<p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-numeric; text-autospace:ideograph-other; layout-grid-mode:char; vertical-align:; "><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">「雨傘運動」源於市民對政改特別是2017年普選特首的方式,和取消功能組別的訴求被中央和特區政府無視,遂以公民抗命方式爭取,最後演變成香港史上最大型的民間抗爭運動。回首過去兩年,其中一個對香港未來發展影響最深遠的因素是,政府對法治的理解和詮釋倒退到「依法辦事」;社會習慣人治、政治凌駕法治,最令人擔憂。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-numeric; text-autospace:ideograph-other; layout-grid-mode:char; vertical-align:; "> </p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-numeric; text-autospace:ideograph-other; layout-grid-mode:char; vertical-align:; "><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">「法治」在普通法地區代表什麼?「法治」一詞從何說起?古希臘思想家亞里士多德早已說過「基於法律而治,比一個人而治好」,因此「即使施法者都能守法」。已故前英國首席大法官Tom Bingham在其2010年著作《法治》中,提出了8個關於法治的意義,以下節錄首4點:</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-numeric; text-autospace:ideograph-other; layout-grid-mode:char; vertical-align:; "> </p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-numeric; text-autospace:ideograph-other; layout-grid-mode:char; vertical-align:; "><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">第一,法律必須易於普通人接近,盡量可被明白、清楚和可以預期。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-numeric; text-autospace:ideograph-other; layout-grid-mode:char; vertical-align:; "><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">第二,法律權利和責任的問題應以法律解決,而非酌情處理。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-numeric; text-autospace:ideograph-other; layout-grid-mode:char; vertical-align:; "><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">第三,法律面前一切平等,除非客觀差別許可。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-numeric; text-autospace:ideograph-other; layout-grid-mode:char; vertical-align:; "><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">第四,所有公職人員必須真誠、公平、合理地運用權力,不超越本來目的範圍,並不超越權力。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-numeric; text-autospace:ideograph-other; layout-grid-mode:char; vertical-align:; "> </p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-numeric; text-autospace:ideograph-other; layout-grid-mode:char; vertical-align:; "><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">以上洞見值得我們深思,因為公職人員和政府機關在處理佔領運動時,包括在執法和檢控程序上,不少地方已不符合以上原則,把法律變成壓制人民、控制社會的工具,一面指控示威者破壞法治,卻帶頭「以法治人」,達到政治目的。以政權凌駕於法律之上的中國式法治,這才是最徹底的破壞法治!</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-numeric; text-autospace:ideograph-other; layout-grid-mode:char; vertical-align:; "> </p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-numeric; text-autospace:ideograph-other; layout-grid-mode:char; vertical-align:; "><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">在眾多例子之中,最明顯的是9月底學生衝擊公民廣場後多位學生領袖被補,其中學民思潮的黃之鋒被逾時拘留,而不獲釋放、保釋或檢控,結果其律師申請人身保護令,由法庭命令警方釋放他。</span></p><div> </div><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-numeric; text-autospace:ideograph-other; layout-grid-mode:char; vertical-align:; "><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">「人身保護令」在12世紀英國已經出現,是在普通法下由法院受理申請所簽發的手令,如法院裁定政府、個人或機構無權禁錮一個人,它會指令釋放被禁錮的人,以此方式迫使法院決定拘押此人是否合法,是抗政府越權違法的最簡單而有效的司法行動之一。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-numeric; text-autospace:ideograph-other; layout-grid-mode:char; vertical-align:; "> </p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-numeric; text-autospace:ideograph-other; layout-grid-mode:char; vertical-align:; "><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">中央政府、建制派和左派媒體不斷對港人說「不守法,就是破壞法治」。把法治等同「依法辦事」,並非法治的本意,而是當權者的政治手段。弔詭的是,中央在十八屆四中全會卻提倡「追求法律至上、公平正義、尊重程序、保障人權的法治精神」。普通法的法治觀念中最重要的是防範不公義的公共力量,監管司法和執法的權力不受濫用,令人人可安全、有尊嚴地生活。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-numeric; text-autospace:ideograph-other; layout-grid-mode:char; vertical-align:; "> </p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-numeric; text-autospace:ideograph-other; layout-grid-mode:char; vertical-align:; "><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">Bingham大法官說,世上有些國家所有的裁決都是擁有權力的一方獲勝,不過,這大概不是你我想居住的地方。香港本來不是這樣,但法律至上、權大於法就是法治中國的特色。當權者的錯誤認知,是「以法治人」、全民守法便能繁榮穩定。維持法治的真義,以法限權、以法達義,才是最符合香港整體和長遠利益。這是香港人堅持「兩制」,繼續爭取和抗爭的原因。</span></p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-numeric; text-autospace:ideograph-other; layout-grid-mode:char; vertical-align:; "> </p><p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; padding:0pt 0pt 0pt 0pt ; text-autospace:ideograph-numeric; text-autospace:ideograph-other; layout-grid-mode:char; vertical-align:; "><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">(作者為</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">立法會議員</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">)</span></p>