首尔韩中日峰会结束 三国达成多项共识

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color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);">Getty</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">中日韩领导人会议,三国领导人握手。</span></figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 28px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">韩日中首脑会谈周日下午于韩国首尔展开。三方达成协议,将加速韩日中FTA协商,并针对电子金融交易、能源与气候议题达成合作共识。三国并发表共同谈话文,宣示将为重启解决朝鲜非核化的六方会谈努力,但三方领袖对朝鲜问题看法存在差异。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">在中国总理李克强与韩国总统朴槿惠首先于周六(31日)会晤后,紧接着在周日(1日)登场的是韩、日、中三国的首脑会谈。日本首相安倍晋三上午乘坐专机抵韩,正式展开三方对话讨论。领袖峰会自下午2点后开始,持续1个半小时。</p><h2>峰会常态化</h2><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">这是韩日中三国领袖睽违3年半再度聚首会谈。先前三方曾因历史问题与领土主权纷争陷入矛盾,致使对话停摆。本次三方领袖决定,将让首脑峰会常规化定期举行。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">三国领袖发表共同宣言称,&#8220;以正视历史及迎向未来的精神作为基础,彻底处理三国相关问题,并为改善两边关系与强化三国合作而共同努力。&#8221;这段内容被认为是在向日本喊话,呼吁解决历史纷争。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">作为东道主的朴槿惠总统表示,&#8220;东北亚在经济上的相互依存正快速深化,却因政治与安保方面的矛盾与折腾而带来问题,因为迟迟无法解决,使得三国合作的无限潜力,无法充分发挥。&#8221;</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">朴槿惠表示,希望三国会谈能开启东北亚的和平合作,成为强化相互信赖的里程碑。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">安倍也对朴槿惠主导的本次会谈,给予正面评价。他表示,&#8220;经由这次会议的举行,韩日中交流进程重回正常状态。就日本的立场,将对首脑会谈回归定期举行予以支持。&#8221;</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">值得关注的,是李克强随后的发言,他表示三方合作能发挥更大影响力,却隐约将矛头指向日本。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">李克强指出,&#8220;合作是要以将历史等敏感问题予以解决,以及增加东亚地区相互理解等为基础予以实现。不幸的是,我们三个国家距离这么近,部分国家间却无法深刻理解,对此感到可惜;期待真诚的包容与宽容能予以实现。&#8221;</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">李克强还表示,希望借会谈增进与朴槿惠与安倍间的政治互信,并期盼三国的合作体系不会&#8220;重蹈复辙&#8221;。</p><h2>FTA成焦点</h2><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">三国领袖达成共识,将加速韩日中自由贸易协定(FTA)的协商速度,并将努力建立三方在区域全面经济夥伴关系框架协定(RCEP)的领导地位。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">韩日中FTA可说是本次会晤的焦点。事实上,自2012年底起,三国政府曾针对FTA问题展开8次协商,讨论包括商品服务、产地标志与通关、检疫等问题,但各自针对商品与服务的让步等,却一直没有开始,使FTA进度处于停滞。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">这次会晤,除决定加速缔结FTA的协商,还强调希望FTA能在维持&#8220;互惠&#8221;与&#8220;高水准&#8221;(亦即触及多项产业领域或项目)的前提下进行。就韩国立场观之,在韩中FTA签订后,若紧接着韩日中FTA也能有顺利进展,迟迟难打入的日本市场,也将能获开拓机会。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">同时,韩日中领袖各自所提出的经济主张,包括朴槿惠所倡议的&#8220;创造经济&#8221;、安倍的&#8220;革新政策&#8221;及李克强的&#8220;创新经济&#8221;理念,也透过本次会谈得以连结。三方首脑决定将营造一个合议机制,进一步讨论这些计划的合作方式。</p><h2>合作共识</h2><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">会中也达成协议,将建构单一化的电子交易市场,撤除现存的交易壁垒。相关内容与合作备忘录的缔结,预估会在接着将登场的韩日中商业峰会,有更多议论。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">而在能源议题与环境议题上,韩日中同时作为世界天然气进口排名前三的国家,以及30%的温室气体排放量;会晤中决定,将强化建构&#8220;东北亚天然气中心&#8221;的合作理念,共同应对天然气供需危机,以及改善当下对出售天然气者的有利契约。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">三国并将合作让联合国气候纲要公约缔约国大会能顺利举行,让因应气候变迁的新体制能被推出与实行。</p><h2>&#8220;意见落差&#8221;</h2><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">针对朝鲜问题,三方也在共同声明文提到:&#8220;我们再度确认,坚决反对在朝鲜半岛开发核武的立场,并认为应如实履行联合国安理会决议及9.19共同声明上的国际义务与公约。&#8221;会中决定,将为尽早重启促进韩半岛非核化实质进展的六方会谈而努力。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">在会晤中,安倍首相将被朝绑架的日本人问题(亦即&#8220;拉致&#8221;事件)摆在优先顺序,他呼吁韩中领导人应扮演角色解决解决拉致问题。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">而峰会结束后,朴槿惠则于青瓦台举行的记者会上,强调&#8220;必须坚持朝鲜非核化的目标&#8221;。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">但李克强在峰会的公开发言中,针对朝核问题毫无言及,推测与近来朝中关系步入重整阶段有关。三国领袖在经贸议题上达成多项协议,但在朝鲜问题上,仍存在不同目标与热度。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">三国首脑会谈后,11月2日将是朴槿惠与安倍的会谈。但日中首脑是否也将个别会晤,目前仍不明朗。</p></div>