劉賓雁的遺產( 下篇)

<div style="text-align: center;"></div> <br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1986就年年底,安德烈&#8226;薩哈羅夫接受戈爾巴喬夫邀請,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">返回莫斯科。到1989年,蘇聯權威的《論據與事實》</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">進行的民意測驗表明,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">薩哈羅夫是比包括戈爾巴喬夫在內的所有政治人物更孚眾望的人物。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這年年底,薩哈羅夫猝然去世,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">戈爾巴喬夫率全體政治局委員向被安德羅波夫稱為&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">蘇聯最大的人民公敵&#8221;的棺柩脫帽致敬。戈爾巴喬夫稱死者是&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">俄國歷史上關鍵時刻總會出現的聖者,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他留給俄羅斯的遺產不是我們一時能夠理解的&#8221;。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;在此之間,劉賓雁先被第二次開除中共黨籍,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">後被當局取締公民權,這名&#8220;中國的良心&#8221;從此被禁止回國。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">與1956&#8212;57年、1979年一樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國與蘇俄各自按照自己的歷史邏輯和時代節奏,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在1989年前後再次分道揚鑣。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;十月革命作為俄國道路的惡性轉折,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">把俄羅斯帶進74年的血腥泥淖。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">歷史以罕見的清晰和完整的圖景留下了它的興亡歷程。根據拿破侖、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">希特勒在俄羅斯的失敗可知,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">面對蘇俄強大的常規和核軍事力量和綜合國力,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">西方主要國家聯手發動一場侵蘇戰爭(當然不可能),</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">蘇俄國內所有反蘇反共力量同時起事反抗,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">也不可能摧毀這個比歷史上任何帝國都強大的赤色帝國。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">導致蘇聯解體、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">蘇共下台的根本原因出自一種異乎尋常而又極為普通的力量。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">與十月革命爆發一樣,源自蘇俄歷史、社會和人民。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">由於斯大林主義的特征沿襲了沙皇帝國的老路,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">始終拒絕源於道德和救贖精神的自由、民主、真理,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而無力將暴政與人民的虛假一致維持到底。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">蘇俄的全部危機乃是傳統專制帝國固有的危機,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">從赫魯曉夫到戈爾巴喬夫,一旦良知和智慧在蘇共上層占據優勢,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">整個專制帝國就難以為繼,而人民天然站在他們一邊,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">沒有一個支部、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">甚至一個人願意為處於生死關頭的蘇俄紅色帝國流一滴血的事實,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">證明了那個偉大的鐵則:得人心者得天下,仁義不施,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">攻守之勢異也!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1989年,這道鐵則在中國失靈了。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;胡耀邦的良知高度和人道情懷並不低於赫魯曉夫,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">趙紫陽的政治見解和國家危機意識也不遜色於戈爾巴喬夫,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">更勿需說中國還有一場文化大革命,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">包括鄧小平在內的中共新當局都親身領教過毛澤東的殘暴和虛偽。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是,中國沒有按照道德、良知、理智和真理的指引,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而是按照另一種邏輯,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">走上另一條中國和世界歷史未曾出現過的道路。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 索爾仁尼琴指出:除了基督教可以醫治俄羅斯的靈魂外,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">看不到任何有生氣的精神力量。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">無論斯大林主義在俄國具有何等深厚的土壤,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">犯下何等不可寬恕的滔天大罪,蘇俄有何等強大的軍事力量、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">警察統治和意識形態壟斷,但是從赫魯曉夫的&#8220;秘密報告&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">到戈爾巴喬夫的&#8220;公開性&#8221;,一旦知道歷史真相,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">俄國人民就會產生何等令人震驚和欽佩的道德勇氣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">棄若敝履般地棄絕這個曾令世界眩目膽寒、令蘇聯人民&#8220;無比自豪&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">的暴政。其中的奧秘既深刻又樸實:上帝委托拉吉舍夫、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">莫爾德維諾夫、陀思妥耶夫、托爾斯泰、別爾嘉耶夫、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">梅烈日科夫斯基、肖斯塔科維奇和索爾仁尼琴等俄羅斯聖徒、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">天才們植下的信仰、希望和愛,從來沒有被斯大林們&#8220;改造&#8221;過來,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">蘇俄人民和大地從來沒有被鐮刀、斧頭徹底征服。一個依然淳樸、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">善良、高尚的人民與一個充滿血腥、邪惡和謊言的殘暴帝國之間,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">可能共存於歷史(七十四年),而絕無可能持續到永遠。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;中國沒有東正教(中國並不拒斥任何宗教),</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">沒有天堂的企盼和地獄的懲罰,但中國絕不會變成上帝的棄地。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">數量不具有決定性的意義,中國能孕育劉賓雁,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">就表明它與俄國一樣,同在上帝注目中。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;作家鄭義說動劉賓雁在1989年4月回國。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果這一動議成為現實,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">天安門廣場群龍無首的民主運動出現劉賓雁魁梧的身影,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">以他在億萬中國人(包括共產黨內外)、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">尤其青年和大學生中的巨大聲望,歷史可能出現截然不同的前景。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這種可能,並非天方夜譚。當社會置身巨大變革狀態時,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">歷史偶然性和突發事件常常會顯示重要的力量;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">當一個民族茫然失措、舉步維艱而又必須作出抉擇時,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">傑出人物的出現或缺席,會使歷史向截然不同的方向發展。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;君士坦丁把自己的身份由&#8220;護教者&#8221;,改為教會&#8220;改宗者&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">無論對於基督教還是羅馬帝國都是意外而重大的事件。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果羅伯斯庇爾沒有說出&#8220;共和國對於它的敵人什麼也不欠,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">只欠貸以一死&#8221;,千百萬法國人未必會染上恐怖狂想,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而拿破侖未必那樣輕易地把政權篡奪過來。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;如果希特勒被施道芬堡的炸彈送到地獄,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">歐洲戰場的硝煙很可能提前兩年散去。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;與這一動議最切近的事例是,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果列寧沒有在四月份從瑞士趕回彼得堡,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果他沒用用只有他才具有的革命直覺和雄辯(&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">俄國革命和世界革命的成功就依靠這兩三天的戰鬥!&#8221;&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">要麼現在就動手,要麼永遠不動手!&#8221;&#8220;變帝國主義戰爭為內戰!&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&#8220;和平,土地,面包!&#8221;),</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果列寧沒有一個一個地說服他的同事們,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果德國沒有履行與列寧的口頭契約,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">那麼當時支配布爾什維克的托洛茨基、加米涅夫、季諾維耶夫、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">穆拉諾夫和斯大林很可能與臨時政府和克倫茨基合作,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">起義就會被消滅在血泊中,德國的軍隊就會占領彼得格勒和莫斯科,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">列寧本人和他的同志們就會遭到卡爾&#8226;李蔔克內西和羅莎&#8226;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">盧森堡在德國遭受的命運。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;可惜,這一切都沒有出現。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;劉賓雁去世前承認自己對中國問題的看法,&#8220;過於天真和樂觀了&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">。其實,正是在美國,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在從天安門廣場易地到自由新大陸的自由主義者中間,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁關於人民發生變異的天才洞見,再次得到證實。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;劉賓雁在自由之邦,有了新的發現,&#8212;&#8212;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他從1957年到1979年到1988年春天離開祖國前對中國的</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">發現的延伸。他發現,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國人已在自己身上和內心染上毛澤東的毒素,對權力、欲望、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">野心和鬥爭的興趣和熱情,遠遠大過對自由、民主、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">人道的堅守和追求。在極度失望之余,劉賓雁像耶酥一樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">對那些贏得了自由卻依舊權欲熏心的人們喊問:你們講一點良心吧?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1949年以來,兩三代人在毛式極權統治下,道德破敗殘缺,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">精神和人格結構充斥著奴性(奴隸和奴隸主)和物化,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">靈魂世界蒼白空洞,無所信奉。任何外在自由、民主、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">平等都不可能輕易在這種精神結構和心靈秩序中完成脫胎換骨的置換</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">。人性的啟蒙和道德的排毒,仍然是中國的最大難題。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁關於中國社會人妖顛倒、人性蛻化的發現,至今是中國歷史、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">制度、社會等領域中的&#8220;經典力學&#8221;。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&#8220;中南海越來越不重要&#8221;,問題仍然在人、人民身上。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁太天真,但決不簡單,不浮淺,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">還沒有第二個中國人像他一樣,如此天才而深刻、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">痛苦而本質地發現了中國,洞察並預言了中國的命運。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;失去祖國的劉賓雁在花甲之年後,走上自己悲涼而蒼茫、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">孤獨而輝煌的人生末路。在孤絕、疾病、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">死亡和流亡者固有的所有艱辛困苦中,劉賓雁一如繼往地心系祖國,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">掛念人民,直到最後時刻,還堅信&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們真正是在黎明之前那個最黑暗的時候&#8221;。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;在中國歷史上,在近代以來為中國尋求出路的人們當中,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁的道德、人格、精神、思想和靈魂,堪稱一流。他&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">從我們中間飛逝而去&#8221;不到一年,他留下的遺產,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">將在未來的歲月裡,在中國即將來臨的重大變革中,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">逐漸為後世所感領、所繼承。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;一</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;在我們的地球上,我們確實只能帶著痛苦的心情去愛,只能在苦</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">難中去愛!為了愛,我們甘願忍受苦難。我希望,我渴求,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">流著眼淚,只親吻我離開的那個地球。我不願,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">也不肯在另一個地球上死而復生!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&#8212;&#8212;【俄】費奧多爾&#183;米哈伊洛維奇&#183;陀思妥耶夫斯基</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2005年12月5日凌晨零時25分,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁在太平洋彼岸美利堅合眾國新澤西州羅伯特伍德詹森醫院溘然</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">長逝。是時天降大雪。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;五十年前,一個春天的凌晨零時25分,阿爾伯特&#8226;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">愛因斯坦在鄰近一個小鎮的特倫頓教堂火化。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;愛因斯坦的摯友,用兩百年前歌德悼念席勒的詩句為他送行,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">同樣的詩句,在中國內地劉賓雁的靈堂前響起:</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;我們全都獲益不淺,</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;全世界都感激他的教導;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;那僅屬於他個人的一切,</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;早已傳遍芸芸眾生。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;像轉瞬即逝的彗星,華光四射,</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;他把自己與無限永恆的光芒,永相連結。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;愛因斯坦不僅因為&#8220;深刻地進入了人類思想基本概念的結構中&#8221;(</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">郎之萬:《向阿爾伯特&#8226;愛因斯坦致敬》,《紀念愛因斯坦譯文集》</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">,上海科學技術出版社1979年版,245頁),因為&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">堅不可摧的懷疑精神和獨立性&#8221;(</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">《愛因斯坦文集》,商務印書館1981年版,第一卷第10頁),</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">還因為&#8220;他在為人處事和道德領域中最偉大的品質,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他的仁慈和英勇,他的靈魂的高貴&#8221;(粒肯:《</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">愛因斯坦七十歲壽辰賀詞》,《現代物理學理論》(Reviews</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">of Modern Physics),1949年第2卷)而獲得不朽。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 按其所屬民族、時代、信仰、職業、性格,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁屬於與愛因斯坦完全不同的類型,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而他一生對中國真相和塵世真理的探究及其達到的深度,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">以及由此償付的人生代價所顯示的英勇莊嚴,同樣撼人心脾,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">感人至深,同屬人類抵御虛無與荒誕,堅守希望和救贖的不朽典型。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 愛因斯坦相信,&#8220;在我們之外有一個巨大的世界,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">它離開我們人類而獨立存在。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">它在我們面前就像一個偉大而永恆的謎。&#8221;(</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">《阿爾伯特&#8226;愛因斯坦:哲學家&#8212;科學家》(Albert Einstein:</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">Philosopher-Scientist),</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">紐約Tudor公司出版,1949年)</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他耗費了數倍於建立相對論的心血,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">試圖完成宇宙統一引力場理論體系,重構全部物理學,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">從而一勞永逸地打開通往未知世界的大門。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這位科學天才在臨終前承認,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">自己四十年間嘔心瀝血為之奮鬥的目標,仍然只是一個杳渺的夢想。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;劉賓雁以八十高齡客死異鄉。他念茲在茲、魂牽夢繞的中國,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">自由始終沒有降臨,民主始終遙遠,始終沒有出現讓他感到釋然、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">欣慰,可以含笑瞑目,撒手歸去的朕兆。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中共當局對他的回國要求不予答復,他&#8220;把腳放在祖國土地&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">上的夙願被冷酷地拒絕了。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;沒有誰能窮盡世界的浩瀚和宇宙的奧秘,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">沒有誰能徹底洞悉並根本改變我們時代特有的復雜情勢和特殊劫難。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">沒有一個中國人能單獨預告並影響他億兆同胞史所空前的吉凶禍福。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">即便如此,嚴肅地思索並生死與之的人們,即使不能、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">也勿需完全領悟到絕對真理和終極啟示,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他們也信守了個體生命與永恆神明之間無論先驗還是塵世的神聖契約</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">,從而在人類顯現其苦難而光榮的偉大歷程中,上升到不朽之列。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&#8220;從冰雪覆蓋的北歐瑞典到花團錦簇的東南亞曼谷,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">從寒風凜冽的中國西部到初雪漫天的美國東岸,到處都有人在難過,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在祈禱,在啜泣。&#8221;(</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">《像劉賓雁那樣生活&#8212;&#8212;劉賓雁治喪委員會第七號公告》)</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在當下這樣一個禮崩樂壞、浮囂茫然的世界,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">軸心時代以來人類文明及其存在本身遭逢空前挑戰和威脅的時代,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁在自己祖國被蓄意遺忘,在異國他鄉寂寞遁世之際,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">卻獲得了一次世界性的復活,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">為自己和中國贏取了一次久違的特別贊譽:</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;這個躺在花叢中的人,這麼棒,這麼完美,這麼壯麗。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在今天這個墮落的時代,劉賓雁的離世,代表著一個時代、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">一個舊時代、好時代、高尚時代的結束。他的去世,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">就人民所廣泛激起的崇高情感和精神,實際是一次國喪。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&#8212;&#8212;鄭義(中國作家)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;潘恩抗議專制與貧窮,正如賓雁反對專制與不公。像潘恩一樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁對整個世界充滿熱情。托瑪斯&#8226;潘恩這句話,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">是對劉賓雁恰如其分的寫照:&#8220;世界是我的祖國,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">所有人類都是我的兄弟。&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">全世界都應該因為劉賓雁帶給我們的一切而感激他。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&#8212;&#8212;邵德廉(Dan Southerland,美國自由亞洲電台副總裁)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;蒼天在上,大地在下,這中間有個人,這個人就是劉賓雁。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">現在他不在了。他的</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;去世使我感到虛空。沒有人像劉賓雁那樣了解中國。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">是他使我懂得了中國。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&#8212;&#8212;林培瑞(美國普林斯頓大學教授)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 一個享譽國際的作家和記者的聲音,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">一個不論在其祖國還是在流亡中的人性、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">勇氣和愛心從不妥協於迫害、威脅或利誘的聲音,終於安息了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">然而,他的警示&#8212;&#8212;人</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">的尊嚴和誠實在任何時候都必須維護,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">民主原則和實踐是要人人為之奮鬥和捍衛的人類共同財富&#8212;&#8212;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">將繼續在世界上回蕩,響亮而清晰。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&#8212;&#8212;伊爾利&#8226;格魯沙(國際筆會主席)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;喬安尼&#8226;利多姆&#8226;阿克曼(國際筆會秘書長)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;卡琳&#8226;克拉克(國際筆會獄中作家委員會主席)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;我們久久思索:這個剛剛逝去的人究竟是誰?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他不是偉大的政治家如華盛頓,不是常勝的軍事家如拿破侖,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不是傑出的思想家如海耶克,他也不像愛因斯坦窺視了宇宙的秘密,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&#8230;&#8230;那麼,他怎能在如此廣闊的地域激起如此深刻的情感?&#8230;&#8230;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這個劉賓雁究竟是誰呢?</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&#8212;&#8212;(《像劉賓雁那樣生活&#8212;&#8212;劉賓雁治喪委員會第七號公告》)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 二</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; 我即使失去自己的這只手,&#8212;&#8212;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; 哪怕是兩只手!我也一定要用嘴唇</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; 在斷頭台上簽署:使我心碎腸斷的土地&#8212;&#8212;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; 是我的驕傲,是我的祖國!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&#8212;&#8212;【俄】瑪琳娜&#8226;茨維塔耶娃</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 伏爾泰作為法國啟蒙運動的領袖和百科全書派的忠實盟友,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">代表了整整一個時代。他那超群絕倫的橫溢才華,他那異常清晰、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">令人振奮的風格,捍衛了新的原則,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">表達了歐洲變革時代深受歡迎的思想。雨果、歌德、莫洛亞、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">狄德羅這些後起的文學和思想巨子,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">都以最華美的辭藻盛贊這位為人類建立自由與理性的王國作出了無與</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">倫比貢獻的文明英雄,&#8220;深刻、天才、有直覺、偉大、熱情、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">有魅力,富於創造性、令人著迷&#8230;&#8230;&#8221;但他們一致認為,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">伏爾泰之偉大既在於其宏富的思想著作,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">也在於他的勇氣和精神力量,他在近三十年顛沛流離生涯中,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">達到了思想和人格渾然一體的光輝極限。而最為後世景仰的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">是伏爾泰為《百科全書》辯護,為受害者伸冤(其中包括凱拉斯、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">西爾文、拉巴爾、蒙拜依、拉裡等案件),因此享有&#8220;歐洲的良心&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這一不朽的封號。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;在此之前,彌爾頓先後兩度&#8220;為英國人民辯護&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">為英國自由與共和事業的代表克倫威爾辯護,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">由此奠定憲章運動的精神基石,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">並對一個世紀後法國和美國的革命發生了深遠影響。此前此後,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">卡斯特裡奧不惜冒犯宗教裁制所為塞維特斯辯護,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">左拉則挺身與法國總參謀部對抗,為德雷弗斯鳴冤。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;茨威格認為伏爾泰和左拉都是偉大的人道主義者,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">歐洲永遠的驕傲,但伏爾泰為凱拉斯辯護的時代比較講人道。而且,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">作為一個著名的作家,他可以指望得到國王和親王們的庇護。同樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">左拉有一支看不見的軍隊&#8212;&#8212;全歐洲和全世界的欽佩做靠山。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">伏爾泰和左拉無疑是拿他們的名譽和安逸冒風險,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但他們沒有一個是冒生命危險的。可那就是卡斯特裡奧敢做的。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;無論彌爾頓、伏爾泰、左拉還是卡斯特裡奧,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">都是歷史上人道主義和進步事業的不朽典範,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但他們為之奮鬥辯護的對像都是個別人物、個別事件(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">當然包含了高貴的正義性)。劉賓雁一方面同這些西方先驅一樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">用筆為一個時代的正義而戰鬥,同時也用更艱難、充滿更大風險的&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">東方風格&#8221;,為無計其數的老百姓鳴冤叫屈。劉賓雁的家,客廳,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">書房,辦公室,曾經堆滿數以萬計的申抗訴材料,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁曾在他的鬥室接待了許多素昧平生的&#8220;上訪者&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">動用一切關系和辦法(寫信,轉寄材料,打電話,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">外出采訪式開會時當面轉告)為他們抗辯。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在這些不幸的弱者和劉賓雁本人面前,則是比整個歐洲中世紀、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">英國斯圖亞特王朝復辟和法圖路易十四時代遠為黑暗、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">野蠻的專制統治,他兩手空空,前有二十二年的賤民經歷,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">後有永遠不能解除的異端身份,除了主持公道、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">仗義執言這類中國傳統精神資源外,一無所有。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;劉賓雁1979年訪問美國時,有人問他:你這樣批判極左派,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">當你有一天又回到一無所有的地步時你對於這幾年的選擇不後悔嗎?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁回答:&#8220;我不會後悔,絕不會後悔。我說過,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">萬一中國左派得勢(這僅僅是種假設),把我拉上斷頭台,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">我也心滿意足。我做了我應該故的事情,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而我做的事情發生了它應該發生的效果。我感到很幸運,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">我活下來了。我有過幾次死的機會,我也曾想到自殺。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但想到那些死去的人,我應承擔他們的擔子,人生不就是這樣嗎?&#8221;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;中國反對自由、拒絕民主的&#8220;共產反動派&#8221;,為時已晚地意識到,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁是他們權力王國中最難改造、不可歸化的異端和叛逆。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他並不是唐吉訶德在中國的再現,他身邊沒有任何桑丘式的隨從,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但不僅真相、正義和未來站在他這邊,而且人民辨認出了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁是他們真正的辯護士和代言人。&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">背後推動我前進的人們已宣示他們是更加強大的力量,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">因而我便有恃無恐了&#8221;。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 劉賓雁因此成為&#8220;中國的良心&#8221;。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 三</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;多麼寂靜!周圍是多麼空曠!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;多麼微薄,暗淡的霞光!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;像大家一樣,你也會消逝,我的朋友,可憐的朋友。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp;為什麼心中大海又波濤翻滾?</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &#8212;&#8212;【俄】安德列&#8226;別雷</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;西方由荷馬、奧維德、但丁領頭,東方由屈原、蘇東坡、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">顧炎武先行,&#8220;流亡&#8221;早已成為世界文學的偉大母題,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">成為世界通過苦難和孤獨走向各民族和各文明之間彼此認識、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">彼此接近的特殊橋梁,成為人類不分彼此、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">感同身受地履行自己沉痛而莊嚴的使命的&#8220;古拉格群島&#8221;。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;法國大革命作為歐洲十八世紀歷史風景的中心,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">開創了近代西方流亡文學的主流,並貫穿了整個十九世紀,海涅、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">拜倫、雨果等歐洲主要大國的文學天才,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">幾乎無一例外地走上了流亡之途,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">流亡文學成為新世紀偉大史詩的序幕。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 俄國十月革命出現的暴政和帝國,促成了俄國、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">也是世界史上規模最大的文學流亡,繼屠格涅夫、赫爾岑、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">奧加遼夫和涅夫拉索夫為代表的十九世紀僑民文學之後,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">俄國的大師和天才,幾乎全部流亡到了西方。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;劉賓雁在二十世紀末躋身世界性流亡文學的行列,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在他身後是中國共產革命腥紅而濃黑的歷史,是改變了中國、蘇聯、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">歐洲和世界歷史版圖的&#8220;六&#8226;四運動&#8221;。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;由於胡耀邦被廢絀,在趙紫陽安排下,劉賓雁在&#8220;禁阻&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">多年後獲准接受哈佛大學邀請出國。又由於&#8220;六&#8226;四運動&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">突然爆發,&#8220;中共反動派&#8221;取締了他回國的權利,從此,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">正式成為跨世紀的流亡者,直到去世。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;劉賓雁的八十人生,是現代中國命運神喻式的投射,像一個縮影,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">一次結晶,一線穿透烏雲的閃電,使沉默的中國有了一次代言,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在反復出現的歷史退潮中,成為礁石和航標燈。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">把劉賓雁與西方和蘇俄的精神巨人作簡單比較,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">決不是對後者的辱沒,&#8212;&#8212;一道神聖使命垂降在他們共同的天空:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">使人類不朽,使自由永存。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;伏爾泰先後開罪了路易十四、路易十五兩朝專制君王,在倫敦、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">柏林、瑞士和世外桃源般的小城西雷流亡了近三十年。完成了《</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">形而上學》、《愷撒之死》、《哲學辭典》等巨量著述,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">並在83歲高齡時&#8220;神靈般&#8221;地榮歸巴黎。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 十八年的流亡歲月,帶給雨果持續不已的創作靈感,僅僅一部&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">非人工所為&#8221;的《悲慘世界》、一部氣魄宏大的史詩般的評論專著《</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">莎士比亞論》、一部氣勢磅礡的長篇小說《海上勞工》,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">已經足以使這位文豪的光輝因為流亡而更加眩目,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">足以使他以八十高齡回到巴黎時,受到凱旋式的歡呼,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">足以使他留下讓後世所有自由靈魂聞而永銘的名句:當我歸來時,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">自由也將降臨,足以讓他享受二百萬法國人組成的&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">東方式的豪華葬禮&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">足以讓他在先賢祠永遠面對法語世界最堂皇的贊辭:偉大的人物&#8212;&#8212;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">祖國的謝忱。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;同樣的十八年,在美國佛蒙特卡文迪什小鎮俄羅斯式的鄉間小屋(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">祖國的縮影,故鄉的像征),索爾仁尼琴完成了&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">再現整個二十世紀俄國和蘇聯歷史&#8221;的史詩巨著《紅輪》,成為&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">俄羅斯唯一活著的文豪&#8221;。作者的妻子作為&#8220;第一讀者&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">通讀全書後,激動不已,&#8220;這是俄羅斯的《聖經》,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">能夠和古往今來所有偉大心靈對話的不朽作品&#8221;。索爾仁尼琴認為,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">《紅輪》超過了《古拉格群島》,是他一生中最重要的作品,&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">上帝給了我進行工作的全部條件,我在佛蒙特州生活了十八年,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">我不知道有哪個俄羅斯作家像我這樣生活過。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">所有有關俄羅斯的檔案資料都向我開放(那裡這些資料非常豐富),</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">我有責任創造俄羅斯革命的真實畫面,因為我知道,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">以後不會再創造出來了&#8230;&#8230;&#8221;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1992年,葉利欽總統訪美,&#8220;代表俄國、人民和良心&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">邀請索爾仁尼琴回國。1994年夏,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">索爾仁尼琴乘專門車廂穿越西伯利亞,經過一萬公裡充滿鮮花、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">眼淚、親吻的行程回到莫斯科,成為俄羅斯二十世紀末&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">歸返祖國的偉大流亡者&#8221;。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;四</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;祖國是每一個人神聖的秘密,就像他的降生一樣。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他借助這種神秘莫測、不可捉摸的聯系,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">通過母親的懷抱而與自己的祖先結合在一起,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">並被納入整個人類之樹,</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他通過祖國而與大地母親和上帝創造的萬物聯系起來。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp;&#8212;&#8212;謝爾蓋&#8226;尼古拉耶維奇&#8226;布爾加科夫</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 劉賓雁與這一切都似乎很遙遠。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 同樣的十八年,祖國始終沒有出現他日夜企望的&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">有利於人民的演變&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">浩瀚的太平洋把他與祖國從地理空間和內心距離上永遠地隔開了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">由於他&#8220;未采取和中共正面對抗的立場,又認為中國仍有希望&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">同樣流亡到美國的一位&#8220;著名激進派評論家&#8221;公開指責劉賓雁&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">隨時准備接受招安,正待價而沽&#8221;,決定在紐約召開&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁現像討論會&#8221;,聲稱與他劃清界線。&#8220;六&#8226;四&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">流亡者之間的&#8220;內鬥&#8221;使劉賓雁&#8220;深感不安&#8221;,致使他違背初衷,&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">先後卷入三個團體的是非問題&#8230;&#8230;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不時感到在沒有自由時未曾體味過的孤獨和悲哀。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在這塊自由土地上,流亡者中正當的論爭無法展開,是非顛倒,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">真偽混淆,正不壓邪,形形色色的小人和野心家如魚得水、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">正直者只能沉默和退場,竟一如在專制之下!&#8221;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;在劉賓雁去世後,他當年的一名追隨者立即公開聲稱&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">和劉賓雁分道揚鑣&#8221;,不僅指責他反西方、反自由,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而且揭發他在國內的作品充滿主觀情緒和個人好惡,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">其實是仗恃共產黨特權的產物。這名作者顯然對劉賓雁積怨已深,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他那些爛污手法,讓了解劉賓雁的正直良善之士難以卒讀。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁曾是這名猶大的恩師,遭人出賣、背叛,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">已數次在劉賓雁生活中出現。天上有知,他大概會以其特有的寬厚,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">輕輕一笑。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;所有的獨裁者和專制政權都需要歌功頌德,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">奴隸時代的精神遺產就是阿諛奉承。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">除了對上帝和自然的感恩贊嘆外,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">自由民主社會都容忍和鼓勵獨立判斷。作為&#8220;最不壞的制度&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">現代西方國家的重要精神性格,就是保護異端,把人的任何秉性,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">包括偏執、極端、絕對,批判和抗議的自由,以及最神聖、最隱秘、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">最高尚、最怪誕、最荒唐的傾向和愛好,上升和降低為常識。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">一切都可以質疑、否棄、表達。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在熱核武器和恐怖主義可能毀滅人類、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">航天器已飛向宇宙深處的今天,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">就連殘存的專制主義者都不願公然挑戰自由、民主、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">人權等現代普世價值了。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;從世界秩序的某種靜態平衡看,極權國家追求自由的奮鬥,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">絕不僅僅是享有西方社會人人不言自明且早已成為基本制度和日常生</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">活方式的現代文明,而是以自己的苦難和教訓充實、豐富它們。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而從現代世界史看,發生在蘇俄、東歐和中國的悲劇,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">西方作為相關的一方,負有特殊的責任。,更直白地說,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">西方維持了半個世紀的普遍自由、富裕與社會進步,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">與共產國家中堅持人道、寬容、批判,反抗專制、獨裁,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">反對窮兵黷武和激進民族主義一類對西方構成巨大威脅的英勇奮鬥,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不可分割。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;因為地球上只有西方實現了自由,共產國家裡向往自由的人們,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">只能把西方的價值和成就作為借鑒和榜樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但他們決不是簡單地要使自己變成西方世界的一部分,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而是為了實現自己同樣神聖傳大的本性。只有淺薄和別有所圖的人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">才在自由的國度裡吹噓自由。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;索爾仁尼琴在美國流寓了十八年,享受著這個國家的自由和安寧,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">卻從不頌揚這個自由人類的福國。他承認&#8220;美國幫助歐洲和亞洲&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">贏得了兩次世界大戰,美國以&#8220;世界上最大方、最慷慨的國家&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而聞名,同時認為西方的&#8220;種種時髦理論&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不能夠解決當今世界面臨的重大危機,也決定不了俄國的前途。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他在哈佛大學抨擊美國的拜金主義、實用主義和自由主義,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">譴責西方的物質成就妨礙了精神的自由發展,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">稱美國不能作為改造俄國的理想。他特別強調,&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們經受了精神上的歷煉,這種歷煉比西方的經驗要寶貴得多。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">艱難和令人窒息的壓抑生活培養了更堅強、更深刻、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">更有趣味的性格,這是安逸的西方難以企及的。&#8221;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;劉賓雁在美國度過了人生的最後階段,他&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">企圖從西方近百年社會科學和人文學科的成就的高度上重新認識中國</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&#8221;,在中國空間和精神上的彼岸,他&#8220;得到了天空、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">既遠離污濁又享有自由,從而以另一種方式深化了對中國的理解&#8221;。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他與索爾仁尼琴一樣,很少恭維西方。也許在他心裡,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">如同保持著節約的美德一樣(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">那是他那一代從貧窮和艱難中過來的中國人的基本品格之一),</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他也不濫用自由。事實上,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁天然地保持著西方從蘇格拉底以來的批判立場,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">對美國社會的危機,外交政策和世界戰略不斷發表批評和告誡。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;不能說劉賓雁由此從&#8220;中國的良心&#8221;變成了&#8220;世界的良心&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">至少可以說,他始終堅守著&#8220;個人的良心&#8221;。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;劉賓雁雖然把自己早早放到中國沉重的歷史天秤上,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但他始終不是&#8220;政治中人&#8221;,他甚至沒有明晰完整的意識形態。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">天真、單純、富於同情心和人道精神,足以支撐他面對混沌、齷齪、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">污穢不堪而撲朔迷離的中國政治旋渦。在任何意義上,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">惋惜或指責劉賓雁至死信仰馬克思主義和共產主義,至死還在&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">尋找共產黨&#8221;,至死不願否定革命雲雲,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">都是被功利和劣等政治俘獲而與劉賓雁相距何以道裡計的好事者們,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在這位精神巨人身後,攪起的浮泛泡沫。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;八十年流亡生涯裡,劉賓雁&#8220;先後在四家大學講學,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">三個研究團體工作。演講一百余場。1989&#8212;90年出過三本書。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">自是以後便把主要精力用於編輯刊物,《中國焦點》(英文月刊,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">出刊七年),《大路》(中文月刊,面向國內,出刊兩年)。為&#8216;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">由亞洲廣播電台&#8217;經常作評論&#8221;。劉賓雁屬於這樣一類人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他不是沒有個人雄心,他也有自負和高傲的時候。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是中國社會這個巨大無比的&#8220;存在&#8221;和&#8220;命運&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">更能滿足他天性中那種宏偉壯麗的史詩傾向。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他那些藐視平白通俗的文字和話語背後,跳動著豪傑、哲學家、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">鬥士和詩人的&#8220;英雄頌&#8221;和&#8220;歡樂頌&#8221;。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;劉賓雁不是一個賣弄哲理和名言的人,但他那些發自內心、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">泥土般樸拙的表白,勝過無數豪言壯語:&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在生活中有一點小小發現,說出兩句前人沒有說過的話,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">也未嘗沒有一點樂趣。但更重要的也許是:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">你抵制不了一個人的遭遇、一個事件或一種現像本身的誘惑,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">你想擱筆去寫小說,也不能自主。我們的生活實在太豐富了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">人民實在太可愛了,叫你欲罷不能。&#8221;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;兩千多年前,一個生命降在污穢的圈欄裡,他一生被權勢者恥笑、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">迫害,最終被釘上十字架。就在那個時刻,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">塵世的罪孽和苦難被擔當了,一道大愛之光掠過天空。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">四百六十年前,馬丁&#8226;路德不再在風吹殘葉中戰栗,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不再求告聖亞拿,相反,他能站在暴風雨中面對雷鳴電閃,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">坦然地說:這是我的立場,我不得不如此。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;直到生命最後一息,劉賓雁&#8220;始終密切追蹤國內和世界的演變,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">重點放在社會和人。回顧既往,深覺把中國、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">社會和人都看得過於簡單和浮淺了。&#8221;一名以中國、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">以人民為念的作家,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在自己的土地上早已抵御了創作不朽作品的誘惑,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他就很難在自由而陌生的他鄉異國重新開始文學性的創作了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">作為一個中國人,他&#8220;說了應該說的話,做了應該做的事&#8221;。&#8212;&#8212;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而這是絕大多數中國人沒有履行的責任,沒有達到的人生境界。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;局限、遺憾都被他帶走了。像所有人一樣,劉賓雁給這個世界,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他的祖國、人民、家人和每一個記得住他的人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">留下了只有他才能創造並且樂於與人們分享的遺產。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;幾乎成為一條鐵則,古今中外所有聖賢和先知,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">道德和精神王國中的傑出人物,都是偉大的叛逆者,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">歷屆宗教裁判所和勞改集中營裡置身黑暗面向光明的異端。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">一切人間的現時惡運和精神酷刑都會首先降落在他們頭上,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">都是他們獻身人類苦難與希望的明證。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">悲劇之所以誕生並且永遠催人淚下,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">就是因為他們在茫茫大荒和漫漫長夜中,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">自願為沒有墓碑的死者舉行祭禮,不讓暴君和惡人&#8220;太舒服了&#8221;;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">因為他們雖然憂端無限,壯懷激烈,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">卻隨時准備俯就和撫慰每一個孤苦無告的靈魂,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">為每一個嬰兒的啼哭欣喜莫名。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;劉賓雁是中國又一名忠誠而傲岸、堅貞而英勇的精神先驅,在這&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">白晝與黑夜&#8221;殊死較量的最後關頭,在這歷史即將破曉之際,把&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">良心&#8221;像聖餐一樣慷慨祭獻的殉道者;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他是我們這個洪水時代中的晃蕩方舟上,一名不曾挪動腳步的水手;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國十字架上一只永遠守望的歷史候鳥,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">永遠高翔於中國苦難與救贖天空的大雁。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;劉賓雁&#8220;不是孔子的信徒&#8221;,對中國文化傳統沒有系統、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">精深的思考。中國聖賢氣像和君子風骨,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">從來反對偶像崇拜和教條至上。孔子&#8220;述《六經》,猶殷勤&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">於西周聖賢箕子,後柳宗元贊嘆道:&#8220;凡大人之道有三,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">一曰正蒙難,二曰法授聖,三曰化及民&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國歷代仁人志士的遺風,明顯鐘注在劉賓雁一生中:&#8220;成仁取義&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">、&#8220;士志於道&#8221;、&#8220;寧鳴而死,不默而生&#8221;、&#8220;為天地立心,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">為生民立命,為往聖繼絕學,為萬世開太平&#8221;&#8230;&#8230;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;然而,劉賓雁確實不是道德本體式的中國聖人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">不是恪守道統的東方士大夫,他在精神氣質和人格特征上,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">更接近俄羅斯十九世紀以來的精神貴族、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">殉道者以及歐洲歷史上的人道主義者、異端和理想主義者。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;由於斯大林俄國和毛澤東中國對於二十世紀人類命運的特殊影響,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">由於先後洞悉和體驗了這兩個暴力帝國的起源和影響,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁的精神和生命本身,具有特殊的世界性,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">並進入了人類共同書寫的啟示:生命是為更高的目的而出現的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">人類不會因為仇恨和受苦、而是為了救贖和愛而存在。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在中國這樣一個比俄國歷史包袱更沉重、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">仇恨和暴力更可能演變為真正《啟示錄》式的浩劫的國家,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁的奮鬥對於世界的意義,也許要在若干年後,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">才能完全被世界認識到。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;梅烈日科夫斯基寫完《但丁傳》時感嘆說,基督教的希望只在&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">道成肉身&#8221;。他稱《神曲》作者一生&#8220;非為靜觀,而以行動&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">對世界具有&#8220;全新&#8221;的意義。在此之前,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">基督教一直通過靜觀內省把真理啟示於大地,惟有但丁&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">第一次在世界歷史的行動中把它顯示出來了。&#8221;但丁以其偉大的&#8220;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">心跳&#8221;&#8212;&#8212;和平、面包、自由&#8212;&#8212;取代戰爭、飢餓和奴役,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這是但丁以後世界的新的&#8220;三位一體&#8221;。七百年後,但丁的&#8220;心跳&#8221;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">被劉賓雁聽到了。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">讓我們再次引述與劉賓雁在同一片自由天空下呼吸過同樣潔淨的自由</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">空氣的愛因斯坦的名言,為他送行:</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;生命,這是一出激動人心的和輝煌壯觀的戲劇。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在這無窮無盡的生命中,個別的成員開始了或終結了,都無關宏旨。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">死去的我們將在保留於我們身後的事物中,獲得不朽。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;後 記</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;賓雁走後,一直沒有回過神來。曾為他設下百日靈堂,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">來者無不焚香祭拜,我也常孤立於他遺像前,心中始終一片空茫。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;寫這些文字,重慶連續數日&#8220;紅火大太陽&#8221;,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">成為全球氣候惡化的一個顯例,三峽工程禍貽當代、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">患及千秋的一個明證。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;樓下巨大工地上,幾十個民工頭頂烈日,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">為他們離開後才會聳然而立、永遠與他們無干的大樓挖掘地基。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">我在十一樓臨窗而坐,像中學生一樣引用俄羅斯的先哲和詩人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">為賓雁送行。我相信他和他們在一起,我懷著嫉妒的心情,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">看著他們用我所不懂的語言交談。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;很難把樓下的場景跟手中的稿紙連系起來,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而那曾經是賓雁多年間的專長。誠如鄭義先生言,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">即使沒有那些文學成就,劉賓雁本人也是一個奇跡。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;愛因斯坦在紀念居裡夫人時說,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">第一流人物對於時代和歷史進程的意義,在其道德品質方面,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">比單純的才智成就方面還要大,&#8220;即使是後者,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">它們取決於品格的程度,也遠遠超過通常所認為的那樣&#8221;。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">接下來的幾句話,好像是專為劉賓雁寫的:</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;由於社會的嚴酷和不平等,她的心情總是抑郁的。這就使得她</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">具有那樣嚴肅的外貌,&#8212;&#8212;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">這是一種無法用任何藝術氣質來解脫的少見的嚴肅性。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">居裡夫人的品格力量</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">和熱忱,哪怕只要有一小部分存在於歐洲知識分子中間,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">歐洲就會面臨一個比較光明的未來。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;決無為賓雁論定之意。鋪排這麼些宏句大詞,本不宜用在他身上。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">寫時又發現,賓雁其實是最浪漫最華美的中國人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他自帶一種大尺度,一派大氣像,不盡是東方的,很接近俄國,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">源頭極遠,也很近。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;幾乎在寫完最後一行的同時,窗外雲霧縱橫,一場豪雨垂天傾瀉,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">酷暑倏忽消逝,天地頓成清涼世界,宣告又一個秋季來臨。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">一襲天際線凌空巡行,晦盲幽昧間光影眩耀,其中可有他的目光、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他的靈氣?</span><div style="cursor: pointer; outline: none; padding: 10px 0px; width: 22px; color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><div id=":3u" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="隐藏展开的内容" data-tooltip="隐藏展开的内容" style="clear: both; line-height: 6px; outline: none; position: relative; width: 20px; background-color: #f1f1f1;"><img src="https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/images/cleardot.gif" style="height: 8px; opacity: 0.3; width: 20px; background: url(https://ssl.gstatic.com/ui/v1/icons/mail/ellipsis.png) no-repeat;" alt="" /></div></div>