<div><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">夜雨敲窗,更阑人静,正是读史的好时候。在这个风雨之夜,<wbr>终于读完了张发奎的口述回忆录《蒋介石与我》。<wbr>从国民党奠都南京到抗战爆发这段时间,中国内战不断,遍地枭雄。<wbr>张发奎是南方枭雄之一。</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’> <br /><br /></span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">说起来,我家与张发奎还有一些渊源。抗战时期,<wbr>四战区长官司令部驻柳州,张发奎是司令长官,<wbr>我外公是司令部的上校干事。当时离司令部不远的山洞里,<wbr>有一个归军政部管的军火库,贮藏了大量炮弹和炸药,<wbr>库长是何应钦的侄子。</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>1941</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">年</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>6</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">月,柳州连续阴雨,<wbr>炸药受潮发热,洞口整天往外冒烟,附近的人都很担忧,<wbr>张发奎天天派人查询,库长都说:</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>“</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">没危险。</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>”</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">张发奎不放心,<wbr>亲自跑到山洞察看,烟已很浓烈,他把库长叫来问:</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>“</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">到底有没有危<wbr>险?</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>”</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">库长还是那句话:</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>“</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">没危险。</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>”</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">张发奎问:</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>“</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">有危险,<wbr>你负责?</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>”</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">库长拍胸脯说:</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>“</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">我负责。</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>” <br /><br /></span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">但张发奎刚离开军火库不到一公里,军火库便爆炸了,</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>12</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">名官兵殉<wbr>难,我外公是其中之一。何应钦在重庆闻讯,<wbr>一面表示从优抚恤死难官兵,一面要求把库长解送重庆,<wbr>交军政部军法司讯办,其实是想保他。张发奎一口拒绝:</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>“</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">难道</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>12</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN"><wbr>条人命,还抵不上他一条狗命吗?</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>”</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">下令把那个库长押到爆炸现场,<wbr>一枪崩了。后来四战区在山上建了一座塔,上镌由张发奎题写的</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>“</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">中<wbr>华民国死难官兵纪念塔</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>”</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">一行大字。现在,这塔大概也已不存了吧。</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’> <br /><br /></span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">张发奎很念旧,</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>1947</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">年,我母亲因政治原因蹲了国民党的大牢,<wbr>张发奎知道是四战区袍泽的遗属,马上亲自出具保函,<wbr>把她保了出来。我从小就听过不少张发奎的逸事。比如他绰号叫</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>“</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">大<wbr>王</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>”</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">,因他签名只签一个</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>“</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">奎</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>”</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">字,看起来像</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>“</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">大王</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>”</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">二字。<wbr>其实他的举止并不像山大王,倒有点像绅士,他喜欢看话剧,<wbr>听小提琴演奏,吐痰时总是吐在手帕里,<wbr>小心翼翼地包好放在衣袋中。只有当他穿上戎装,扬鞭策马时,<wbr>才显得八面威风。有一回在柳州马失前蹄,把他跌了个</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>“</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">发昏章第十<wbr>一</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>”</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">,半个月动弹不得,但医生刚许他下床,又策马飞驰了。<wbr>这些在此本《蒋介石与我》里面,似乎都没怎么写到。</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’> <br /><br /></span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">蒋介石与张发奎的关系,离离合合,确实很有意思。<wbr>其实也包括李宗仁、李济深、陈济棠、阎锡山、冯玉祥、<wbr>张学良这些地方诸侯,我很奇怪他们和蒋介石为什么总是格格不入,<wbr>捏不到一块呢?他们本身虽然也矛盾重重,但为了反蒋,<wbr>却可以攻守同盟,甚至与共产党合作。<wbr>以前说他们受到蒋介石的压制与排斥,但这些诸侯的地盘,<wbr>加起来是大半个中国,蒋介石不过控制东部一隅而已。<wbr>以一隅之地排斥大半个中国,近乎天方夜谭。张发奎在书中也承认,<wbr>蒋介石</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>“</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">对我们两广军人最优容、最宽大</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>”</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">。</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’> <br /><br /></span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">张发奎不是个阴谋家,不喜欢玩权谋,但他和蒋介石就是合不来,<wbr>仿佛八字相冲。除了权谋之外,<wbr>一定有什么更深层次的因素在起作用。我想,最大的原因,<wbr>或与他们成长的地域文化背景有关。蒋介石来自东部的工商业城市,<wbr>而他的对手们,大都来自西南、东北、西北的农村地区,<wbr>身上还带着泥土的气味。张发奎家在粤北山区世世务农,李宗仁、<wbr>阎锡山、冯玉祥与农村的关系,都比蒋介石深得多。农民与农民,<wbr>总是比较容易谈得拢。</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’> <br /><br /></span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">张发奎批评蒋介石学外国都是学皮毛,<wbr>诸如喜欢美式的大翻领制服之类。他说:</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>“</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">如果由我作主,<wbr>我会选择最佳的外国制度。</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>”</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">但什么是最佳的外国制度呢?<wbr>他没解释,只是铿锵有力地说:</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>“</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">我坚信,<wbr>中山装最适合我们中国人穿。</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’>”</span><span style=\’color: rgb(68, 68, 68); line-height: 115%; font-family: "SimSun","serif"; font-size: 12pt;\’ lang="ZH-CN">可我怎么看,<wbr>都觉得中山装像日本青年学生的制服啊!<br /><br /><em>叶曙明是八十年代先锋小说作家。他曾被文艺评论家、台湾大学蔡源煌教授称为“当今华文世界最具潜力的作家之一”。其小说代表作有《环食·空城》。1989年后转向近代史研究。代表作有《大变局:1911》、《重返五四现场:1919,一个国家的青春记忆》、《中国1927·谁主沉浮》,《大国的迷失:帝制崩溃后十字路口的中国》、《军阀》、《草莽中国》、《重返辛亥现场》、《国会现场:1911-1928》等。叶曙明和孔捷生的外祖父是同一人。</em></span></div>