<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">曾被誉为中国良心的前人民日报记者、已故流亡人士刘宾雁,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">其本身的道德价值是客观存在,并没变,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但他对当今中国社会的意义却随着中国的变化而被挖掘,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">并显得更加可贵。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">星期六,刘宾雁的一位好友说,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">八年来对刘宾雁的崇敬之情与日俱增,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而对他加深认识的唯一原因不是别的,正是中国这几年的道德沦丧。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">中国的这种变化反衬出了刘宾雁一贯坚持的道德标准、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">人文关怀对当今中国是多么宝贵的精神财富。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">这位刘宾雁的好友就是北明,她主持了星期六在纽约举行的“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">纪念刘宾雁先生逝世八周年暨《刘宾雁时代》新书发布会”。她说,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">“要是论思想,宾雁可能不如在座的大部分学者、专家和博士深刻;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">要是论政治,他可能不如我们所有在座的人彻底。但是,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">八年过去了,我们为什么还坐在这儿纪念他?”她自问自答道,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就是因为八年来中国“人心的败坏、道德的沦丧、礼乐的崩败”。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">《刘宾雁时代》是刘宾雁逝世后第一本记述他生平的著作,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">作者马云龙,六十年代毕业于北京大学,是中国新闻界的传奇人物,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">曾因报道刊登揭露官场腐败的文章而被革除他自己创办的《大河报》</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">常务副总编职务。旅美独立学者王康说,马云龙钦佩刘宾雁,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">接下写书任务后“息交绝友”闭门三年写出此书。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">该书着重描写刘宾雁在中国大陆的生活。在内容简介中作者写道:“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">刘宾雁的一生有无人堪比的传奇:他的‘右派’顶戴,由‘</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">第一代核心’毛泽东御赐;终被革出教门,放逐海外,则蒙‘</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">第二代核心’钦点;他流亡异国,终生不得归,又赖‘第三代’、‘</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">第四代’垂恩。”</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">刘宾雁运用介于新闻和文学之间的“报告文学”这种形式,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在上世纪五十年代和七十年代末、八十年代初写出了大量像《</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">本报内部消息》、《人妖之间》、《第二种忠诚》等揭露腐败、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">为民请命、在民间引起轰动、广受欢迎,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但却让中央和地方保护腐败和专制的官员咬牙切齿的作品。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">曾经在八九民运期间担任北京工人自治联合会成员、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">后流亡美国居住纽约的吕京花回忆1990年与刘宾雁初次接触的情</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">景,刘宾雁对了解底层民情疾苦的渴望给她留下了深刻印象。她说,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">刘宾雁的人格魅力是无价的,“如果他还活着,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">看到今天像江西刘萍那样因为呼吁官员公示财产而逮捕审判的维权人</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">士,一定会为他们写出更为精彩的报道。”</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">刘宾雁当年的人民日报宿舍常常充斥来自全国各地衣衫褴褛的上访人</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">士,王康回忆道。刘宾雁极其耐烦地听着用各种方言诉说的冤屈,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">并记在小本上;这样的小本他有70多本。王康说:“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">稍微聪明点的人都不会干这种事。”但是,“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">聪明的中国人遍地都是,缺的就是像刘宾雁这样比较‘傻’</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">的有良知的中国人。”王康举例,《人妖之间》发表后好评如潮,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">也引起当局警觉,也曾当过右派的王蒙说刘宾雁“胆子也太大了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">连陈世忠、倪育贤这种直接反毛的人物你也敢写?”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">刘宾雁听了傻乎乎地笑着说,“我又没做什么。”</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">为这部书写导读的流亡作家郑义说,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">为什么这个人在我们的心中激发了很崇敬的感情?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他引用邵燕祥先生的话说:刘宾雁“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">的人道主义思想导致的温情倾向,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他的天真轻信和善良又使他不可以最坏的恶意来推测中国的一些人和</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">事,不合常理处也就是超出常人处。”郑义说,的确,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">有严重人个缺陷或把斗争奉为偶像的人很难理解刘宾雁。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一位义无反顾、毕生反抗政治黑暗的斗士却又超越政治诉诸良知。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就是这种良知感动了他。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">郑义说,刘宾雁去世八年来还没有一个人可以填补“中国的良心”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">这个空白,在中国道德沦丧的今天,树立像刘宾雁这样的良知、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">悲悯和超越政治的善良的榜样,对今天的中国尤其重要。为此,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一些刘宾雁的朋友们发起建立“中国的良心奖”,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">以奖励具有人道情怀的人文写作,以纪念刘宾雁。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">与会发言者还有何频、王军涛、陈奎德丶胡平、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">高伐林丶张博树丶一平、薛海培、曾慧燕、成凯等。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">——————-</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">會場</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁在美國新澤西東溫莎鎮這棟住宅里,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">度過了生命最後五年時光。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">—————</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">《劉賓雁時代》新書發布會上的部分發言</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">理解了時代才能理解劉賓雁</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">胡平(《北京之春》主編)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 鄭義提到設一個劉賓雁獎,這是一個挺好的設想。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">現在各種名目的文學獎不少,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我建議劉賓雁這個獎是不是專門對記者,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">或者專門對報告文學或紀實文學,有針對性。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 《劉賓雁時代》這本書,今天剛得到,還沒有來得及看,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我想這個書名取得很好︰“劉賓雁時代”。想要理解劉賓雁,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就需要理解這個時代,除非我們對劉賓雁有很深刻的了解,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">才能對他所身處的時代有深入的了解。反過來,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果我們對那個時代不了解,我們也沒法理解劉賓雁的價值和意義。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 劉賓雁是個作家、是個記者,但是我們大家知道,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他雖然80高齡去世,應該說壽命也不算短,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是他能夠公開寫作的時間非常短,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而他留下來的文字作品數量上並不太多。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">1957年引起比較大影響的《在橋梁工地上》、《本報內部消息》</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">,到80年代影響大的就是《人妖之間》、《第二種忠誠》,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">要把他的作品整理出文選、文集,你會發現部頭並不是特別大。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而且我也懷疑沒有經歷過那個時代的人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">未必能看出他這些作品的分量。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 現在,我們在網上,甚至在官方的紙媒上,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">都能看到不少似乎更尖銳的針砭現實的文字和報道,是吧?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">今人恐怕就很難理解,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">為什麼賓雁這些東西當年會有那麼大的影響力?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">另外就是賓雁思想上的局限性問題,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">當年為什麼有那麼多劉賓雁一類的人會選擇共產黨?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁整個思想的變化是跟那個時代的變遷密切相關的。寫劉賓雁,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">要寫出他那個大時代,要把他放進那個大時代去寫。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這一點非常重要。當然我還沒看書,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我只是擔心這一點作者未必寫得特別深入。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而如果我們不從這方面下功夫的話,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">確實就會妨礙後人深刻地理解那個時代。別說後人了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就連經歷過當時的過來人,時過境遷,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">不要說50年代的整個政治氛圍很難想象,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就連80年代的那個社會氛圍,我們也很難想象了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">除非重現當時整個氛圍,我們才能深刻地理解劉賓雁。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 我們這個年齡段的人,“反右”沒經歷過,至少“文革”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">是經歷過的。現在別人問起我們在“文革”中的所作所為,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們都說當時我們很狂熱,但怎麼個狂熱法呢?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">那麼大的人不可能很狂熱啊,狂熱一天兩天可能,那麼多年,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">怎麼老狂熱啊?說不過去啊!一定有更深的東西在里頭,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這些東西需要很多解釋。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 我覺得最難表達的就是當年那種社會氛圍。“丹青難寫是精神”,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我覺得文字其實最難表現那個大的氛圍。具體地寫到某個人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他當時說的話、做的事,都不難很寫實地寫下來,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是你要讓讀者感受到當時整個社會的氛圍,這就非常非常難了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">幾十年來中國變來變去,變化很大,而且很特殊,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">都是以前沒有先例的,以後也幾乎是不可能重復的。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 記得20多年前,1990年,我去德國,見到漢學家馬漢茂。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">那時候,老鬼的《血色黃昏》那本書正走紅,紅衛兵一代都很稱贊,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">覺得這本書最原汁原味。可是馬漢茂就表示他看不懂,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">不明白當年老鬼為什麼要作出那麼多瘋瘋癲癲的極端行動。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這就是因為老鬼沒有把當時的大背景和社會氛圍交待清楚。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們是當事人,他不寫我們也記得,所以我們看得懂。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">換成別人只覺得莫名其妙,就看不懂了。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 我接觸過一些比較年輕的人,向他們推薦賓雁的一些作品。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他們看不出多大味道,和我們當時看劉賓雁作品時的感覺很不一樣。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁的作品,你說它“接地氣”,這是很大一個長處,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但也有一種限制︰一旦時過境遷,他的作品和他寫作時的“地氣”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">離得遠了,讀者就讀不出它的勁道了。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 賓雁在海外這麼多年,寫出的有分量的作品並不太多,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">因為他就是那一類作家︰他需要生活在中國,他需要接地氣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">親自感受到那種社會氛圍,他才能夠進入興奮的創作狀態,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">夜不能寐、奮筆疾書的勁兒才能出來。而出國之後,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他雖然不斷想了解中國的事,見人就打听,不管誰誰誰,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">只要來自中國他馬上要問情況,他很想了解那個東西。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁有很好的經驗儲備和知識儲備,也有時間有余暇,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">不至于像很多流亡者那樣不得不為了謀生而奔波。但是,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他並沒有寫出特別有分量的東西。我想,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">那不是因為他在理性上缺少有關的信息,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而是因為在感性上他進入不了那種狀態。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 現在國內有的作家,有意離開大都市,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">甚至還有意識地避開和文化圈里的人來往,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">待在一個小地方潛心寫作。這看上去和流亡作家的境況類似,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">其實不然。因為前者還是在那種氛圍里、那個場里,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">後者卻很可能是在那種氛圍、那個場之外。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">至少對劉賓雁這一類流亡作家來說是這樣的。這個問題很有意思,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">也許有助于我們了解賓雁的人和文。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 剛才鄭義也談到“中國的良心”這個問題。1997年,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">王朔到美國訪問,和大家聊天,他說了一句——說的還挺對︰</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">王朔那個時候很紅,王朔說,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他們這些走紅的作家和80年代走紅的作家不一樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">80年代走紅的作家,例如劉賓雁,是道義形象,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">大眾把他們看作道義英雄,很尊崇;後來走紅的作家,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">像王朔說的他自己,就缺少這種道義光環,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">並不被大眾當成道義英雄,他們可能更被大眾喜歡,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但沒有那麼尊崇。這個觀察很深刻。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 這一點在賓雁身上體現得特別鮮明。為什麼在那個時候,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">象賓雁這樣的作家和他們的作品會起到那麼一種作用,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">會輻射出道義光芒?光看文本不一定就能看得很清楚。所以,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">從這個角度來說,對賓雁的整個研究都還有很大的余地。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 賓雁的思想確實很多和我們在座的想法不一樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他正代表了那些早年被共產主義所吸引的熱血青年,又喜好文學——</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這兩條常常是連在一塊兒的。雖然馬克思寫了大部頭的《資本論》,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是沒幾個人是看了《資本論》去參加共產革命的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">看左翼文學作品的人多得多。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">後來他們又由于原來固有的那種人文情懷、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">那種人道主義精神和共產革命發生摩擦,和共產制度發生矛盾。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">其實也不只是賓雁這樣的中國知識分子,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">東歐也有很多知識分子是這個樣子的︰他們反抗這個制度,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">反抗這個體系,但是對有些東西還是有些戀戀不舍,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">總希望從里面挖掘出一些有價值的東西出來。特別是後來,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在甦聯東歐事件發生之後,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">覺得整個社會主義共產主義理想煙消雲散,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">和那套理想連在一塊兒的整個烏托邦憧憬也沒有了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">到頭來人們發現,人類好像沒有了未來——</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">未來只不過是今天的重復。未來世界會是怎樣的呢?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">無非是車開得更快,房子住得更大,電腦的速度更快、功能更多……</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">人們已經想象不出另外一種不同的社會制度安排了。早先,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">人們描繪未來世界時,常常描繪得很美好、很理想;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">可是現在人們描繪未來社會,不論是電影還是小說,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">全說的是大災難,要麼是外星人入侵,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">要麼是恐怖分子劫持了全世界,要麼是地球爆炸,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">總之都不是什麼好事。共產主義死了,連帶著烏托邦也死了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">人們已經想象不出一種在本質上和今天不一樣的社會,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">想象不出一種在制度上更美好更完美的社會。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 這就讓劉賓雁這樣的知識分子若有所失,很失望。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們在座的就沒有賓雁那種沉重的失望,沒有那種烏托邦情結。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們當然知道西方也有很多弊病,自由民主遠遠不是十全十美。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">不過我們認為這些都不那麼重要。畢竟,自由民主是好東西,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在中國實現這些東西還很重要,很有意義。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們更關心的是消除現有的、顯而易見的、更重大的罪惡;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">至于是不是有一種更美好更完美的社會,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這個問題對我們不那麼重要。我們這種想法更實在,對吧?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">消除罪惡本來確實就比實現完美實在得多,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">消滅地獄要比建立天堂實在得多,對于人類社會也重要得多。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">更何況我們還大可懷疑,人間天堂是不是可能?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">是不是就真的更美好?在這個問題上,我們和賓雁的思想有差別。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這一點也是值得深入探討的。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁遺產:文明的核心要素</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一平(詩人,中國人權編輯)︰</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 剛才胡平說的那一點很重要︰要認識劉賓雁,首先要認清這個時代—</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">—從1949年一直到今天,實際上中國是同一個時代,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就是極權制度的時代,這個極權制度,嚴重一點說,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">它實際上是反人類文明歷史的一種制度;這個時代,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">從根本性上來說,是對文明的一種根本性的摧殘和毀滅的時代。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">從這一點來說,今天我們看到中國禮崩樂壞、道德淪喪,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">實際上是這種制度帶來的必然結果,並不是發展經濟、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">改革開放造成的。這種制度從根本上摧毀了文明,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而文明的一個核心價值,就是具體到每一個人如何做人的問題,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這是文明的終極問題。那麼劉賓雁的價值、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他給我們的一個最重要的遺產,就是在一個摧毀文明、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">摧毀文明核心價值的時候,他保存了文明最核心的東西︰</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在這樣的一個時代如何做一個人。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 我想了想,劉賓雁有幾個詞,這幾個詞可能正是文明核心的要素。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一個是︰善良;第二個是︰誠信;第三個是︰公義;第四個是︰</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">責任;第五個是︰勇氣。劉賓雁身上保存了文明的這幾種東西。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">實際上他的思想、他的作品、他的見解,都有很大的局限性。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我不認為劉賓雁是一個偉大的思想家、偉大的作家,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是在這樣一個文明被摧毀的時代,他使人達到了一種完美——</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">保持了人格的完美性,這是他留給我們的最珍貴的價值。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">今天中國最糟糕最糟糕的問題,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就是這種制度摧毀了每一個人做人的信念,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">每一個人喪失了做人的價值標準。無論你是左派、你是右派,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">你信仰什麼主義,但做人的問題被摧毀了!</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在我們身邊可以看見很多人,堅決地反共,堅決地追求自由主義,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是作為一個個人,道德是非常不可取的。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁在這一點上超越了思想,超越了主義,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">保留了文明的核心價值。這就是他留給我們的遺產。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這是我要說的第一點。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 第二點,劉賓雁至死都認為自己是一個社會主義者,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這也是很多自由主義人士對他進行批判的要點。但是我更深遠地想,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這實際上也是他精神遺產的一部分。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國的思想在概念上發生了很大的混亂,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">因為中國的極權制度是自稱“社會主義”的,實際上是完全糟蹋了“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">社會主義”這個概念。社會主義這個概念,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">按照西方的馬克思主義理論來說,並不是中國這種極權模式,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">即使在社會主義運動中,也有第二國際、有考茨基、伯恩斯坦,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這條線索,一直延伸到今天,像西方民主制度的進步,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">西方福利制度的建設,社會安全保障體系的建設,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這條線索都是一脈相承的,我們不能完全否認這一點。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁在這種情況下——一方面是共產黨極權的巨大的壓迫和迫害,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">另一方面中國思想界人士非常簡單化地完全否定社會主義,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他內心依然有他的社會主義的信念,是有他的道理的。第一,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他反抗專制,這個劉賓雁是沒得說的;還有一個,是堅持社會公義,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">反對資本的、無節制的掠奪;同時還有第三點,同情勞苦大眾,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">同情人民。而這些東西,都是中國現在恰恰需要的。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而中國由于缺少這種思想資源,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國的左派們一下就倒向了毛澤東主義!這是中國一個很大的悲哀。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國其實缺少真正的左派,中國的左派是假左派,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一方面擁護共產黨的專制制度,從中得到好處;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">另一方面反對西方的民主自由。真正的左派,應該是反對極權,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">是堅持社會民主主義的這樣的左派。中國恰恰需要真正的左派力量,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁實際上就是這個力量的代表——社會民主主義,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁的社會理想是北歐模式。我覺得,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國未來是非常需要這種政治力量的。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 第三點,劉賓雁始終保持了中國知識分子的理想精神和批判精神。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他來到美國以後,仍然保有對社會主義的理想,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他有對美國制度的批判,我們自由主義人士很多人因此而批判他。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但作為一個知識分子,他有一個更高遠的理想主義、有批判精神,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">實際上這是獨立知識分子應該具有的品格。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果美國或者西方缺少了這種批判精神,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">那麼這個主義很快就會墮落,西方的民主制度也會墮落。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他保持了知識分子的批判精神和理想主義——</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">不在于他批判的是錯還是對,但是要堅持這種批判精神和勇氣。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在美國敢于批判美國,實際上這是很高尚的思想,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">說明他有更高的理想主義精神。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 主持人北明︰我覺得一平的發言深得我心,而且我覺得到目前為止,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他的發言最能代表我們今天的主題——當然這是我個人看法。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">有一平的發言,我覺得我就不需要發言了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一平的發言完全能代表我要想說的話,而且總結得非常精到。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我眼里他不是偉人,是純真、善良的人</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">馮勝平(美國獨立學者)︰</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 我與劉賓雁先生最後見面是2005年12月4日,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他去世前一天的凌晨——那是個星期天。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">星期六晚上我在朋友家開party,凌晨3點多鐘才回到家。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">剛上床睡著,大概5點左右,賓雁夫人朱洪的電話就來了,說賓雁“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">出事了”,讓我趕快去。因為住得近,賓雁最後的日子,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">家里有什麼處理不了的事,總會第一時間給我或我太太打電話。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 我立刻開車去賓雁家,電話上沒搞清楚,“出事了”,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">到底是賓雁不行了?還是已經走了?那天下著很大的雪,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">慌亂中我開車沿著571公路沖,開了一會兒,車窗被雪覆蓋,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">看不到路了。于是我下車刷雪,結果車突然移動了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">原來發動機開著,還掛在檔上!我下車時連手剎都沒拉起——</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">心里整個亂了套。發現車跑了,我趕緊追車,追到了跳進車,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">開到賓雁家,然後同朱洪和小雁一起去賓雁住的醫院。在路上,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">朱洪告訴我她已經通知了在中國的大洪,讓他趕快去辦赴美簽證。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">對院方是否要繼續搶救的問題,朱洪也做了決定︰不再搶救了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">若要搶救的話,只會增加更多的痛苦,要割開氣管,上呼吸機。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 在賓雁生病期間,對他家照顧最多的,是一位名叫張渝放的女士。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">朱洪那時年紀大了,眼楮不好,晚上完全不能開車,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">從買菜到必要的接送,大多是渝放幫忙。她現居印地安納州,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">今天的會我通知過她,她真想來,但因為先生生病,沒法來,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">否則今天我們一定會看到她。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 按照預先的安排,12月4號是接賓雁出院的日子——</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他已經幾次進醫院了,每次都是朋友把他送進去、接出來。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">看到我們,賓雁很高興,說你們怎麼這麼早就來了——</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他以為我們是來接他出院的。按照事先和朱洪商量好的說法,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我撒了謊,說今天下大雪,怕過一會兒車不好開,就先來了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">對此他一點沒有懷疑。當時賓雁精神特別好,坐在那吃東西。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">朱洪在賓雁面前保持鎮靜,一出病房就哭了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們心里都知道他不行了。隨後就是給朋友打電話,商量後事安排。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">最後,我開車送朱洪回家,小雁在醫院陪床。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 第二天凌晨,賓雁走了。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 我同賓雁頻繁接觸,成為私人朋友,結緣于普林斯頓中國學社。“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">六四”之後,普大校友John</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">Elliot捐款一百萬,成立了中國學社。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">作為海外中國民運的一個中心,學社先後收留了近20位流亡者,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他們中有方勵之、甦紹智、阮銘、陳一咨、甦曉康、遠志明、鄭義、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">柴玲等,劉賓雁是最早的一個。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 海外民運與賓雁最早接觸,是在80年代初期(1982-</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">1983年期間)。當時“中國之春”運動剛開始,恰逢賓雁訪美,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">運動發起人之一私下約他見面,希望他支持“中國之春”。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁經考慮沒有同意。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 1988年底,包括我在內的中國民聯激進分子醞釀在美國組黨,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">第一個找的又是賓雁。此段歷史丁楚在其回憶錄《大夢誰先覺》</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">里有詳細的描述︰我們怎麼去找劉賓雁,勸他留在美國,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">帶領我們組黨,做海外民運領袖。那還是“六四”前夕,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他在哈佛做尼曼學者的時候。帶我們去賓雁家的是曹天予,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在場的有楊炳章、龔小夏。我們積極地游說,被朱洪一句話打醒。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">她問︰“你們是從哪兒來的?台灣嗎?”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">她覺得我們完全不懂大陸的事,組黨是異想天開。賓雁說,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他在國內接觸過組黨案件,大多是在農村邊遠地區,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">當局對之懲罰非常嚴厲。“如果我回去的話,”他說,“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">以我現在的身份,完全可以做更多的事。”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">那時的賓雁完全沒有想到要在美國留下來。此後不久,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我又去澳洲找方勵之,希望他做同樣的事。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">方的反應比賓雁略微積極,但也沒有答應。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">回國後方寫了一封致鄧小平的信——那是另外一個故事了。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 後來我逐漸淡出民運,賓雁卻深深地卷入。……在民運江湖中,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁交了朋友,也結了敵人。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 拋開政治立場和民運恩怨,我想談談日常生活中的賓雁。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 記得很多年以前,也是在紐約開一個像今天這樣的會,會後賓雁、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">奎德、鄭義和我一起回普林斯頓。那天是情人節,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們一行人在Penn</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">Station等車時,鄭義給北明買了一束花,並招呼大家都買。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">礙于情面,賓雁和奎德也各買了一束——我沒買。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我與太太從幼兒園、小學、中學,大學一起長大,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們那個時代的人似乎很少有這種表達感情的習慣。後來我才知道,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這是賓雁和奎德第一次給太太買花。次日在賓雁家作客,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我看到朱洪批評賓雁,說昨天怎麼那麼浪費,會想到買花?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁解釋道︰“花不是買的,是布置會場用的,丟了覺得可惜,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就順便拿了一束。”把朱洪糊弄過去了。奎德就更慘了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他太太開玩笑說︰“奎德從未給我買過花,這次買花,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">肯定是做了什麼虧心事”!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 直到賓雁去世,向遺體告別時,朱洪才知道真相。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">那天我同賓雁在普林斯頓的朋友李雲,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">陪朱洪一起去買告別儀式要用的鮮花,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">朱洪感嘆說賓雁生前從來沒給她買過花。我講了這個故事,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">朱洪這才知道情人節晚上那一束花的來歷︰賓雁其實為她買過花,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">只是出于那一代人特有的羞澀,不願意承認而已。這就是賓雁。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 剛才幾位把賓雁講得很高、很偉大。其實在我眼里,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁不是那種偉人,而是一個純真、善良、甚至有些笨拙的人。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">朱洪給我講過一個故事,改革開放後她出訪日本帶回一把折疊傘。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁拿著這把傘上班,晚上回不了家。朱洪等了好久,就去找他,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">結果在車站找著了,他不會收傘,上不了車了!(眾笑)還有一次,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">家里殺甲魚,他不會,又想幫朱洪的忙,結果被甲魚把手咬著了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">滿屋子亂跳。(眾笑)賓雁曾對我說︰“我覺得自己夠笨的了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">你比我還笨!”</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 賓雁是“中國良心”的比喻,我最早是听何維凌說的。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他在國內搞體改得罪了人,又被鄧小平稱為“壞人”(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">見陳一咨回憶錄),何1986年來普林斯頓做訪問學者,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們成為朋友。何告訴我,國內有兩個人,劉賓雁和方勵之,堪稱“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國良心”。他把劉方二人比作琴上的兩根弦,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">其它的弦可以像王蒙那樣韜光養晦,審時度勢,該響的時候響,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">不該響時沉默,這兩根弦最不懂事,自己覺得該響就會響,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">全然不顧時間和後果。這是何維凌對賓雁的評價,也是我知道的“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國良心”的最早版本。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 賓雁去世後,蘆笛當即寫了一篇悼文《杜鵑再拜憂天淚,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">精衛無窮填海心——再悼劉賓雁老前輩》,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">講述賓雁對我們這一代人的影響,評價了賓雁的歷史地位。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">文章開頭寫道︰“在中國,逝者從來不屬于自己或家屬……</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">著名死者最常見的不幸,就是淪為活人的政治斗爭工具。”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他的名字會被利用,“我的好友胡適之”之類的悼文會充斥于世。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">蘆笛認為︰賓雁“讓人敬仰的,不在于什麼非凡的文學成就,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">也不在于什麼政治上的遠見卓識,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">甚至也不在于他啟迪了多少人的文明意識。在這些方面,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">因為時代的嚴重限制,他都大概算不得什麼偉人。”“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉老之所以讓人敬仰,讓人哀悼,讓人追思,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">還是因為他那崇高的人格和清白的良心。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">凡是稍微看過點他的著作的讀者,不論政治立場如何,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果敢尊重事實,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">都不可能不觸摸到那在字里行間處處躍動的愛國愛民的拳拳之心。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">哪怕是在蒙冤受屈被終身流放到海外後,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他還在西方因六四大屠殺制裁中國之際寫下痛苦的心聲︰</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一個中國人,要同意外國對祖國進行制裁,感情上實在難以接受,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">讓我看了當場就涕泗橫流。”朱洪和小雁非常喜歡這篇悼文,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">甚至想過用它做文集的序言。因為文中多處批方勵之,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">朱洪問我能不能請蘆笛改一改,蘆笛全部改過,再傳過來,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">不知為什麼卻沒有收進《紀念劉賓雁文集》。(鄭義等插言︰</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">沒見到過那篇文章呀。)大家知道蘆笛的風格,他很少夸什麼人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">更不崇拜名人。讀蘆笛悼文,賓雁這個“中國良心”的形象,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">躍然紙上。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 賓雁是一個純真的人,極富道德感和正義心。康德說,他最敬畏的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">是宇宙星辰的運轉規律和人類內心的道德律。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">前者是什麼我們都知道。至于什麼是人類內心的道德律,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">它從哪兒來,內涵是什麼,我與許多朋友討論過,至今沒有答案。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">盡管眾說紛紜,但有一個共識︰</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">康德所說的道德律相似于賓雁性格中有的那些東西。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁不是真理的化身,但的確是道德的楷模。他輕信,武斷,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">犯各種錯誤,卻從不昧良心。他曾對我說︰“科學講真實,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">政治講利害,人講天理良心。”我不相信共產黨,不相信民運,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">也不相信人民。我只相信事實、邏輯和良心。換句話說,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁相信的許多東西我都不相信,但我相信賓雁是一個好人。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在他身上,我看到良心。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 談賓雁,不能不提到朱洪。俗話說,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一個成功男人的背後一定有一個偉大的女性。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁身後的這個女性就是朱洪。沒有朱洪,賓雁不知會被坑多少次,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">“中國良心”的形象不知會遭到怎樣的毀損。民運江湖中,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">想利用他的人太多,他也太容易被利用了。民陣第二屆選舉,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">最初有三個主席人選,方勵之、管惟炎和劉賓雁。在朋友勸說下,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他幾乎就同意干了,是朱洪把他拉了回來。拿破侖說過一個標準︰</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">政治上最不道德的,就是干自己力所不能及的事。民陣主席一職,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁顯然不能勝任。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 直到去世為止,賓雁仍相信共產主義。在這個意義上,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他似乎永遠沒有長大。西哲名言︰</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">30歲以前不相信共產主義是沒良心,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">30歲以後還相信就是沒頭腦。這一標準顯然不適用于賓雁。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在許多老“共產黨人”審時度勢,忙著“兩頭真”的時候,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他不改初衷!對江澤民的“三個代表”理論,他堅決反對。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">從心底里,賓雁是永遠的左派。他對共產主義的信仰,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">出自于他的良知。80大壽宴會上,賓雁曾說︰“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果不被打成右派,我很可能成為姚文元,我會做那事。”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果沒有去世,我相信他今天會支持薄熙來。因為據我觀察,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁對公平正義的訴求,遠勝于對民主自由的向往。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">左右是人心的兩極,左邊管良心,右邊主理性;前者講公平,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">後者重效益。“文革”極左之後,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國朝右的方向已經狂奔了30年。我們跑得太快,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">該停下來等一等靈魂了。作為良心的代表,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁早已成為中國社會一種最稀缺的財富。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 主持人北明︰我感受你和曾慧燕剛才提到的劉賓雁先生所謂的弱點,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在我的感覺當中,都是他的長處,包括他的輕信……</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 馮勝平︰不錯,馬克思在回答女兒燕妮提問時就說過︰</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">人類最能容忍的缺點,就是輕信。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁的價值在于他帶給我們的困惑</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">王軍濤(哥倫比亞大學政治學博士)︰</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 听著諸位發言,似乎要給賓雁一個歷史地位,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而且必須要以蓋棺定論的方式做出。我認為,如果這樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁在歷史上不會有地位——他真正被定死了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">張博樹在研究中國百年的歷史——重新尋找共產黨的意義,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">從拋棄共產黨、到再認識共產黨的歷史;陳小平也在搞百年憲政史。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">你們肯定知道,在一百年風雲激蕩的變革史中,中國朝野兼濟、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">黑白通吃、文武雙全、學貫中西、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">僧俗兩界都有才華橫溢的傳奇成就的人有的是——</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">當年柳亞子領導的南社就有不少這樣的人物。但都俱往矣。為什麼?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就因為我們只能在他身上,看到一些出色的品質和一些事功。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一旦這個時代過去了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">有新的具有這種品質或建立了新的事功的人出現的時候,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這個人就被忘掉了。一個永恆的人是跟永久的問題連在一起的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">能讓我今天來講賓雁,是因為賓雁帶給我們的問題和困惑,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而不是他帶來的結論。我說的問題和困惑不是賓雁有什麼過失,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">不是的,而是我們這一代人共同的命運提出的困惑,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而且這些困惑傳之于無數代先祖並會傳至後世萬代。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 我想說說我跟賓雁交往的三個片段。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 第一個,賓雁在上個世紀80年代是一個領軍人物。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我在80年代出道也挺早的,跟賓雁第一次見面也很早,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但那個時候誰對誰也沒有印象,因為各說各的話題,我也很狂,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">那時賓雁在一個領域中也是一個大師。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">1988年賓雁離開中國到美國做尼曼學者前,何家棟以《</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">經濟學周報》名義給他送行,我參加了。當時還有陳子明、劉再復,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們幾個人坐在一起,我發現賓雁在80年代已經獲得了“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國良心”這樣一個稱譽。可以沒有權、沒有勢、沒有錢,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但他獲得的聲望是有權、有勢、有錢的人無法企及的。給他送行時,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁的腦子非常敏銳,還在關注中國改革開放前沿的問題,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">以及在推動社會變革的時候,我們應該堅守什麼良知。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這時候其實包括劉再復,大家都是一樣的。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 後來,1989年我被捕判刑了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在監獄里也不知道外面發生了什麼。1994年來到海外,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁也是我很想見的一個人,賓雁也很想跟我談一次。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是我在見賓雁之前,听到了很多關于賓雁的事情,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">包括剛才程凱先生講到的《新聞自由導報》,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">包括1993年的合並大會,包括廖大文和李錄這些有爭議的事,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我就發現,賓雁好像陷到很多是非之中,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而在這些是非之中好像各有各的道理。因為我當時際遇特殊,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">有機會听到各方面的人包括身歷事件的旁觀者介紹和評議。我發現,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁對許多事實的理解並不完全準確。我是學物理出身,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">對事實很看重。我有了很多困惑。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 我跟賓雁見面,本來想跟他澄清這些困惑,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但賓雁提的問題把我嚇了一跳。他說︰“軍濤,我跟你說實話,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我到美國來的時候,想知道社會主義為什麼失敗,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">共產黨為什麼失敗,但是在這兒待了幾年之後,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這個問題我沒有答案,我更困惑了。”哎呀,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁提出了一個非常大的問題!說實話,我致力推進憲政民主,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是有時候對人類命運、人性的悲天憫人的情懷,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">使我沒有辦法認同資本主義的金錢規則和政治上的權勢規則。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我真的不大認同這些勢利眼的東西。所以賓雁說起這個困惑,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">其實也是我的一個問題——賓雁在我流亡之初,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他作為80年代思想文化界的一個象征,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就給我提出了這麼一個尖銳的問題。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 第三,賓雁到了晚年,出局了——咱們也說實話,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁從公眾中已經消失了。在賓雁邊緣化的時候,我經歷了兩件事,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">第一件事,許志永來美國,我和陳小平到耶魯跟許志永見面,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">那時許志永剛剛出道,很想見賓雁,我說那就帶你去普林斯頓。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">去賓雁家……</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 高伐林插話︰那天恰巧我也去賓雁家,見到你們兩位,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">後來從賓雁家出來,我對許志永做了一個很長的專訪。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 王軍濤︰賓雁馬上拉著許志永,問的全是底層人的事情,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">老百姓喜不喜歡共產黨,到底痛苦是什麼……他非常關心。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 還有一件事,剛才海培幾位也講到了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁在晚年非常希望葉落歸根。要葉落歸根,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就有一個對現政權的態度問題。我見過賓雁寫過的幾封信,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">是中間人念給我听的,念給我听的人希望我也能做一些什麼。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我覺得賓雁在這些文字中有很多深刻的思考,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這些思考對我們這個時代人是有意義的,但是現在我不能說,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">因為這會被自由主義者、民運的人把它簡單地看成一種“政治符號”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">,視為兩大陣營政治搏殺中的站隊問題。其實它不是這個問題,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">它與我出國後跟賓雁見我的第一面的印象有關系。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 通過這三個觸動我的交往片段,我想講︰</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁的命運其實是我們共同的命運。賓雁80年代代表中國的良心,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">後來陷入海外民運中的各種是非,一直到後來的邊緣化,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">然後有機會在更大時空中、更豐富的生活體驗中,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">更深入地思考問題。其實,他是我們這一批人的象征。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們不要諱言,我們不要說我們現在已經站到了一個什麼“高度”,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們可以對歷史作總結了;恰恰相反,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們應該從自己的命運中看到,在這個世界上,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們已經取得的答案,遠不如我們心中還存在著的困惑更多;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們取得的成就,遠不如我們的挫折和痛苦更大;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">比較80年代我們出發之際,我們現在離初衷更遠了——不僅事功,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而且心理和信心。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我想應當討論,作為我們的代表和象征,賓雁的啟示是什麼?</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 從正面看,賓雁是中國良心的代表,在80年代他輝煌的時候,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">有三個特點︰第一個特點是對權勢者的批判——</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他不是對所有人都批判,而是只批判那些權勢者或風光的人。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">雖然他知道底層有很多問題。比如說在他80壽辰,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁講到了1989年之後,中國老百姓對權勢者的屈服,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他講到了當年日本人還沒進來時,大家都熱血沸騰地喊叫著抗日;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">可日本人一進來,人們就屈服了,做漢奸很普遍。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他講他那時的痛苦非常刻骨銘心!他對中國老百姓的問題,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">從他年輕歲月就已經有了準確的認識,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但他還是集中在對權勢者的批判。他對中國老百姓心里有看法,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但他並不去公開地說,只是在私下里談到我們這一代人命運的時候,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他會講到這是一個因素。他對權勢者始終是批判的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">始終高揚著高傲的頭。像呂京花說的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">越底下的人越感到他的平易近人、謙和;如果你有了權勢,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">不論你是個新星還是老權勢者,無論是掌握政治權力還是名望權威,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁就要審視你、批評你、挑戰你。他說的對或不對,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">是另一個問題,但他就是在做這件事,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他不會去恭維權勢者和風光人物。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 第二個,賓雁給我印象最深的是對弱勢者的關心。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這是賓雁的社會主義情懷的心理根源。當一個制度能夠造成弱勢者,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁就覺得這個制度有問題,不管這個弱勢者是否必然的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁就是不能原諒、不能接受這種制度。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我想起前幾天跟CNN一個記者談話,他在舉行“與王炳章同囚”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">活動時,寫下了一篇追憶李克強、薄熙來和我的文章。在交談中,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他問我︰你這麼多年干這些事情有意義嗎?後悔嗎?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">當年薄熙來是他的同班同學,薄的最大願望就是當個駐外記者。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我也听別人說過,薄想的是每年搬回幾個“大件”,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">弄點外匯券回去。而李克強在1979年以前北大幾乎無人知道他。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這位記者問︰那時候你們就在為中國操心,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">現在你看你們是這個樣子︰薄熙來是這個樣子,李克強是那個樣子…</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">…這些人他都認識,他問我,我的奮斗有什麼意義?我說我告訴你,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這個世界上有兩種人都在改進世界,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一種改進是讓活得好的人活得更好,活得好的人有權有勢有錢啊,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">你讓他活得更好,他給你獎勵,給你權給你錢給你社會聲望;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">還有一種改進,是減少社會最不幸的人的痛苦,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">最不幸的人是沒權沒勢沒錢,他什麼都不能給你,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而且你會與苦難為伴一生,你要天天去受苦難的折磨,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這些弱勢群體成員還有很多你在正常教養下不能忍受的缺點,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">甚至抱怨、撕咬、出賣你。賓雁一生就是在做這件事!他有過權勢、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">有過輝煌,他老想減少最不幸的人的痛苦,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他從來不想怎麼去改進那些權勢者,讓他們能過得更舒服更好——</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他沒有!這是他的一個非常了不起的優點,這也是在我們這個國家、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這個民族,當精英不承擔精英使命的年代,非常需要的一種優點。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 第三個,我覺得就是賓雁身上的正義感,那種與不泯的童心相伴、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">出自常識的良知。何頻講到政治上的是非標準要簡單化,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">其實就是要回歸常識、良知,要真率,要誠懇,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這都是賓雁身上非常明顯的特點︰不管你有權勢沒權勢,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">你坐在他對面,他會讓你明顯地感覺到這個特點,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他不是那種居高臨下的人——當賓雁坐在台上,是非常居高臨下的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這其實是給他帶來很多麻煩的事情;但是當他坐在你對面、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">跟你近距離交談,你可以感到他是是童叟無欺的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">跟你討論什麼都是真心的,以致真到你可能會誤解他,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">因為你在用大框框來套他,他會覺得我沒想在那麼大的話語中間啊,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他只是真實地述說他的困惑。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在中國做好人一定失敗?</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 那麼,賓雁留給我們的困惑問題是什麼呢?</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 我覺得第一個,賓雁在講到對社會主義、對共產黨看法的時候,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他是面對人類的命運。其實社會主義這個東西來自西方,不是東方,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在有資本主義出現的時候,就有從人性的角度、人類文明的角度、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">人文關懷的角度,對資本主義進行批判,社會主義的批判是一種。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">像宗教啊、作家啊、藝術家啊,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就一直在承擔這批判資本主義和制度化的使命,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">以至于在麥卡錫迫害中,大量作家和藝術家被當作共產黨人。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁作為一個作家、一個記者,站到了所有牟利制度的對立面,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一點不奇怪。他與西方現行制度的批判者中的文化人一樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">追求的是道德精神。美國的政治學界——不要說社會學了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">社會學界就是左派佔上風——那些大的學府中,左派的勢力非常大,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就是認為資本主義關于人的這些假定,都是要推敲的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一個完美社會是什麼?我在哈佛大學讀書,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">第一個經濟學老師給我講最後一課時說,他最敬仰兩個經濟學家,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一個是亞當‧斯密,一個就是馬克思,當時我就覺得非常震撼。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他的那種批判,作為知識分子、作為學者有那種批判精神,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我都放下不說,我要說的是,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">其實人類還遠沒有對這個東西研究透徹。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">社會主義就是把社會看作一個整體,當然我現在可以背書憲政民主,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但我也想說,到底是把人民看成單獨的個人,然後創造一個制度、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一個博弈的規則,讓每個人都參加公平的博弈,這最合理呢,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">還是將人類社會還是看作一個整體?在西方,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">德國人和美國人是有爭議的。這個學術上的爭論話題,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">不在中國的情境中,以後有時間我想寫點東西來討論。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 劉賓雁一生都在思考,他留下的困惑令更多的人們思考。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 第二個,賓雁的人格的命運。就現實功利的標準看,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁是個失敗者——跟咱們一樣,咱們想做好人,咱們也覺得,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">即使咱們再不成功,比起現在台上跳的這些人,更有德,也更有才。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">不論是考,還是選,還是自由空間中的其他競爭,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們都能輕而易舉地勝過現在台上抖擻的這些人;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">沒有權勢者對他們的提攜和對我們的打壓,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們今天肯定比他們要更成功得多。但是,現在我們失敗了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這就給我們提出了一個問題︰是不是在中國做好人一定失敗呢?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這個問題很尖銳。我總是愛說,如果做好人不能成功,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國人就不會對做好人有信心。我們不要去簡單地批判現實、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">去發世風日下的感嘆,我們要想讓人民相信應該做好人的話,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就得不僅做好人,而且要成功!在這點上,我覺得賓雁有缺,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">不是說他做好人不對,而是做好人不成功。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他最後無法讓這個社會相信可以追求真善美,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">因為畢竟多數人是平庸的啊。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">第三個,賓雁卷進很多麻煩,在于他想當仲裁者和救世主。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">仲裁沒什麼不對,但在仲裁詞中,要把各方面都考慮進去,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而賓雁不喜歡听到與自己仲裁詞不同的事實和理由。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">剛才北明說這是他的優點,他不喜歡听這些東西。可問題在于,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">現實中間你會觸及到利益——也不能說爭取利益就不合理,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們在美國可以看到、在西方,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這個社會整個就建立在一個要維護自己正當利益的基礎上,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">你是個公平的博弈者,他也是個公平的博弈者,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">不能擺出一個居高臨下的姿態,除非你有一個法庭,你是法官,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">你是一個制度性的仲裁者;即使這樣,你也要維護一個公平訴訟。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 再一個,關于社會主義這個東西。我不喜歡社會主義,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在于社會主義假定有一個完美的社會方案,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">有一個救世主帶領實現它。賓雁多多少少也有這種心態,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">剛才京花談的很典型,弱勢群體都很喜歡賓雁,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是他們也都是把賓雁看做一個在他們之上的人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">因此賓雁不高高在上,他們就很喜愛。賓雁是悲天憫人的人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但悲天憫人多少是把自己擺在高于世界之上。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">現代社會政治和法律要求人在道德和權利上是平等的。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">美國人不談什麼“知識分子使命”,因為這是為不平等制造理由。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國知識分子說我知道得更多,因此我要承擔更多責任,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">可這就意味著你也想要更大權力。這在現代政治文明中是不許可的!</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在自由民主社會中,當發現有人能力更弱,有人能力更強,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就要做制度的設計,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">限制那些有更強責任感和更大能力的人比別人有更多的參與機會,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而要給弱勢者創造條件更方便他們參與,從這個角度上來說,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">做仲裁者和悲天憫人的人,都不合適平等競爭的憲政民主體制。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 賓雁帶來的所有這些問題都是我們的問題,被這些困惑折磨,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我就很痛苦。我覺得,我們要想讓賓雁永存下去,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就要坦率地面對這些困惑。——有人說他現在屬于永恆,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">不屬于我們了,我認為,如果他不屬于我們每一個人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他也不可能屬于永恆。他帶給我們的問題和刺激,讓我們繼續前行,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而且我們會把我們的思考與賓雁的命運相聯系。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一個人物能成為一個偉大的歷史人物,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">是因為有一代又一代人對他的興趣、思考和認同,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">對他的發掘和再發掘。如果我們給賓雁做一個塑像,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">把他放到一個紀念館里,那他很快就像民國史上的那些人物,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">會成為過去。我們不如把賓雁帶來的爭論都提出來,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">讓他繼續刺激我們國人的思考,一代又一代地尋求解答。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 在物理學史上,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">從古典物理學向量子力學轉化過程中有一個很偉大的人物叫玻爾,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">玻爾所有的理論都是錯誤或近似正確,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是物理學家還是認為他是最偉大的人物之一,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">因為他用他的錯誤或近似正確,提出了有意義的問題,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">後面的幾代物理學家沿著他提的問題找到了正確答案。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁是我們這一代人的象征,他帶著我們的歡樂,我們的光榮,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們的成就,也帶著我們的失落,我們的痛苦,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">和我們的那種失敗的噬心之痛。從這點上看,我覺得,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">把這個寫出來,我相信會讓後代重新理解我們這一代人,理解賓雁—</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">—因為他們面臨的問題沒有解決。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">道成肉身:劉賓雁的受難與救贖——</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">陳奎德在《劉賓雁時代》新書發佈會上的發言</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 非常感謝給我這個發表看法的機會。我聽了很多高見,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而我自己的想法集中起來其實只有四個字:道成肉身。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 大家都說了很多劉賓雁是凡人、和大家一樣的,常人式的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">與中國民眾水乳交融的。這當然不錯。不過我想說的是,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">恐怕劉賓雁將來會在輸入某種神聖性上,對中國起相當重要的作用。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就是說在中國導入神聖性、宗教性這個方面起重要作用。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">為什麼這麼說?我前幾天還和北明討論這個問題,我在想,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">大家都知道,現在中國,禮崩樂壞,非常糟糕,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但在政治上其實我們並不太擔心——</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">起碼我自己絕不擔心政治局面會永遠如此的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">肯定會有政治轉型變遷的那一天,一定會有。關鍵在於:政治轉型、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">變遷以後怎麼辦?大家都清楚,現在的中國人,比較過去的、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">比較1949年以前的中國人,在德性上差多了。可以這麼說,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">人心壞掉了,人性泯滅了,人壞掉了!倘然如此,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">你這個社會怎麼建構?我</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">們大家都說要從精神廢墟上重建一個社會,重建倫理,重建道德,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">重建良知……對,問題是,怎麼重建?</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">大家知道,道德這東西,你寫很多書來教誨,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">說怎麼樣的道德是好的,這樣的說教基本沒什麼用的。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">人生經驗告訴我們,人的基本德性主要不是靠說教,不是靠“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">諄諄教導”,不是靠語言養成的。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一般來說道德養成最重要的是靠兩個機制:大家都知道,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">西方重要的是宗教,另外一個對所有社會都是共同的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就是人格的典範:家庭內父母的身教,社會上人格的標杆。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">任何一個社會,如果它沒有一個人格的典範,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">沒有道德人格良知的典範豎起來,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">那麼這個社會很難靠書本知識把道德真正建起來的,很難。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">即使大家都懂了,知道道德應該是怎麼樣的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是如果沒有實實在在的血肉的人立在這裏,作為大家的榜樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而且大家覺得這個典範是真實的而不是虛偽的,是實實在在可行的。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">因為他就在站在這裏,他就這樣生活了,他就生活過來了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這個是非常重要的。而劉</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁恰恰充當了這個角色。我覺得在中國,確如北明講的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">目前還沒有人替代賓雁這個角色。中國古話實際上早已說清楚了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">身教重於言教,早就有這個話了。對人格典範,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我想在這裏怎麼強調都不過分。中國的古代智慧也有,“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">君子之德風,小人之德草。草上之風,必偃”——</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">聽起來好像有點精英文化的味道,實際上就是靠儒家士大夫、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">君子的德性風範來教化社會。其實這個東西在很多社會裏邊,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">它都確實是起相當重要的作用的。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 這就涉及劉賓雁的定性問題。大家說了很多,我很同意。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是我還是要講一點,劉賓雁身上,在我看來,賦有某種宗教性。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">大家說他很像平常人,跟我們大家一樣,很普通,喜怒哀樂,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">柴米油鹽。是的。但他何以如此吸引我們,何以富於感召力?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">說明他身上還是有某種超凡的東西,某種跟眾人不一樣的東西,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">或者說他昭示給我們很多東西。在我看來,這就是他的某種超越性,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">某種神性。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 劉賓雁有某種神性,這是和他的信仰</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">背景、和他的人格有相當的關係。他一生信仰馬克思主義。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">大家都知道馬克思主義是講所謂的唯物主義的;但是深究起來,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">馬克思這個猶太人,實際上受宗教——猶太教、基督教——</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">的影響是非常之深的,所以才有很多學者提到他的彌賽亞(救世主)</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">情結。最著名的是羅素,還有很多其他學者都研究馬克思,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">也都注意到在馬克思主義和宗教教義的某種對稱性,一體兩面性。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">譬如,在羅素那裏,馬克思本人是救世主,無產階級就是選民,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">共產黨是教會,革命就是基督降臨,對資本家的懲罰就是地獄,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">然後共產主義就是基督為王一千年……,等等等等。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這些東西大家都比較熟悉了。實際上馬克思主義、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">共產主義有相當的宗教成分在裏面。但是它想建地上的天堂,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">立俗人為上帝,這就是大禍之源起。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">大家都清楚。我們大家都知道中國文化和其他文化比較起來——</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">無論是由於何種原因所導致——</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國文化的宗教性、它的神性確實是比較薄弱的。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這點大家都是公認的。我想講的是,馬克思主義降臨中國,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">特別是在“文革”,當然它是反宗教的、敵基督的、反人性的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這沒有問題。但是從反面,從某種形式上——</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我這個是大逆不道的說法——“文革”在某種意義上,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">它在某種熱狂崇拜的形式上使中國文化潛在引入了某種神秘祝禱的形</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">式,可能誘發出中國人本性中間的宗教感,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">包括對某種超越性世界的信仰,對超越性人格的信仰,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就是像對天堂和上帝的信仰類似。當然,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一個世間的人絕不能做上帝,這是基督教深惡痛絕的“偶像崇拜”;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">同時,凱撒和上帝劃然而別,必須政教分離。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而共產黨國家恰恰是既“偶像崇拜”而又“政教合一”的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">毛時代是其典型,這才造成了亙古大災難。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但有由於馬克思主義的這種“類宗教性”,同時,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">要記住史達林年輕時是(東正教)神學院的學生,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他自己承認那段經歷對他一輩子影響甚深。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他借用了一些神學院管理方式來統治國家清洗人腦。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他創造了這種形式,帶動了這種癲狂,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國人過去很少有的精神癲狂,在共產教義下,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在毛氏洗腦式的宣導下,脫韁而出了。……</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 劉賓雁為什麼身上有這樣一種神性的魅力?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">實事求是地說與剛才說過的他信馬克思主義有一定關係,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">更特別是他受俄羅斯的影響有關系。大家都知</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">道,王康也研究了很多關於俄羅斯的理想主義。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們這一代人都受到俄國文化的很大影響。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">俄羅斯陀思妥耶夫和托爾斯泰等人的包括《卡拉馬卓夫兄弟》、《</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">罪與罰》、《復活》、《戰爭與和平》以及普希金涉及的“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">十二月黨人”,什麼三個“斯基”和屠格涅夫的《怎麼辦》、《</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">父與子》、《羅亭》等等……這些都是非常理想主義的。實際上,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">所謂的“殉道”、“殉難”,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我相信世界上任何有德性的民族或者有德性的人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果缺乏這樣一個東西的話,恐怕在道德上不會走得很深入的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">不會有撼動人心的感召力。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">基督教為什麼在全球如此具有深廣的感召力,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">為何遍佈全球無遠弗屆?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果沒有耶穌基督在十字架上受難的刻骨銘心的形象在全世界廣泛傳</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">播的話,可能有如此之大的影響力嗎?</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">所以說,“殉難”本身是一個非常重要的、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">道德重量極大的沉甸甸的壓底的東西。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁本人過去信仰了共產主義、馬克思主義,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">又受到俄國理想主義的召喚,他精神上潛在地就有了某些東西了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">然後1957年他第一次受難——我稱它為賓雁的第一次洗禮;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">1987年他與方勵之、王若望三人被開除出黨,全國震動,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這是第二次洗禮。通過這兩次受難,兩次洗禮,他的精神,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">震撼了中國人心靈。我特別記得鄭義當年有句話:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">第二次聽到劉賓雁又被開除黨籍了,“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">為什麼偏偏每次都是劉賓雁代替我們挨槍子兒,替我們受難?賓雁,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">為什麼總是你?”</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這種蒙難、殉道,在中國人心中是非常大的一個震撼,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">它就使得這個人超拔出來了,道成肉身了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他就慢慢變成超越我們時代的世俗的或者比較現實的算計的形象,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">背負了一個十字架了。這種形象,我覺得,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">是劉賓雁留給我們的非常重要的精神遺產。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">它有可能發揮精神導向作用,示範作用,神聖化作用,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">有可能成為中國獲得救贖的一條通道。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">道德精神廢墟下的種子</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">北明(獨立撰稿人,自由亞洲電台“華盛頓手記”節目主持人)︰</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 《劉賓雁時代》寫了賓雁在國內的經歷。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們最先產生這個念頭的時候,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一開始想到的能寫這本傳記的人是甦煒,但甦煒忙得四腳朝天,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">最後他辭謝了;然後我們想到鄭義,鄭義也時間不夠,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">說他也不能勝任。我想想我自己也不能勝任,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">雖然朱洪大姐和小雁都同意我來寫,但我全職上班,加上家務,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">業余時間極為有限,還有一大堆閱讀寫作計劃長期不能完成。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">後來我們就接受了王康先生的推薦,找了馬雲龍先生。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 馬雲龍最開始也推辭,你們看了這本書的後記就知道,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他也是覺得這個任務太重,不敢寫,到最後我們說,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這是一個歷史的責任!拿這個理由把他給震住了,他不敢推卸了。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 他寫劉賓雁有不少有利條件,第一,他是劉賓雁的同行;第二,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他在報業界以劉賓雁為楷模,對劉賓雁非常尊敬,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">把劉賓雁一直當成導師,他主持報社工作中,堅持走劉賓雁的道路,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">才四次被開除;第三,他還是劉賓雁的親戚!——你們看後記,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他自己研究劉賓雁時發現了,這親戚還不是一般的關系,非常近。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是他也有一個困難,他的護照被收回後就沒有了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們多次邀請他到海外采訪,他沒有辦法去申請簽證。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他也不去申請——如果申請,被拒之後,他就更沒有機會了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">所以他出國困難。後來賓雁的後半部分海外生涯,朱洪、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">小雁她們都同意我來寫,因為我在海外。我本來想,實在沒人了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">小狗也叫,“濫竽充數”。雲龍兄本來留出了空白,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">前半部稿子也傳過來了,可事到臨頭,我才發現,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果我不請長假或者辭職,根本沒有足夠時間專心于此。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">最後雲龍決定把賓雁的年譜寫出來,涵蓋他海外流亡這一段,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而關于賓雁海外的這一段的具體情況,就寫簡單的一章。留下空白,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">待再版是來填補。書稿就截稿了。出版前,我到了舊金山,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們突然想到了程凱兄。程凱兄是賓雁的老朋友,是賓雁的同行,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在海外跟賓雁共事很多,而且他自己也是記者出身,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">對賓雁敬重有加,也是寫作前輩。我就在想,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">還會有誰比程凱兄更合適的?我正式向他提出了邀請,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">沒想到程凱答應了!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 所以程凱兄要做一番工作︰要采訪很多人,整理他海外的資料信息。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">現在我們就有望在這本書再版的時候,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">把賓雁海外這一重要部分加進去,使這本書臻于完善,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們就對歷史有一個交代了。我們這一代人,作為他的朋友,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">作為他的後輩,作為他的批評者或者是贊賞者,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們就完成了自己的使命。我相信這個大家都會贊同的。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這是我要說的第一。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 第二,剛才大家評價賓雁,說了很多,我只有三點——</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">很不對稱的三點。第一點,我想回憶一件小事情,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁讓我非常感動的一件小事情,這個事情只有我自己知道,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">甚至連鄭義都不知道。當鄭義得了癌癥,孩子還小,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我又得全職上班,把在馬里蘭大學讀博士的學業放下,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">還覺得時間不夠,再照顧一個不怎麼說英文的病人——</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">你們就知道有多不易!除了上班,我得去醫院,孩子不能獨自過夜,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">鄰居都來家幫我陪孩子、幫我掃雪,不知道他們怎麼都知道了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我那時壓力很大,就失眠了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">賓雁不知通過什麼途徑知道鄭義生了病,就給我寫了一封信,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">寫得很短,我看了之後特別感動,那信我還留著呢,我記得兩句,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他說︰“北明,不要擔心,大風大浪都過來了,還有什麼過不去的”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">。我拿信的時候摸著很硬,信封里有什麼東西?打開一看,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">是賓雁自己吃的一板安眠藥,大約有12顆。你們知道,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在美國沒法隨意買到安眠藥,得先看醫生開處方,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而我就是沒時間看病。賓雁信中說,這個安眠藥非常好,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我吃了非常管用,你先吃著,要是覺得管用,我的藥就給你。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就這麼一點雞毛事,他都關照。我就想,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他收到大量老百姓的信是怎麼來的?這是一種被信任的榮耀,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">誰想要有這樣的榮耀,就得听老百姓不停地對你訴苦,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">詳細地關照他們的需求,為他們操心出力,費神耗時。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">那些來信太多,是以麻袋來論單位計算的啊!</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他為他人操心太令人感動了!這就是我要說的第一點。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 另一點是關于他的遺產。大家講述了很多了,我想說的是︰</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">要是論思想,賓雁可能不如我們在座的大部分學者、專家、博士、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">作家深刻;要論政治立場,他可能不如我們所有在座的人徹底;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">要論文字功夫,他也許不如在座的奎德、王康、鄭義、甦煒……</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">可是我們為什麼在這兒紀念他?他逝世八年了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在座很多人出席了八年前賓雁80壽辰那次紀念會,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我現在坐在這兒看著各位的面容︰鬢角都上霜了,皺紋都上來了……</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">八年實在不短,孔子死後,弟子們也就蘆墓三年,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">頂多子貢也就蘆冢六年。我們不是賓雁家人,也不是他的弟子,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們為什麼八年之後還聚在一起紀念他?而且我們也有李慎之,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">王若望,王若水、何家棟、方勵之……很多我們敬重的前輩,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">可為什麼八年之後,劉賓雁依然令人難忘?事實上,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我是對賓雁的感受是歷久彌新,越來越感動。我對他的感受的變化,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">有點像冬冬,冬冬想啊,賓雁就是爺爺嘛!</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">不比我的中學老師更重要。他生病了,後來去世了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">居然世界各地來了這麼多人紀念他,為他牽心動肺,高度贊揚他,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">冬冬才發現,原來爺爺是個人物啊!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 我一直不覺得賓雁是一柄重錘,他也就是一個長輩,一個朋友,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他給我寄藥片兒,教我做北京炸醬面,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">修正我給他做助理時編的稿子等等,可是生活中他車都開不好,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">都是朱洪大姐開!賓雁在我眼里確切是個普通人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">甚至在劉賓雁去世後我主持他的追思告別儀式,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">也沒覺出他走後留下的那個巨大空白。但是這幾年漸漸不同了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">原因是什麼?是中國這幾年的巨變︰中國這些年人心敗壞,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">道德淪喪,禮儀崩敗……賓雁在廟堂之外,流亡之地,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他過去的存在,日益顯出了他的重要性,禮失求諸野嘛。他的人格,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他的悲憫、寬厚、仁愛和勇敢,在中國禮崩樂壞的道德廢墟上,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">顯得太重要了,這是他的精神遺產所在,是他彌足珍貴的地方。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 再有一點,我想為他(劉賓雁)辯護一下。他政治上不徹底,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">使他備受爭議,這麼大中國這麼多作家記者,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">卻是他用他第一個用他的筆,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">起草了一份對中國當局制度的巨大的起訴書。50年代起,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他就這麼做了,那時候共產黨的新中國正欣欣向榮呢,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">沒有多少人明白國民黨所說的“大陸淪陷”是什麼意思。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">那時候賓雁就開始他的人道主義寫作了。他的歷史作用,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就如同黑森林里的丹柯。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 丹柯是誰?丹柯是高爾基在甦聯時代所寫的一篇小說中的英雄。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">丹柯帶著他的族人要擺脫苦難,在黑森林里頭摸索著要走出來,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">沒有一絲光亮,到處都是荊棘。哪里是出路?那些族人跟著他,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他怎麼辦?他先是點燃了自己的手臂照亮周圍,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">後來把自己心拿出來點燃,就是那一道微弱之光,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在黑暗的森林里照亮了前方,引著族人走了出來。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">當人們終于來到森林邊緣,看見萬丈陽光,丹柯精疲力竭,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">倒下去了,他的心掉在了地上,族人踏過他的心髒,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">踩著他的身體奔向光明……多年後,當我們在政治上超越了賓雁,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">政治思想上也覺悟了,尤其是作為後人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們的信息環境本來就比他那時好很多了,理所當然進步了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">以至于反共已經成為常識,成為一種政治正確、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">甚至一種出名的工具、一種博取虛榮的方式了,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們當然可以批評我們的前人走得不遠,你的光就那麼一點點啊!</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">太不徹底。其實,把你放在他的年代,你可能只是那些給他寫信,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">求他幫助、搶購他的文字、傳抄他信念的人。以天空中的萬丈光芒,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">嘲笑黑森林中的微光是容易的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但千萬別忘了我們或者賓雁的同時代人曾是那微弱之光的受益者,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而先賢的意義恰恰不在于通途大道上的萬眾共識,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">而在叢林荊棘中的孤奮勇往。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 說到底,劉賓雁的意義在哪里?當民主成為常識、反共成為事業、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">道德成為廢墟,精神人格失去空間的時候,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁的意義在于他的公義與悲憫、責任與擔當、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">還有他的人道主義價值,他坐言起行的生活方式,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他忠于自己的理想,絕不隨波逐流,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">為此萬箭穿心在所不辭的行為特征。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 我後來慢慢地看到,賓雁是在中國道德廢墟形成之前,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就長在那兒的高高的一棵大樹。現在大樹飄零經年,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們才發現失去的是什麼,我們才感到必須長久地紀念他。看到他,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我會想,為什麼他絕不可能像一些反共特別堅決的人那樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">輕易就被紅地毯融化,就變得是非不分?為什麼他從未被“《</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">人民日報》高級記者”頭餃所改變寫作方向?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">為什麼他不會因為萬眾矚望而自以為是自我狂妄,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">也不會因為流亡生涯和身患沉痾而自卑哀怨?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">為什麼他能夠寵辱不驚、不以物喜,不以己悲?他為什麼超越政治,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">超越黨派,超越職業、權力、才能和性別,而人格充滿魅力?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">對于一個社會而言,民主自由是永恆的價值;但是對一個人而言,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">政治的評價是否唯一重要的評價?黨派的爭論,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">在什麼情況下才是不可超越的?</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 我今天才發現王軍濤口才特別好,超過規定時間過了也沒法打斷他,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他說話很精煉了,不能再縮短了。但是我有一點要對軍濤說,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就是現在不是批判悲憫之心、聖賢氣象、內聖外王的時候,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國當代禮崩樂壞超過了歷史上任何民族和時代,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">太缺少聖賢氣象了。公德禮義廉恥,國之四維,私德仁義良善,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">也是文明人之基本底線吧。客觀上,確實如你所說,努力做好人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">因為在當代沒有好結果,很難鼓勵別人這樣做。但是,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">如果做好人只是為了得善報,否則就不做,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這是否是一種功利主義思維?實際上背離了高尚道德的本質。當然,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們看佛教、基督教等宗教學說教導人們好人有福報,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">對人好才是對自己好,自己才幸福等等,但這是一種方便法門,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一種教導大眾的方式。事實上,善惡之分野正在于,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">仁義是不求回報的,愛是無緣無故,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">求回報就不是仁愛而是私利計算了。知其不可而為,才是真良善。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 這個道理擴展到政治運動也一樣。瓦茨拉夫‧</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">哈維爾幾年前在國會作演講,回答古巴異議人士說︰</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們即便知道不能成功,也必須去努力,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我們不僅是為了成功才去爭取人權,重要的是這是我們的責任,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這樣做是正確的。他所說的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">就是一種踐行正確價值而不計功利的做法。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">這也恰恰是東歐和平進程最終成功的一個前提,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一個有關信仰的前提。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 說到功利和結果,短程歷史看,歷史上的聖賢人物,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">踐行良善價值者,幾乎無一例外都不能避免個人悲劇命運,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">從耶穌基督到孔夫子都是這樣︰耶穌根本就是被自己的族人出賣的,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">孔子在自己的家園四處流浪。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是歷史不是以人生80年為計量單位的,長程歷史看,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">耶穌改變了整個人類世界,孔子的教導“己所不欲,勿施于人”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">至今是國際公認的軸心時代文明人類道德黃金律。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 這其中的關鍵在于,在利益沖突之間,高尚德行要求個體超越自身,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">超越功利,超越一己之私,甚至超越黨派,超越政治,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">堅守住最基本的底線而不計代價。這樣,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">整體社會才有可能因此不向野蠻殘忍、率獸食人的方面滑落。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">一個政治家,社會活動家,要想改造社會,更是如此。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">你可能看不見你的努力的成果,得不到你向往的好處,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是你的努力會被繼承下去,會庇蔭後人,你因此也會後人紀念,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">所謂“計利當計天下利,求名要求萬世名”!</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"> 我知道這很難,沒有真正的對正確價值的信仰,不能超越自我利益,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">做不到。但是中國究竟需要馬基雅維利還是需要劉賓雁?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">我想需要後者而不是前者。中國不缺少政治智慧和功利計算,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">中國迄今為止都不缺少這個,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">當今中國最缺少的是聖賢氣象和良知底線。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">劉賓雁的人道主義關懷與實踐至死不渝,他不是聖賢,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">但他有聖賢氣象。他個人的命運,在功利主義層面上看,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">可以說是悲劇性的,但從長遠歷史來看,他未必是失敗者。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他的作品和人格代表當代中國的良知與良心所在,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">他的遺產可以幫助中國恢復道德精神,回到文明世界。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">所以我與軍濤的不同角度就是︰必須不計功利地做事,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">個體才能獲得救贖,家國才有希望。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14.3999996185303px; background-color: #ffffff;">(《名星》特約記者馬儉、記者高伐林 整理。一平和北明發言的標題是北明改過的)</span><br />