向;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">關於馬克思、恩格斯、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">列寧和俄羅斯文學的早期閱讀和舊中國觸目可及的貧窮與積弊,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">使劉賓雁傾向共產主義,並加入共產黨。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">打著毛澤東們烙印的中共武裝革命派在二十多年間掀起的腥風雨血,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">從中滋長蔓延爾後定型為中共本性和風範的暴力哲學、權術謀略、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">偶像崇拜和歷史自大狂,都從未毒害過劉賓雁的頭腦。相反,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁與從井岡山和延安沿襲的專橫、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不近人情和暴力傾向格格不入。&#8220;解放區&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">個人生活和人道主義的萎縮,某種政治神秘化和官僚特權的萌芽,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">都在劉賓雁心裡產生第一輪驚訝和反感。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他曾生平第一次目睹拷打地主,瓜分&#8220;浮財&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">領教了革命者一旦掌權後的狂妄和虛偽。兩次遭到隔離審察,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">更使他對這場革命及其勝利開始保持一絲獨立、清醒的懷疑。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1949年毛澤東在天安門上聲嘶力竭地宣稱新政權成立,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">絕大部分國民和知識界或無限陶醉或驚恐萬狀於這天翻地覆式的天下</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">大變時,劉賓雁竟無特別的激動和意外。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">革命勝利之於他如同呼吸俯仰一般自然、合乎人情天道,&#8212;&#8212;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他已在年輕的心胸兀自預構了一個新中國:自由,平等,民主,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">富強&#8230;&#8230;,尤其要有富於人道,尊重個人。留待未來的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">是踐履並兌現革命許下的全部莊嚴承諾。1986年9月2日,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在接受《深圳青年報》記者采訪時,劉賓雁回記說:&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">千千萬萬的人,包括我個人在內,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">都是在自由和幸福的感召下參加共產黨、參加革命的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">很多人就犧牲在這個口號上。在日本統治時期,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們在天津唱的一首歌是《毛澤東之歌》,第一句是&#8216;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">密雲籠罩著海洋,海燕呼喚暴風雨&#8217;,這歌最後一句是&#8216;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">建設一個自由、幸福的新中國&#8217;。&#8221;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;同屬一個革命營壘,同是共產黨人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁與毛澤東們其實屬於截然不同的類型。至少在1957年,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他們對新中國擁有迥然各異的感情和認識。在劉賓雁心中,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">新中國的全部意義,就在於它真實、完全、永遠地屬於全體人民,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">國家和人民第一次成為一個歷史共同體。毛澤東們要復雜得多。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">民族、人民與國家合三為一(&#8220;中華人民共和國&#8221;),這只是&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">萬裡長征第一步&#8221;,這個新天下本身並不是目的,而是達到那&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">最高綱領&#8221;、實現&#8220;最高理想&#8221;的工具。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1949年的全面軍事勝利,其後三年對舊中國殘余勢力(士紳、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">地主、國民黨和國民政府社會基礎以及所有民間自治團體)</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">的全國性鎮壓,以及同期開始對農村和農民的土地掠奪,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">1956年對全體資產所有者的超法律超經濟劫持等國內&#8220;成就&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">與朝鮮戰爭、斯大林去世、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">國民黨對台灣的固守以及赫魯曉夫局部非斯大林化等域外事變一起,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">共同促進了毛澤東們嶄新的建國理念和世界戰略:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">把中國建設成斯大林曾經建立而遠非完善的現代極權主義大國,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">最終取代斯大林和蘇俄,把毛式中國革命推廣到全世界。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;欲達此目的,必須堅持毛澤東的絕對權威和共產黨的絕對統治;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">必須堅持無產階級專政和階級鬥爭;必須堅持雖然產自西方、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">卻是唯一能表明其歷史合法性的世界性思想體系和國家制度&#8212;&#8212;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">馬列主義和社會主義。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;欲達此目的,必須建立起高度壟斷、半軍事化的統制經濟;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">必須優先發展軍事工業、核工業、重工業;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">必須掃蕩與傳統中國和西方文明有關的一切歷史遺存、像征、符號、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">內心記憶;必須建立起一個領袖至上,順從權威,崇拜偶像,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">泯滅了任何私欲、私利、私念、私心的現代兵營&#8212;奴隸社會;監獄、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">告密、控制、懲罰、恐怖必須上升為社會制度並進入日常生活;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">一切個人財產、利益、欲望、私生活都必須悉數剝奪;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">一切個人意志、自由、權利、思想都必須嚴加防範;一切猶豫、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">懷疑、動搖和反叛都必須無情鎮壓。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;從最高的歷史善意和最客觀的中國處境出發,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">毛澤東們在中國的所作所為,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">並不只是一群喪盡天良的狂人瘋子不可理喻的怪誕表演。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在最極端的意義上,它們確實源自一百多年來迭遭侵凌、歷經挫折、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">有數千年專制傳統的中國人對自身和外部世界的特殊感受和特殊要求</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">正如希特勒一度代表了德國民族的挫敗感和這個民族因受刺激受傷害</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而激發的巨大精力一樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">毛澤東們幾乎同樣難於抵御地接受了二十世紀彌漫全球的社會極權主</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">義和國家民族主義,暴政而非自由,獨裁而非民主,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">戰爭而非和平地獲取個人、政黨、民族和國家在地球上的最大份額,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">由此而誘使和強制中國人為這一亙古未有的&#8220;偉大事業&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而共同奮鬥(在亞洲,惟日本曾夢想建立一個由天皇領導、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">大和民族統治的&#8220;黃種人羅馬帝國&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">蒙古韃靼軍事專制鐵蹄橫掃歐亞後又一輪血腥&#8220;黃禍&#8221;)。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;在毛澤東們眼中,既然能夠用暴力(只能用暴力!)</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">打下一個中國,也能夠用暴力(只能用暴力!)打下一個世界。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國如此之大,他們據此舞台,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">就一定要上演一場空前絕後的歷史活劇。它的序幕是:砸碎舊世界,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國和全世界的;它的高潮是:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">解放全世界三分之二受苦受難的人民,中國和全世界的;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">它的不二道具是:暴力、專制、謊言,中國和全世界的;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">它的死敵是:自由、民主、平等、博愛,中國和全世界的;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">它的終場是:赤色世界升起一輪紅太陽。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;這就是&#8220;馬列主義中國化&#8221;,&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">馬克思主義普遍原理和中國革命相結合&#8221;的真實含意。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">用西方最激進的社會政治思想之&#8220;精&#8221;,&#8220;射&#8221;中國革命之&#8220;卵&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">從而一舉改造中國與世界,這就是毛澤東們對中國命運的特殊領悟。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;毫無疑問,毛澤東們極其真誠而堅定地相信,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這才是中國革命的真正理想,中華民族的偉大使命。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">凡是效忠於這種理想和使命的,就是歷史進步的&#8220;選民&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">合符最高的歷史道德;凡是反對它們的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">就是中華民族和全人類的叛逆和罪犯,而必須給予最嚴厲的打擊,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">無情地消滅。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;毛澤東們特有的豪邁、氣魄、樂觀、堅韌,他們特有的歷史觀、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">人生觀、世界觀以及一以貫之、萬變不離其宗的思想、方針、戰略、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">政策,蓋源於這一理想和使命。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他們是代表歷史和人民來履行古今中外一切大獨裁者、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">征服者都未曾實現的偉大夢想。這是秦始皇、成吉思汗、拿破侖、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">希特勒未盡的事業,比他們更偉大,更光榮,更正確。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;不明乎此,便無法理解,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">從1949到1976年間毛澤東們的所言所行,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">何以那般血腥殘暴無法無天而無所節制無所懺悔。&#8220;一萬年太久,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">只爭朝夕&#8221;的危迫,&#8220;四海翻騰雲水怒,五洲震蕩風雷激&#8221;的亢奮,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&#8220;掃除一切害人蟲&#8221;、&#8220;環球同此涼熱&#8221;的凶惡狂妄,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">都不僅僅是一名妄想狂浪漫詩人的恐怖譫符。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;不明乎此,便無法理解,何以在幾千萬中國人死於飢饉,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">哀鴻遍野的慘憟年代,毛澤東們仍然不計工本地向古巴、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">阿爾巴尼亞、柬埔寨、北朝鮮等邪惡政權輸出民脂民膏、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">武器和毛式革命;何以不顧人民死活和國際核裁軍呼聲,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">以舉國之力研制原子彈、氫彈以及其它大規模毀滅性武器(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">直到今天,&#8220;兩彈一星&#8221;的&#8220;元勛&#8221;還是中國億萬人民仰慕不已的&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">民族英雄&#8221;。薩哈羅夫式的良知和智慧,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">至今不能進入中國人的視野!);</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">何以在全體中國人奴隸式地匍匐爬行了幾十年後,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">還需再來一次登峰造極的現代造神&#8212;奴化運動,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">直到其全部邪惡和狂妄恣意噴發完畢而天怒人怨後,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">才由於不可抗拒的自然規律而頹然墜地。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 不明乎此,便無法理解,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">毛澤東們何故如敬考妣似地祭重秦始皇而如視寇讎似地貶斥孔夫子;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">何故在軍事占領和經濟壟斷外,還以其畢生的精力改造、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">統一全體中國人的思想、道德、精神、靈魂;何故在百廢待興、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">亟需知識界鼎力參予的一九五七年,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">蓄謀發動一場對知識界的政治圍剿和精神凌遲。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;三</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;要想實現這個膽大妄為的原則(人可以為所欲為)和&#8220;自己親手&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">建造</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;巴比倫塔的理想,正如《國際歌》所唱的那樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">就必須壓制一切現實的自由,</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;必須否定人的存在的一切精神本原和基礎。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">社會主義是人類偉大造反行動的</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;最終結果,同時也是它完全筋疲力盡的結果&#8212;&#8212;撇家失業、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">世代漂泊的浪子精</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;神完全空虛的結果。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&#8212;&#8212;【俄】謝苗&#8226;路德維果維奇&#8226;弗蘭克</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1957年,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">從舊中國過來的社會名流和學界領袖們雖然沒有像劉賓雁那樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">實地感受斯大林主義的恐怖後果,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">直接經歷揭露斯大林主義罪惡的政治地震,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但從二十年代初直到四十年代末,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">俄國革命的暴力紀錄和斯大林主義的真相,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">一直是中國獨立新聞界和知識界可以公開報導和討論的話題,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他們對中共和毛澤東的認識也更深入、更全面;絕非一片天真、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">迂闊,不諳時世,對毛澤東和中共的專制傳統並非全然無知。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但他們&#8220;不敢忘天下&#8221;的本性實在難以違抗,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國社會演變的實際情形與他們預期的目標已出現嚴重的背反,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">當局的&#8220;鳴放&#8221;呼吁和&#8220;雙百&#8221;方針,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">實在教他們難於想像竟是一個噩夢般的&#8220;陽謀&#8221;。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他們發表了至今切用於中國的高見和讜論,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">表現了純正的士大夫本色和強烈的歷史責任感。是孔孟、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">尤其民國以來知識界在中國土地上最後一次躬行直道、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">關懷天下的悲壯試法。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;事實上,在毛澤東們看來,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">1957年大右派們的言論之所以必須予以徹底禁絕(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">從來沒有得到嚴肅的討論),</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">就是因為它們純粹屬於舊中國被推翻階級的掙扎和反撲,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">本來就在取締之列。章伯鈞所提&#8220;政治設計院&#8221;,羅隆基所提&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">相互監督、長期共存何以實施&#8221;,章乃器所提&#8220;馬克思議絕不&#8216;神&#8217;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">化一個人或一個階級,也絕不&#8216;魔&#8217;化一個人或一個階級&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">林希翎所提&#8220;人民不是阿鬥&#8221;,陳新桂所提&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">無產階級專政是三個主義(官僚主義、主觀主義、宗派主義)</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">和斯大林主義的根源&#8221;,儲安平所提&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">黨天下是一切宗派主義的最終根源&#8221;,陳銘樞所提&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">取消學校黨委制&#8221;,葛佩琦所提&#8220;共產黨亡了,中國不會亡,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不要共產黨領導,人民也不會賣國&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;,在毛澤東們眼中,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這些言論不是荒誕不經,不識時務,而是反動至極,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">必須把它們與人民、尤其是青年學生徹底隔絕。章伯鈞、羅隆基、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">儲安平、葛佩琦曾經用更為嚴厲的措辭喝斥國民黨、蔣中正,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">批評美國和蘇俄,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">作為舊中國國是派和清流派的著名代表而名揚四海。1957年,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他們完全錯制了形勢,誤讀了毛澤東們的動機,高估了毛澤東們的&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">雅量&#8221;。他們不到半年時間的&#8220;鳴放&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">換來的是二十二年的屈辱和整個知識界幾代人的沉默(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他們即使緘默如石,竭盡歸順效忠,也斷無任何其他結局)。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">毛澤東為反右運動作出的定性結論,雖然肯定不為他們理解和接受,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">卻真實地道出了新中國統治者與舊中國統治者全然不同的國家觀、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">世界觀,道出了毛澤東們異常明晰、確切的預謀:</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;在我國社會主義革命時期,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">反共反人民反社會主義的資產階級右派和人民的矛盾,</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;是對抗性的不可調和的你死我活的矛盾。&#8230;&#8230;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這一次批判資產階級右派的意義,不要</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;估計小了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這是一個在政治戰線和思想戰線上的偉大的社會主義革命。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">單有1956年在</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;經濟戰線上的社會主義革命是不夠的,並且是不鞏固的。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">匈牙利事件就是證明,必須</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;還有一個在政治戰線和思想戰線上的徹底的社會主義革命。&#8230;&#8230;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">只要世界上還存在著帝</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;國主義和資產階級,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">我國的反革命分子和資產階級右派分子的活動,不但總是帶著階級</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;鬥爭的性質,而且總是和國際上反動派互相呼應的。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &#8212;&#8212;毛澤東:《1957年夏季的形勢》</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 歷史潮流變了,社會制度變了,國家性質變了,民族使命變了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">無辜、正直、滿腹經綸的老右派們確實難以理喻、甚至難於與聞,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">究竟是什麼原因和力量、什麼樣的&#8220;歷史的鐵掃帚&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">把他們如此絕情地掃進歷史的&#8220;垃圾箱&#8221;。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1957年的較量,無論是陰謀還是陽謀,抑或陰陽兩謀俱用,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">無論多麼無恥卑鄙,毛澤東們是大獲全勝了。毛澤東告誡他的同僚:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&#8220;我們應當看得遠一點,在幾十年後看這個事件,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">會有深遠影響和巨大利益的。&#8221;應當承認,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">1957年中國知識界的慘敗、毛澤東們的完勝,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">標志著一個新時代的真正來臨。舊中國最負盛望的知識界名流、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">權威的遽然消失,為新中國新理想新使命掃開了最後一個障礙。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">1940年夏,巴黎陷落,法國投降,希特勒聽到這個消息時,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">竟興奮得跳起舞來。1957年秋,當全體右派被開始&#8220;批判&#8221;、&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">圍剿&#8221;、&#8220;勞改&#8221;後,毛澤東在中南海每周一次數舞會上手之舞之,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">足之蹈之,難以掩飾內心的喜悅。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1957年反右運動是毛澤東們無與倫比的政治首創,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">奠定了毛式共產黨中國最富獨創性的特征:個人獨裁+一黨專制+</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">軍事-經濟壟斷&#8212;+大規模、長時間群眾性政治動+意識形態至上。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">沒有最後兩項,再強悍再龐大的物質與制度力量,都可能毀於一旦。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1957年,舊中國知識界滑鐵盧式的敗出,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">標志著孔孟以來兩千年多年士大夫關懷天下傳統的終結,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">毛澤東們似乎可以完全按照自己的意志、邏輯和願望,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">把中國引向他們安排的道路。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;四</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;我的世紀,我的野獸,誰能</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;窺見你的瞳孔,</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;誰能用自己的血去粘合</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;兩個世紀的椎骨?</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;世紀像捕狼的獵犬撲向我的肩頭。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;但我的血統不是狼!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;我拒絕&#8212;&#8212;存在</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;在非人的瘋人院裡。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;我拒絕&#8212;&#8212;生活,</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;和廣場上的狼群一起</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;嗥叫&#8212;&#8212;我拒絕</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&#8212;&#8212;【俄】奥西普&#8226;曼德爾施塔姆</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 劉賓雁的出場,使這一切發生了變化。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 從童年起,父親就把一個思想&#8220;深深植入&#8221;劉賓雁的頭腦:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">十月革命後的俄國是人類的理想。他自幼深受俄國文學熏陶,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">通過它對俄國人民產生了深厚的好感,加上對馬克思主義的&#8220;篤信&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">,都&#8220;助長了我對蘇聯和蘇聯共產黨的崇拜&#8221;。與陳獨秀、李大釗、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">瞿秋白、李立山、張聞天、張國燾、王明軍中共早期領袖一樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在青少年時代的劉賓雁眼中,莫斯科就是社會主義的麥加,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">俄羅斯就是自己的精神祖國。與魯迅、茅盾、耿濟之、陳啟珍、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">郁達夫、曹靖華、汝龍、成仿吾、鄭超齡、田漢等左翼文人一樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁也有一腔&#8220;盜火者&#8221;豪情。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">十二月黨人以後一代又一代俄國精英,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">是他心中普羅米修斯式的英雄群體,俄國文學表達的對人民的同情,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">對苦難的抗議,對專制暴政的蔑視和痛恨,那些憂郁而高貴、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">堅毅而富於獻身精神的聖潔形像,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在劉賓雁道德生命和精神世界裡永遠占據著初戀情人般的不朽地位。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">俄羅斯和蘇聯對於劉賓雁的影響和意義,遠遠超過中國自身、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">尤其漢民族的歷史文化傳統在他身上喚起的創造性和想像力。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">極言之,在本民族本文明中,劉賓雁感受到的幾乎都使他反感、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">失望、憤怒:專制、禁錮、壓抑、狹隘、冷漠、嚴酷、死板、陰暗、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">下流、虛偽、反人性,不自然,無信仰,不懂愛情,鄙薄幸福,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">拒絕寬容、諒解、懺悔,敵視天才。支撐他反抗專制極權、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">追求自由真理的道德源泉和精神動力,主要來自俄羅斯,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">西方的哲學和社會思想在他的思維、風格和語言裡,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">永遠居於第二位。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;蘇聯根據《雅爾塔協議》和與國民政府所簽《中蘇友好同盟條約》</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">出兵中國東北,曾發生嚴重搶掠奸淫。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁在沈陽和哈爾濱第一次感受到&#8220;蘇聯老大哥&#8221;以征服者、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">解放者自居流露出的大俄羅斯沙文主義。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1956年,劉賓雁最後一次踏上蘇聯、東歐大地,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">正值斯大林主義的真相開始露出冰山一角之際。他對十月革命、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">蘇聯道路的聖潔情感蒙開始上濃黑的陰影。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在橫貫中歐和東歐古國的鐵幕下,從莫斯科到華沙,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">從貝爾格萊德到布加勒斯特,從布達佩斯到布拉格,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">從索菲亞到地拉那,蘇聯帝國出現了第一道裂縫:處決貝利亞,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">開除莫洛托夫、馬林科夫、卡岡諾維奇等斯大林分子,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">數百萬政治苦役犯從勞改地和集中營回來,波蘭波茲南工人罷工,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">匈牙利人民起義,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">尤其是赫魯曉夫在蘇共二十大後發表的那份揭露斯大林罪行的&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">秘密報告&#8221;。在劉賓雁一生中,&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">再沒有第二個事件令我這樣震驚過!</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">我讀著赫魯曉夫關於二十年前那幾起大屠殺的敘述,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">激憤得幾乎顫抖起來,我為那些無辜的革命元勛和將領的慘遭殺害,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">悲痛得流下眼淚,我為斯大林的暴行震駭不已。&#8221;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1956年,《人民日報》發表《論無產階級的歷史經驗》稱:&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果一定要說什麼&#8216;斯大林主義&#8217;的話,就只能說,首先,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">它是共產主義,是馬克思列寧主義&#8221;(一年後,反右運動開始);</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">1963年,《人民日報》再次祭起斯大林的亡靈:&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">斯大林的活動,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">是同偉大的蘇聯共產黨和蘇聯人民的鬥爭緊密結合在一起的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">是同全世界人民的的革命鬥爭分不開的。斯大林的一生,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">是一個偉大的馬克思列寧主義者的一生,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">是一個偉大的無產階級革命家的一生。&#8221;(三年後,文革爆發)。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">毛澤東們為斯大林開脫,辯護,歌功頌德,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">並發明了人類歷史上首次公開鼓吹強者、&#8220;成功者&#8221;殺人有理的&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">三七開&#8221;,劉賓雁&#8220;始終不以為然&#8221;。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;中國廣播機構報導蘇共處置斯大林分子的新聞時,劉賓雁所在的《</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國青年報》的黨員干部&#8220;大都反對赫魯曉夫&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">同情斯大林和斯大林分子,這種&#8220;一致性&#8221;,使劉賓雁&#8220;一驚&#8221;。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他當然知道,關於斯大林及其幫凶的罪行,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">毛澤東們肯定比他了解得更詳細;但是他不知道,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">對斯大林主義的揭露和清算,毛澤東們得出了與他完全不同的結論:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">斯大林在蘇俄的所作所為(&#8220;全盤集體化&#8221;、&#8220;階級鬥爭尖銳化&#8221;&#8230;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&#8230;),中國正要完全忠實地做一遍,斯大林沒有完成的工作(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">反對資本主義復辟,徹底清除赫魯曉夫式的人物,推進世界革命,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">實現全球共產主義&#8230;&#8230;),毛澤東們要繼承下去並堅持到底。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;由於時空統一性,由於&#8220;先驗綜合範疇&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">由於人性在冥冥之中驚人的內在命運感通力,聖徒、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">先知和殉道者體現的高尚精神會感動不同時代不同地區素昧平生的無</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">數善男信女,而惡人、奸佞和暴君之間,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">也會建立一種特殊的親近感。秦始皇和斯大林對於毛澤東們,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">比起自己的祖宗和同代同胞,更如同父母和手足。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">善惡之間涇渭分明,如同白晝黑夜。1957年前夕,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國命運是以批判還是維護斯大林主義為主題,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">呈現出判然分明的歷史分野。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;歷史無情,無數善良和平凡的人們銜冤而歿;歷史也有情,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">犧牲者的血總會測紅劊子手的手臉。歷史異常頑強,一旦真相(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">重大苦難和罪行)浮露於世,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">就會在不可能徹底泯滅的人性和良知世界激起巨大的正義和憤怒。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">世上暴君最大的噩夢是,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他們永遠無法一勞永逸地滅絕所有人的天良,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">永遠無法銷毀所有罪證。1957年發生在劉賓雁身上的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">便是這種永恆法則的一個顯例:布哈林、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">圖哈切夫斯基等蘇俄老布爾什維克的冤死會激起劉賓雁感同身受的傷</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">痛和義憤,赫魯曉夫對斯大林的&#8220;鞭屍&#8221;也會攪得毛澤東寢食難安。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">奴役與自由、暴力與正義、謊言與真相,不可能兼容於同一時空。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;劉賓雁更不會知道,毛澤東一類極端虛榮陰險的暴君,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">都患有一種&#8220;鞭屍&#8221;恐懼症,他們最懼怕最憂慮的是死後鞭屍。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">伍子胥兩千五百年前把殺父仇人楚平王的遺骸掘出,鞭之三百,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">留下遺言:&#8220;抉吾眼懸呈東門之上,以觀越寇之入滅吳也!&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">雖然有違天道,但對於東方式的暴君,&#8220;鞭屍&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不啻為一種有效的震懾手段。毛澤東與眾不同的思維是,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他要汲取斯大林被赫魯曉夫&#8220;鞭屍&#8221;的教訓,用中國酷吏&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">除惡務盡&#8221;的信條,鏟除&#8220;中國赫魯曉夫&#8221;的任何可能。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;在十月革命的故鄉蘇聯,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國共產黨和毛澤東們的導師和兄長們的罪行如此駭人聽聞,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">犧牲如此巨大,&#8220;走俄國人的路&#8221;,還是不容質疑、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">顛撲不破的歷史結論和普通真理嗎?斯大林主義的起源、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">過程和危害,一直是國際共產主義運動和現代人類的重大歷史現像。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">作為毛澤東思想的主要來源,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">斯大林主義曾給中國帶來史無前例的災難,但直到今天,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">它仍然是中國的最大禁忌之一,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">絕大部分中國人對自身苦難的這個血腥源頭仍然懵然無知。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;無論如何,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">1957年前的劉賓雁對中共和毛澤東們依然一片赤誠,&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國共產黨是以充滿自信,以百年來第一個趕走外國侵略者,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">和二十世紀以來第一個統一了龐大而復雜的中國的勝利者的姿態出現</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在人民面前的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這種自信是以全國各階層數億人民對它的絕對信賴與擁護為基礎的。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&#8221;盡管他始終沒有對中國國民黨領導抗戰的史實加以澄清,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">沒有對日本入侵和蘇軍出兵東北對中共奪取中國的決定性意義有所洞</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">察(甚至直到最後,他也沒有來得及對類似重大歷史真相重新辨認)</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">,他也不可能了解中共三十多年間權力鬥爭的血腥內幕,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">更不可能預見到毛澤東們在中國推行的共產革命,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">將比斯大林主義更野蠻、更恐怖,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">全體人民和革命兒女們將要一步步陷入空前的浩劫,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">一只歷史上未曾出現過的殘暴怪獸將要吞噬無數無辜者的生命,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁在內心已經悄悄與這只尚未完全露出其猙獰面具的怪獸拉開了</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">距離,發生在蘇聯的悲劇已經如同天際的烏雲,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在他心裡投下了長長的陰影。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 五</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 被迫沉默或低聲交流並不停環顧四周是否有人竊聽的人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">經常為房間板壁</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;太薄而擔心的人,不自由的人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">沒有權利大聲表示他們所思考的問題,不能自</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;由地批評自己的政府,選舉他們所希望的人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在制定國內外政策上沒有表達權</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;的人,不可能建立自由的社會主義。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&#8212;&#8212;【俄】波&#8226; 戈洛夫</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1957年的劉賓雁雖然無法預知,這片烏雲、這道陰影,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">將要把他與整個中國籠罩,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但他的歷史感和良知力已使他無意間走進了共產主義運動的異端&#8212;&#8212;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">政治反對派和&#8220;革命良心&#8221;的行列。在半個多世紀中,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">歐洲和俄國的&#8220;溫和&#8221;、&#8220;穩健派&#8221;們,從伯恩斯坦、考茨基、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">盧森堡到托洛茨基、布哈林、哥穆爾卡、達卡爾、貝林格(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">以及二十世紀下半葉的赫魯曉夫、戈爾巴喬夫等),</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在篤信馬克思主義和共產主義同時,反對革命萬能,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">強調手段與目的一致性,警惕紀律、權威和暴力對革命的侵蝕;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在可能條件下,注重民主、法制和人道主義,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">盡力把自由解放的偉大理想貫穿於整個歷史進程,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">體現於全部社會環節和每一個人身上。他們在政治、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">意識形態和歷史觀上反對資本主義,在精神、思想和個人修養上,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">對西方和人類文明並無全盤否定和徹底決裂的僵硬立場。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他們對資本主義的巨大成就有較為客觀而公正的評價,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">對人性的豐富和創造性乃至信仰世界,保持著基本的理解和尊重。&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">革命的良心&#8221;是崇尚暴力、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">流言和專制的共產革命的自我矯正劑和文明底線。它的所有成員,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">無一不是悲劇結局,從而構成現代人類的一個特殊群體。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">革命是一種特殊的歷史現像,在狂熱犧牲和無限仇恨的洪水中,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">人類常情、理性和人道的本性,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不可避免地要施予必需的節制和撫慰,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">使革命固有的正義和崇高不至於完全蕩然無存,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">並在浩劫的荒原上給後人留下文明和人性的種子。劉賓雁在經歷、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">道德、氣質和人格結構上,是&#8220;革命的良心&#8221;在中國的天然候選人。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;歷史表明,正是這種源於人類本性和歐洲現代普世價值的&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">革命的良心&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">使共產主義一度擁有幾乎難以抗拒的道德力量和理想光環,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">無數男女為之前僕後繼,不絕如縷。正是&#8220;革命的良心&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">煥發出的激情和獻身精神,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">一度創造了使西方資本主義相形見絀的另一種世界性文明;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">也正是這份&#8220;革命的良心&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">導引出有史以來最大的異端審判和同類相殘。數以十萬、百萬計的&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">革命的良心&#8221;被罷絀,放逐,批鬥,逮捕,處決,並且殃及親友。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">斯大林、毛澤東們在清洗和鎮壓自己的&#8220;戰友和同志&#8221;時,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">所消耗的歷史能量、國家資源之不計代價,所編造的罪名、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">謊言之離奇荒誕,所煽動的仇恨、殺戮之變態血腥,所遺存的苦難、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">死亡和禍患之深重久遠,在人類歷史上都無出其右。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1957年前夕,劉賓雁剛剛跨過&#8220;而立之年&#8221;,官拜&#8220;高干&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">家庭美滿,雄姿英發,前程遠大。在令人艷羨的人生背後,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">命運之手已經悄然起動,把他推往危途與險境。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">一柄巨大的十字架正在中國大地豎起,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁注定將成為中國十字架背負大軍中最艱辛最強壯最忠實的一員</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;反右運動將迎來它的五十周年大祭。在浩如煙海的檔案中,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁的作品堪稱經典。《本報內部消息》、《在橋梁工地上》和《</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">上海在深思》三篇報告文學曾轟動全國,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁一夜之間成為中國文壇和新聞界名人,被稱為中國社會&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">革新者&#8221;。近五十年後,劉賓雁回顧道,這三篇報導&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">成為1942年毛澤東發表《在延安文藝座談會上的講話》,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">作家的主要任務是&#8216;歌頌光明&#8217;,而不是&#8216;暴露黑暗&#8217;以來,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">第一次批判共產黨本身問題的作品。&#8221;巨大的反響使他&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">產生了一種前所未有的創作衝動,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">我覺得我能說出前人和別人沒有說出的話,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">我覺得中國社會好像在期待我的作品,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">我必須用自己的筆刺破和掃蕩長期籠罩在中國上空的某種煙霧,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">它壓抑著人們的創造精神,並使人們的視野變得朦朧起來,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">把似是而非的東西看作真理。&#8221;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;劉賓雁在1957年前的全部文學創作,集中在下述主題上:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">向中國共產黨和中國社會發出告誡,警惕斯大林主義在中國的出現,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">防止官僚主義、特權思想、&#8220;把中國的全部事情都管起來&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">的自大狂以及對人民地位、權利的真實確認。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但他還遠遠沒有對毛澤東本人和共產黨以及社會主義制度發生任何動</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">搖。相反,他對毛澤東寄予莫大希望,認為後者會用擴大民主(《</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">論十大關系》)和鼓勵自由(&#8220;百花齊放,百家爭鳴&#8221;)</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">來避免斯大林濫用權力,違背社會主義民主與法制的悲劇。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他甚至直接致信毛澤東,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">引用古羅馬哲人的話告誡毛澤東保護中國人的自由和民主:&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">為了取火,免不了生煙,聰明人滅煙而取火,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">傻瓜則把火與煙一起撲滅。&#8221;1957年的劉賓雁&#8220;實在是太痴了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">太相信毛澤東了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">因而根本不會猜疑上海和全國正熱熱鬧鬧展開的鳴放不過是他一手制</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">定的&#8216;引蛇出洞&#8217;的政治大陰謀,一個大陷阱正在我腳下張著大嘴!</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&#8221;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;無論黨內黨外,比劉賓雁資歷更深,聲名更顯赫,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">才氣更逼人者何止千萬,而劉賓雁成為了天字第一號右派,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">歷史影響最廣遠最持久的右派。他似乎生來領有一項義務:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">觸怒偶像,冒犯獨裁者。他身材魁梧,貴族式的儀表,碩大的頭顱,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">飽滿的天庭,挺拔筆直的鼻梁,聲調渾厚宏亮。更致命的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他是一只自由之鳥,對一切生命的奇跡懷有戀人般的愛慕,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在其潮起潮落、大悲大壯的坎坷人生中,跳動著一顆天生內向、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">憂郁、極富感受性、詩人般的心靈。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這種美善的詩人氣質一旦朝向人世與社會,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">就必然衝撞現實中的黑暗、壓抑、專橫和虛偽。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁的噩運甚至常常起於他的姿態、氣味、手勢、眼光、語音&#8230;&#8230;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">。1957年,催促他疾步於中國歷史舞台中心的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">當然不只是這些個人的原因。盡管還有些模糊,不徹底,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">沒有理論體系,但劉賓雁已經無意間卷進中國命運的漩流,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">撞進血淚洶湧的的歷史大辯論中,其核心問題是:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國共產黨與人民的關系。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;六</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 在相信那些握有權力或武力的人們能夠把持異議者、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不同意者排除政治生活</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 甚至投入監獄的國家裡,&#8230;&#8230;在我們整個&#8220;政治文化&#8221;&#8212;&#8212;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果還能用這個術語</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 的話&#8212;&#8212;上留下了幾乎擦洗不掉的污點。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&#8212;&#8212;米哈伊爾&#8226;謝爾蓋耶維奇&#8226;戈爾巴喬夫</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1957年,帶給劉賓雁一生坎坷的起點,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">還賜予他一份特殊的禮物:與毛澤東結緣。劉賓雁從青年時代起,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">就&#8220;不喜歡黨對人的過於嚴酷和不必要的干預與壓抑,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不喜歡毛澤東的著作&#8221;,毛澤東那套舞文弄墨的做派、虛張聲勢、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">雲雨翻覆的手法,與劉賓雁從馬克思和俄羅斯那裡感領到的深刻、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">莊嚴具有截然不同的美感。就在1957年,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">毛澤東擅自在劉賓雁的作品上作出批示(這種&#8220;御筆親批&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">式的任意圖鴉,是中國專制傳統中最令人噴飯的劣跡之一):&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">有人(劉賓雁)不是想把事情搞好,而是想把事情搞亂!&#8221;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;按照毛澤東們的標准和1957年中國社會的政治邏輯,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁確實無愧於一名&#8220;極右派&#8221;(關於&#8220;左&#8221;、&#8220;右&#8221;政治派別,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">從法國革命到俄國革命到中國革命,已經聚訟紛紜。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">作為一種睥睨文明和歷史、試圖重建世界的學說和運動,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">羅伯斯庇爾、斯大林和毛澤東們確實屬於激進的左派;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而作為珍視傳統和人性基本價值,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">對世界采取總體同情和不忍之心的哲學,雨果、托爾斯泰、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁們應該劃歸保守右派。劉賓雁希望用自由、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">民主和人道主義來取代造反、革命和戰爭,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">正是自古而今保守主義的共同立場)。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;從精神與權力的關系看,前者從來不是後者的對手(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">後者擁有整個帝國,前者永遠是孤身一人),</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">後者常常輕而易舉地擊敗前者(囚禁、放逐、處決),</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而前者歷經磨難後獲得的榮耀卻常常使後者黯然失色。(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">伏爾泰與路易十五,雨果與路易&#8226;波拿巴,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">托爾斯泰與亞歷山大三世,索爾仁尼琴與勃烈日涅夫&#8230;&#8230;)</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁與毛澤東在1957年的結緣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">當然不是他文學創作和精神生命的特別榮耀,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">卻是他肩負歷史理性和時代良知這一非凡使命的題中應有之義。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">從此,他頭頂毛澤東強加的惡謚,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">親身領教經崩潰本是體現生命尊嚴的簡便形式,但是,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他畢竟熬過來了,&#8212;&#8212;他的使命未盡啊。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;無論如何,劉賓雁在1957年被毛澤東們擊倒在地,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">毛澤東從此成為中國的宙斯,而劉賓雁從此成為中國的安泰。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">2004年2月27日,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁在其八十壽筵上回顧自己的八十人生時,還感謝1957年,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">否則他將完全虛度一生。要麼不知深淺,混到文革,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">老帳新帳一起算,&#8220;非死不可&#8221;;要麼像魏巍、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉伯羽一類御用文人一樣,在謊言和虛偽中度過一生,&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">並不值得羨慕&#8221;;要麼與張春橋、姚文元一樣&#8220;成為四人幫的幫凶&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">。劉賓雁在1957年從毛澤東手上領到一張死亡通知書,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">同時從歷史那裡獲得一份特別資本。他將不再以統治者一員的地位,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">也不再以純粹的&#8220;革命良心&#8221;的名義,而是以一名被逐的異端、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">受罰的囚徒的身份,重新體驗、領悟生活,重新觀察、沉思中國。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">1957年是劉賓雁的噩夢元年,他還發現自己&#8220;愛幻想、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">有幾分怯弱&#8221;的天性中,原來珍藏著另一種品格,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">足以支撐他面對一切不測、橫逆,在他從人生悲劇的序幕中,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">立下了貫徹始終的人生信條:在毛澤東們面前,劉賓雁&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">並不認為自己有罪&#8221;,甚至&#8220;並不認為自己失敗了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">更不認為這次失敗是永久性的&#8221;。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;索爾仁尼琴曾詳細地描述過他被&#8220;特料人員&#8221;押解,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">從明斯克月台到莫斯科地鐵的情況。他一直默不做聲的潛伏原因是:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&#8220;這些站立在兩條滾動電梯上的莫斯科人,對我說來還太少&#8212;&#8212;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">太少了!這裡能聽到我號叫的有兩百人,就算兩百人再加一倍,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">那麼兩億人怎麼辦呢?&#8230;&#8230;我模模糊糊地感到,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">有朝一日我將向兩億人呼喊!&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">正是在那些失去全部幸福和正常生活的黑暗日子裡,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁與索爾仁尼琴被捕時一樣,向自己、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">人民和整個專制帝國發誓:必須活下去,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">除了對妻子兒女的責任和愛以外,&#8220;有朝一日,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">我仍然能獲得我失去的一切,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">甚至還會寫出比1956年那些東西更高的作品!&#8221;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 七</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;真理的精神,愛的精神,生命的精神和自由的精神&#8230;&#8230;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">若要拯救俄國,</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;就需要這些精神的吹拂!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &#8212;&#8212;康斯坦丁&#8226;謝爾蓋耶維奇&#8226;阿克薩科夫</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;從1949年到1957年,劉賓雁與毛澤東們並無重大分歧。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他對斯大林主義的震驚和思考,還是間接、直覺、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">初步和道德主義的,他對新社會新制度中主觀主義、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">官僚作風和特權的置疑,基本出自&#8220;革命中人&#8221;和&#8220;體制內&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">的擔憂。就像毛澤東作為馬克思和列寧的東方信徒(不能、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">也無必要懷疑毛澤東作為共產黨徒的虔誠),</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不可避免地帶有濃厚的中國專制暴君和農民造反加諸其身的歷史印記</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">一樣,劉賓雁作為中國&#8220;革命的良心&#8221;,與俄羅斯和西方的先驅們,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">也有明顯的地緣和時代差異。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;遠在斯大林暴政出台前,1918年,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">普烈漢諾夫就在其遺囑中預言布爾什維克將按如下規律演變:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">列寧的無產階級專政將迅速變成一黨專政,然後演變成領袖專政。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">維持領袖權力的,起初是階級恐怖,接著是全面的全國恐怖。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">布爾什維克不能給人民以民主和自由,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">因為他們一旦實施民主和自由,立刻就會喪失政權。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">布爾什維克除了恐怖、欺騙、威嚇和強制,就別無道路可走。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">被破壞的將不是舊世界,而是祖國俄羅斯。這位&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">俄國共產主義之父&#8221;&#8220;為俄羅斯人的命運而痛哭&#8221;,同時&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">很有把握地斷定:布爾什維克的垮台是不可避免的。&#8221;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;羅曼&#8226;羅蘭一直公開支持十月革命。但是列寧對社會民主黨、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">立憲黨和孟什維克的鎮壓,使他極為失望。他發表公開信,對蘇俄&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">軍事共產主義&#8221;表示抗議:&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">新政權的領袖們往往肆意拋棄最崇高的道德價值:人道、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">自由和真理。&#8221;這位十月革命為數不多的歐洲擁護者公開告誡列寧,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&#8220;暴力政權、特別是歌頌這類政策的拙劣文章,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">已經產生了使歐洲自由思想家的優秀人物如伯特蘭&#8226;羅素、喬治&#8226;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">勃蘭兌斯、阿納托爾&#8226;法郎士與俄國革命分道揚鑣的必然後果,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">正如法國革命的大屠殺,最終使得華茲華斯、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">柯勒律治和席勒這樣的人脫離了它一樣。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不管你們是否對這些人嗤之以鼻,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">你們都喪失了他們身上偉大的道義力量,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而這種力量對於廣大群眾的影響力是巨大的。我認為,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這就是法國大革命失敗的原因之一,但願俄國革命者考慮到這一點。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">誰瞧不起心靈的力量,誰就要遭殃!&#8230;&#8230;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">思想獨立是人類的基本力量,誰也馴服不了它。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">信仰是以受壓抑的信念中噴射出來的,請你們再三思考!</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">請你們不要玩火!火會把你們吞噬的!&#8221;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;在蘇共垮台後仍然忠於共產主義的蘇俄歷史學家羅伊&#8226;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">麥德維傑夫,在其長達一千頁的巨著《讓歷史來審判》中最後寫道:</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;過去我們許多人給予斯大林的活動以極高的評價,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">可是那時我們並不了解他的罪行。但是,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">現在斯大林的大部分罪行已經被黨揭穿了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">所以現在當列舉這些罪行可以編寫成許多卷書,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">每卷中的每一行所犯下的罪行都應該得到最嚴厲的判決的時候,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這時,還有這樣的人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他們企圖為斯大林辯解並把這個劊子手和國家罪人捧為英雄,那麼,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這已經是無法理解的了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">現在對斯大林的任何平反本身就是對黨的嚴重的犯罪,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">是對黨的一切基本原則的厚顏無恥的污辱。正如哲學家格&#8226;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">波梅朗茨所公正地指出那樣:&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在了解了斯大林的所作所為而還要恢復對斯大林的尊敬,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這意味著樹立一種新東西,即樹立對告密、非刑及極刑的尊敬。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這是連斯大林都沒有想要去做的事。他寧可去選擇偽善的辦法。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">恢復對斯大林的尊敬&#8212;&#8212;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這意味著在我們的旗幟旁邊樹起一個精神的怪物。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這樣的事還從來沒有過。卑鄙無恥的行為曾經發生過,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但我們的旗幟仍然是純潔的。在這旗幟上寫著:&#8216;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">是這樣一個聯合體,在那裡,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">每個人的自由發展是一切人的自由發展的條件。&#8217;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在旗幟旁邊站著的是馬克思,恩格斯,列寧&#8212;&#8212;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他們都是有人類弱點的人,但是他們都是人。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">關於他們可以用馬克思所喜愛的諺語來形容:&#8216;我是人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">人類的一切對我都不是隔絕的。&#8217;斯大林如果要再和他並列在一起,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這就意味著玷污我們的旗幟。&#8221;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;同屬紀實性文獻,劉賓雁的報告文學對專制、暴力、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">苦難和罪惡的作證,其立場的徹底,道德抗議的純粹和歷史洞察力,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">與同期(二十世紀五十年代後)蘇俄作家們相比,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">明顯帶有半中國歷史環境的印記。在同樣險惡的環境中,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">俄國的良心寫作一直保持著&#8220;男低音和女高音&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">天作之合的紀念碑式的完美。卡拉萬斯基的《請求書》、尤裡&#8226;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">艾亨瓦爾特的《刀刃之上》、阿馬利裡克的《被迫的西伯利亞之行》</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">、娜傑日達&#8226;曼傑施塔姆的《嚴峻的歷程》、瓦拉姆&#8226;沙拉莫夫的《</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">科雷馬河的故事》以及索爾仁尼琴的《古拉格群島》,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">都是無愧於俄國苦難,堅持救贖的傳世之作。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;應該承認,既是以俄為師的革命,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">與毛澤東們至死只能以一名馬克思主義者自封一樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">包括劉賓雁在內的所有中國革命的良心人物,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">都不可能達到俄國先驅們曾經達到的境界和高度。同理,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國所有現代自由、民主派(包括藝術先鋒派們)</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">也無法擺脫邯鄲學步的無奈和尷尬。也許,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">只有當西方和俄國的經驗與教訓在全世界成為常識並與摹仿效法者的</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">經驗融為一體時,中國和所有非西方國家的歷史宿命,才可能解除,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">人類才可能告別支配了世界幾百年的野蠻、愚昧、衝突,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">戰爭和浩劫。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;無論按照西方資本主義還是蘇俄社會主義的標准,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國都處於完全不同的發展階段,屬於迥然相異的文明形態,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國的劣勢和落後一目了然。然而,中國在照抄、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">照搬西方和蘇俄過程中,必然呈現出人類歷史不斷演化、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">進步的偉大法則:精神對權力的抗衡,自由與暴政的對峙,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">人類最柔弱、最無形的心靈力量必須在不幸和罪惡面前表達自己,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">從而使自由、真理和幸福成為世界性事業。正如毛澤東竭盡所能要&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">天才地&#8221;把馬克思發展到&#8220;頂峰&#8221;一樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁也聽從良知和命運的召喚,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在毛澤東生前死後堅持對重大善惡是非的追究,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不容忍歷史真相與暴君同入墳墓。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;劉賓雁後來在中國發出的聲音,明顯帶有俄羅斯歷史沉鐘的回音,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但卻有獨創的節律、色彩、氣韻、旋律,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">人類救贖精神在東方的偉大心跳,風斷雲續、垂天而降的天籟之音。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;八</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;呵,俄羅斯!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;你遭受了多麼可怕而沉重的罪孽!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;惡毒的謊言使你在審判的深淵裡顯得抑郁沉重,</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;你被刻上了奴役枷鎖的印記!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&#8212;&#8212;【俄】阿里克谢&#183;斯捷潘诺维奇&#183;霍米亚科夫</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1958年,劉賓雁和全體右派墮入地獄後一年,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">索爾仁尼琴剛剛擺脫政治苦役犯和癌症患者的雙重苦難,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">對莫洛托夫等斯大林分子被逐出權力王國、卻以&#8220;退休金領養者&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">身份逍遙於法律和道德的清算之外,深以為憂:</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 在二十世紀,不能幾十年不區分什麼是應受審判的暴行,什麼是&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不應翻的舊帳&#8221;。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 我們應該公開譴責宣揚一部分人可以懲治另一部分人的思想本身!</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">對邪惡默不做聲,把</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 它驅趕進軀體裡去,只要不暴露就行,&#8212;&#8212;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這樣做我們就是播種邪惡,有朝一日它將千</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 百倍地冒出來。我們不懲罰甚至不譴責惡人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這等於從下一代人的足下挖掉任何公正觀</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 點的基石。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;這正是劉賓雁在二十二年間逐漸成形的思想。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;劉賓雁和上百萬右派人士二十二年間承受的苦難和罪惡,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">首先是一樁嚴重的道德犯罪和歷史犯罪。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果任其在中國社會裡埋藏發酵,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">對罪魁禍首毛澤東不予道德清算和歷史審判,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">就不僅對不起蒙受了無數冤屈痛苦的人們,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而且保留著繼續鎮壓思想的恐怖權力,預示著中國的噩夢還在繼續。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1986年底,劉賓雁與許良英、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">方勵之向幾十名著名右派發出一份&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">1957年反右運動學術研究會&#8221;通知,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">呼吁對三十年前那場政治屠殺展開嚴肅調查和討論。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">由於鄧小平的直接干預和錢偉長的告密,會議沒有開成。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁在中國北方和南方與史學界、理論界、文學界、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">新聞界和大學生進行了上百次座談。偌大中國,千古奇冤,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">幾乎剩下劉賓雁一人奔波道途,形單影只,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">成為1957年反右運動孤單而英勇的公訴人。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1986年9月13日,劉賓雁在黑龍江大學&#8220;請問在座的同學們&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">:</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;你們對於1957年反右派運動知道多少?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">知道中國打了多少右派嗎?用什麼手</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;段打的嗎?帶來的後果是什麼?它和文化大革命是什麼關系?</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 然後他對那些不在場卻時刻監聽著他的人們問道:</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1981年就有這樣的話:&#8220;文化大革命、反右派運動&#8230;&#8230;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">還是少寫為佳。&#8221;這純</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; 粹是妄想!有哪個人的意志能決定歷史的進程呢?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">反右派運動要寫上五十年!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1986年11月21日,劉賓雁在天津南開大學發表演說,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">得出與當局截然不同的結論:</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1957年,是中國歷史上非常重要的一年。反右運動,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不是打了幾十萬或者120萬、</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;200萬知識分子的問題,而是整個民族的生機遭到一次致命的&#8212;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&#8212;假如不是說是毀滅</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;性的&#8212;&#8212;摧殘。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1986年11月27日,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁在南京大學要求大學生們關注國事,記住1957年:</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;從五十年代開始的那場悲劇本身是閉幕了,但余音繞梁啊!&#8230;&#8230;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">大學生在任何時</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;代都是舊秩序的掘墓人,是一個民族唯一的希望所在!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;對1957年反右運動的評價,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">使劉賓雁與鄧小平們發生巨大分歧的重要原因。在鄧小平們看來,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">反右運動絕大多數當事人已經平反(留下&#8220;擴大化&#8221;的余地),</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">即使不需再高呼&#8220;聖主英明,皇恩浩蕩&#8221;,也應當知足了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">對於堅持&#8220;唯物史觀&#8221;的人們,任何歷史現像都無需進行道德評判,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">無論多麼慘痛的悲劇和不可寬恕的暴行,都是可以撇開不顧,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">可以進行交易的政治籌碼。一切都會過去,唯有目的永存。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他們並不想、也不能否定毛澤東們的豐功偉績和偉大使命,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他們要做的只有一件事,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">利用他們在文革中的下台經歷獲取新的統治權,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而把毛澤東們由於歷史條件、個性、風格、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">手法失當而沒有辦好辦成的事情辦下去。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;明乎此,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">就不難理解中國的憲法和黨章何以至今充斥著對蘇聯和中國人民犯有</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">滔天大罪的斯大林和毛澤東的幽靈;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">毛澤東還繼續竊據著天安門廣場和城樓上使世界矚目的位置,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">竊據著成億中國人擁有的天文數字般的人民幣紙面空間;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">何以毛澤東在精神上有如此強盛的繁殖力,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國社會至今對毛澤東們厭惡和否定過、中國人最亟需的自由、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">民主、人道仍然懷著如此令人絕望的無知、鄙夷、詆毀和仇視!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 人類大致可以分為兩類,一類人相信人性本善,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">對人類永恆的善性懷抱著感動、贊嘆和敬意,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在任何時代任何國度裡,生命及其自由、尊嚴、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">高貴和神聖是不可動搖不可背逆的最高原則和終極目的。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這類人對專橫、暴力、陰謀、殺戮、欺騙、奴役本能地反感、厭惡,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">並且不可讓渡,不可推諉,不可避免地起而反抗,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">即使需要把一切典押給苦難、孤獨和死亡。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">另一類人在一切方面都正好相反。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;劉賓雁與毛澤東、鄧小平們不僅屬於截然不同的中國人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">甚至屬於不同類型的人類。右後者看來,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">1957年反右運動是必要的,數以萬計的右派分子即使含冤蒙恥,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">偉大的戰略目標本身也是不可譴責的。即使從歷史功利出發,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁也與1957年反右運動始作俑者們有著大不一樣的結論:&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">反右派運動給中國和中國共產黨造成的傷害是致命的。從此,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">知識分子和干部將只有極少數人有勇氣對黨和政府提出批評。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">黨組織腐敗的傾向,黨中央和毛澤東錯誤的決策、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">對毛澤東的個人迷信將暢行無阻。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">黨內與社會民主將不是逐步擴大而是不斷縮小,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">直到實行法西斯專政。繼1958、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">1960年人為的經濟大災害而來的1966&#8212;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">1976年人為的政治浩劫,將使中國遠遠落後於世界,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">並在1976年以後漫長的時間裡繼續咀嚼苦果,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">為每一步緩緩的前進,付出昂貴的代價。而所有這一切,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">都是來源於1957&#8212;1958年的反右派鬥爭&#8221;。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1957年反右運動奠定了共產黨一黨獨大、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">毛澤東一人獨裁的局面,塑造了中國半個世紀的基本特征。這一年,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">也成為劉賓雁在中國大難來臨之際,獨自吶喊獨自悲歌的苦難開篇。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">從此,劉賓雁的&#8220;革命的良心&#8221;破碎支離,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">毛式共產裁判所把他判定為永遠的異端。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1956&#8212;57年度在蘇俄和中國發生的事件,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">對這兩個共產極權社會都具有決定性的意義。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">蘇俄經過四十年的革命、尤其斯大林四分之一世紀的殘暴統治後,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">人道和自由的信念開始復蘇,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">社會主義作為國家制度和歷史道路的抉擇面臨前所未有的反思,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">民主、法制、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">基本人權在斯大林及其同伙退出歷史舞台後開始要求得到起碼的尊重</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">。俄國一千年的東正教救贖傳統、三百年面向西方的正面經驗、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">俄羅斯知識界一個世紀追求自由、人道和真理的偉大精神遺產,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">以及無辜、淳樸、兩手干淨的俄國人民,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">已經不能繼續容忍遠比羅曼諾夫王朝和所有沙皇更為暴虐和偽善的政</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">權了。赫魯曉夫和戈爾巴喬夫,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">是命運安排來履行俄國歷史良心的共產黨人。然而,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">即使在擁有如此深厚、強大自由傳統的俄國,自由對奴役的勝利,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">仍然要在斯大林主義被埋葬三十五年後才會蹣跚而來。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 中國卻在那個年度災難性地轉向黑暗。毛澤東還有二十年時間,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在中國全盤推行斯大林主義,並且在赫魯曉夫對斯大林的&#8220;鞭屍&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">後總結出兩條&#8220;教訓&#8221;:一、發動一次又一次黨內鬥爭,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">清除掉中共的赫魯曉夫;二、發動一次又一次政治運動,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">把全體人民和整個社會劫持到中國特色的暴政中來。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;這個年度,既是秦始皇&#8220;焚書坑儒&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">和兩千年東方專制主義的大復辟,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">是斯大林主義的幽靈在中國的復活,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">又是登峰造極的毛式共產極權主義的恐怖元年。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;四十年後,劉賓雁&#8220;仍然相信,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果毛澤東不在1957年和1958年兩次發狂,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國絕不會是一個今天這樣窮困和落後並且危機四伏的國家。然而,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">畢竟是中國人民允許甚至歡迎過毛澤東把他們一步步引向一個又一個</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">災難!&#8221;殷憂啟聖,劉賓雁在這個年度的出場,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">命中注定他將與人民一起經受磨難,走向覺醒,迎接新的考驗。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">《劉賓雁的遺產》(上篇) 全文完</span>