<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">国民党初选候选人洪秀柱突破防砖门槛,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">按照程序将获得国民党提名角逐2016总统宝座。假如提名顺利,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">洪秀柱的处境将有如1964年共和党候选人巴里·戈德华特(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">Barry</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">Goldwater)一般的艰困。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">◎团结的民主党对上分裂的共和党</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">1960年代正是美国人权运动风起云涌的年代,支持种族平等,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">又成功解决古巴危机,避免了美苏核子大战的民主党总统小约翰·</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">肯尼迪获得全国压倒性的支持。然而1963年肯尼迪遇刺身亡,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">为美国政局投下变数,副总统约翰逊(London</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">B Johnson)成为总统后立刻宣布自己将会投入次年总统大选,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">并且一定会继承肯尼迪的遗志,完成种族平等,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">扩大政府支出及社会福利,照顾弱势团体等等政策。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">因为肯尼迪的超高人气,约翰逊轻松获得党提名。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">共和党则是陷入分裂危机,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">美国东部地区的共和党支持者希望走中间路线,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">与声势庞大的民主党在种族问题和政府支出上达成协议,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而南部的共和党人则斥责东部的共和党背叛共和党核心价值。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">共和党的基本教义派支持小政府,减少国家财政支出、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">减低企业税和所得税、反对福利政策、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">维持种族隔离政策虽然不是共和党基本教义派的核心主轴,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但美国有不少白人至上主义者的确站在共和党这一边。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">◎戈德华特的意外崛起</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">当时共和党里被认为最有可能和民主党一较高下的人是尼克松(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">Richard</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">Nixon),尼克松手腕玲珑,与共和党里两派的都交情不错,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而且尼克松在1960年总统大选只以些微差距败给肯尼迪;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是衡量局势后,尼克松宣布不参加共和党初选。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">尼克松是当时共和党里少数可以勉强维持共和党表面团结的人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">尼克松说不选,共和党内斗立刻白热化。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">共和党的温和派推出纽约州州长洛克菲勒</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">(Nelson Rockefeller),</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">基本教义派则找了亚利桑那州参议员戈德华特作代表。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">亚利桑那州州民绝大多数是白人中产阶级,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">被共和党基本教义派奉为正统。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">一开始洛克菲勒有绝大优势。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">洛克菲勒是纽约州长而纽约是民主党的地盘,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">所以他是许多民主党人也可以接受的共和党人物。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而美国当时大部分不住在中西部或南部的人根本没听过戈德华特这个</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">人。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是1963年底情势忽然生变。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">洛克菲勒在1963年娶了一个比他年轻十五岁的妻子。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">这位新妻子之前已有丈夫,而且育有四个孩子,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是为了嫁给洛克菲勒,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">她和丈夫闪电离婚并把孩子的抚养权丢给她的前夫。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">这件事情一经报导,洛克菲勒的民调立刻掉了20%。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">戈德华特乘胜追击,在最重要的加州初选以2%</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">的差距击败洛克菲勒,取得党提名所需票数。在党提名大会上,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">戈德华特发表了他的竞选金句:“用极端主义捍卫自由不是罪恶,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">用温和手段追求正义并非美德”。(Extremism</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">in the defense of liberty is no vice ; and moderation in the pursuit</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">of justice is no virtue)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">◎民主党的犀利攻势</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">戈德华特意外获得提名对民主党而言当然是喜讯。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">民主党阵营把战略目标订在总统,参、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">众议院选举都大胜并发动猛烈攻势。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">民主党祭出的第一张牌是种族歧视牌。共和党提名大会前几天,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">CBS驻德记者 Daniel</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">Schorr的社论里写到“假如参议员戈德华特被提名,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">他应该会在我这里,巴伐利亚,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">希特勒支持者和极右派聚集的地方打选战”。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">1964年美国国会通过人权法案,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">终止了对于有色人种的歧视与隔离政策。戈德华特投下反对票,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而约翰逊高调支持并赞美国会的决定。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">随后民主党立刻做了一支短片《一个共和党员的告白》。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">里面控诉戈德华特是“三K党的领袖”。这一支短片杀伤力极强。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">尽管戈德华特屡次说明他支持种族平等,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">只是觉得法案细节有不妥之处须再讨论,但是收效甚微。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">民主党祭出的第二张牌是精神病牌。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">Fact杂志收集了1189名精神科医师的签名,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">发表文章说戈德华特情绪不稳定,不适合担任国家领导人。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">这篇文章引起广泛讨论。戈德华特控告Fact杂志诽谤并胜诉,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是这篇文章仍然对他选情造成极大伤害。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">民主党祭出的第三张牌是核战牌。戈德华特是个坚定的反共人士,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在苏联的威胁下反共本来应是加分,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是当时美国国内最主要的政治议题是种族平等和社会福利,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而戈德华特常在公共场合开玩笑说要使用核武轰炸越南和苏联,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">民主党阵营于是做了宣传短片,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">呼吁美国人万万不可投票给战争狂人。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在共和党阵营方面,共和党内大老则不断扯戈德华特后腿。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">前总统艾森豪威尔拒绝帮戈德华特站台,尼克松虽然支持戈德华特,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是常在背后批评戈德华特的观点过于偏激。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">然而偏远地区的白人和基督教基本教义派都坚定支持戈德华特,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">此外有一批年纪比较轻的白人选民,被戈德华特的小政府,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">反共和反福利的政策鼓舞,其中最引人瞩目的是好莱坞明星里根(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">Ronald</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">Reagan)。里根帮戈德华特阵营录制了短篇演说《选择时刻》</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">(A time for</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">choosing),呼吁选民不要忘记美国立国的小政府宗旨,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">以及警告公权力滥用的危险。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">这支演说帮戈德华特阵营募得了100万美元的捐款。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">◎共和党的惨败与重生</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">1964 年11月3日的开票结果,约翰逊拿到61.05%的选票,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而戈德华特只拿到38.47%;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在选举人票方面,约翰逊拿下44州共计486张选举人票,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而戈德华特只拿到6州52张选举人票。在参众议员选举里,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">民主党更在两院都拿到2/3的多数,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">这让民主党轻松通过1964年《粮票法案》和1965年《</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">投票法案》。约翰逊并挟着国会压倒性多数优势,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">扩大美军投入越战的规模。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">共和党的惨败却没有造成共和党泡沫化,而是唤起了新生代的力量。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">首先,大多数共和党元老在参众议员选举中落马,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">这让共和党内的新生代得到发挥的舞台。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">许多年轻人受到了戈德华特的鼓舞,不论是出自于捍卫白人的利益,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">或是支持减税和个人主义,或是坚定的反共人士,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">纷纷归到共和党旗下。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">民主党却因为扩大非白人福利支出,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">导致工会内部不合和白人成员大量出走成为中间选民,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">除此之外美国在越战的失利也让约翰逊的声望不到2年就跌至谷底,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而因为诸项种族平等的法案过关,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">美国人对共和党的种族歧视指控有所消退。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">尼克松日后成功代表共和党夺回白宫,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而帮戈德华特站台的里根则先当选加州州长,然后以小政府,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">减税和反共为主轴,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">入主白宫8年并成为美国历史上评价最高的总统之一。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">◎洪秀柱能否把国民党带向重生?</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">洪秀柱和戈德华特有诸多相似之处。首先两者都被视为基本教义派;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">两者也都是党内大老怯战和如意算盘打错之下的意外。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">两者都来自于一个陷入分裂的党派且与任何派系人脉都不够深,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而且有一批来自基层的铁杆忠实粉丝。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">洪秀柱有没有可能胜选?几乎没有可能。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">戈德华特已经证明民主国家里基本教义派很难有市场。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">民主党轻易的把戈德华特扣上很多帽子,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而戈德华特根本没有辩解余地。洪秀柱光是想急着签署《和平协议》</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">这一件事就已经够民进党藉题发挥了。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">民进党只要能和当年约翰逊阵营一样奉行稳定立场,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">然后对对手发动凌厉攻势,洪秀柱和国民党立委选战断无胜选之理。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">洪秀柱最后能拿的只会有深蓝票,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">就像戈德华特只能拿六州的白人票一样。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是更重要的问题是,若是洪秀柱败选,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">国民党会不会有新生代受到鼓舞然后东山再起?</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">有一件事情是可以肯定的:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">若国民党立委败得与共和党当年参众议院选举一样惨,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">这一定会肃清国民党内的老人势力,让新生代快速接班,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">所以国民党能否重生,就端看国民党核心价值能否感动人心,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">或是至少可以明显造福特定多数团体。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">戈德华特提出的小政府,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">个人自由至上主义和减税的确是和美国立国精神符合而且也符合许多</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">人的胃口,“政府,官僚少管闲事”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">是一个很能打动一般年轻人的口号。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">戈德华特反对福利政策和财富重新分配,则明显对于人口占多数,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">且掌握多数工商业的白人有利。反共则是连民主党都支持的东西。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">时间一久,年轻白人和坚定反共的选民自然慢慢归队。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">国民党传统上给一般人的认知是重稳定、重秩序、重长幼尊卑。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">这跟现代政治上的左右意识形态没有什么关系,这纯粹叫威权,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">而这跟当年戈德华特阵营对个人自由的慷慨激昂口号完全对立,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">没有把年轻人吓跑就已经不错了。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">洪秀柱的政见看来似乎支持课富人税和照顾经济弱势。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">在财富分配日趋不公的情况下,这真的有可能打动新生代。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是洪秀柱又宣称对抗中国是在搞民粹,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">这个就很难引起正常人共鸣。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">民主政治的定义并不包含外交上的预设立场。美国是民主国家,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">也会把航母开到伊朗和中国家门口,英国是民主国家,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">二战时也对抗德国对抗到举国民穷财尽,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">也没听说谁认为邱吉尔在搞民粹。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">其实用现代政治的光谱根本无法定义国民党的基本属性。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">洪秀柱的信仰就是“复兴中华民族”,在达到这个目的的前提之下,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">什么都可以谈。而民族复兴这种根本过时的玩意将毫无吸引力,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">国民党基本教义派唯一有可能重演共和党复活奇迹的方法就是仰赖中</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">国,然后藉由说服中国不断地让利,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">看看自己有没有什么新方法可以让财富分配到更多人台湾人手上。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">但是这么做风险极大,一来中国未必能够继续强大下去;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">二来中国习惯上都只跟富豪高官来往,要中国官员照顾台湾同胞,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">似乎有些困难,最重要的是,人心未必可以都被收买。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">当年戈德华特虽然惨败,他的那一句“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">用极端主义捍卫自由不是罪恶,用温和手段追求正义并非美德”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">到今天听起来仍然掷地有声。国民党基本教义派的“中华民国万岁”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">,听在一群从出生长大工作都跟中国无关的人耳里,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;">恐怕像是痴人呓语吧。</span><br />