<p align="center" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><br /></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">女士們先生們下午好。</span></p><div> </div><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">我今天自投羅網,漫</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">話</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">毛澤東詩詞。先作幾點說明。第一,<wbr>明年毛澤東死</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">40年,文革發動50年,<wbr>在中國大陸公開獨立評價毛澤東及其思想文章詩詞,還很犯忌。<wbr>海外中國人,因為人生經歷各異,價值觀、審美意識不同,<wbr>對毛觀感的分歧不小,今天這次演講不願陷入類似分歧,<wbr>但也不迴避爭論。第二,本人少年時代曾是毛的狂熱信徒,——<wbr>整個中國恐怕找不到幾人不是毛的崇拜者</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">或</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">恐懼者;但經歷了文革</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;"><wbr>上山下鄉、林彪事件,本人跟很多人一樣</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">猛</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">然</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">驚覺</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">,<wbr>成為一個對毛深惡痛絕的青年,終身不變</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">,<wbr>甚至一度萌發刺殺毛的念頭</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">。第三,本人曾自定規矩,<wbr>不再引用毛任何話語詩詞,今天是自廢規矩。現在言歸正傳。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;"> 1976年10月1日,毛澤東死後中共第一個國慶</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">江青還有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">6<wbr>天才被拿下</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">),</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">余英時先生引毛詩句作了一首七律:“<wbr>帝子乘風禦翠華,不周山下萬旗斜。倦隨夸父追炎日,<wbr>漫訪吳剛問桂花。恆鳥已嘗玄圃水,嫦娥空守練爐砂。<wbr>蒼茫大地無情甚,欲主沉浮願總賒。”毛有“帝子乘風下翠薇”,“<wbr>不周山下紅旗亂”,“吳剛捧出桂花酒”;“問蒼茫大地,<wbr>誰主沉浮”;“恆鳥”指老幹部,“玄圃”,在崑崙之巔可通天,<wbr>老幹部們已飽嘗毛式共產烏托邦滋味,“嫦娥”指江青,毛死,<wbr>江青空守長命不死的仙丹煉爐;“賒”,打折扣之意,好像出韻了。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;"> 余先生是歷史學家,但難以克制對毛的厭惡,稱其“<wbr>對毛的成見牢不可破”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">。他</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">認為毛具有秦始皇和明太祖的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">所有負面</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;"><wbr>”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">,在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">20世紀世界史上與希特勒和斯大林</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">屬一丘之貉</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">,而其“<wbr>終極性歷史命運”將遠不及希特勒和斯大林。因為西方崇拜英雄,<wbr>希、林無論如何總算英雄,但中國人看重“德業”,毛的評價“<wbr>不容樂觀”。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">40年過去,<wbr>看來余先生對毛的歷史命運的評價有些樂觀了。2011年6月30<wbr>日,薄熙來在重慶奧體中心召集10萬人歌詠大會,邀請了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">全國</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">10<wbr>8個“自發組織”的紅歌隊,紀念中共建黨90週年。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">一半歌曲是歌<wbr>頌毛澤東的紅歌,其中有毛澤東的《沁園春·雪》和《《憶秦娥·<wbr>婁山關</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">》,年近</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">90歲的亨利·基辛格也坐在主席台上,<wbr>他肯定不能與10萬中國人齊聲高唱,但那種震天動地的氣勢,<wbr>恐怕震撼了這位前美國國務卿。——21世紀,<wbr>那裡還可見到這種場面?重慶3200萬人,唱紅歌25萬次,1.<wbr>8億人次參加。看看近期習近平對毛澤東、馬克思的重新評價</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">可知</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">,<wbr>毛澤東不僅陰魂不散,分明正捲土重來。最近,<wbr>聽說台灣政客宋楚瑜和柯文哲見面,竟背誦毛澤東《七律·<wbr>人民解放軍佔領南京》,真是匪夷所思。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">一.毛詩時代背景:憂患危急救世,宏詞大句</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">詩章</span></strong><strong></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;"> 文章本天成,詩人都是靈心善感之徒,<wbr>但再天才的詩人也是時代之子,既難抑內心衝動,<wbr>也需聽從時代呼喚。“西伯拘而演周易,仲尼厄而作春秋,<wbr>屈原放逐,乃 賦離騷……詩三百首,大抵聖賢發憤之所為作也!”聖賢如此,<wbr>梟氓也如此</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">毛澤東即一例。不了解毛的時代,<wbr>就不能了解毛的思想淵源,就不能讀懂毛的詩詞。<wbr>南懷瑾說他的時代是“亦舊亦新”,應再加“亦東亦西”,<wbr>新舊東西,大概可以概括毛時代。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;"> 這個時代,憂患之深,危機之重,變異之劇,前所未有。<wbr>就文章詩詞言,“微言大義”、“言近旨遠”“溫柔敦厚”<wbr>等傳統標準已難以應對,中國進入極端言辭、宏大敘事時代。<wbr>試略舉例。李鴻章:三千年未有之大變局;張之洞:中學為體,<wbr>西學為用;魏源:師夷之長技以治夷;康有為不僅力主變法圖強,<wbr>還以實現世界大同、人類公理自命;梁啟超:四千年大夢之驚醒;<wbr>孫中山:世界潮流,浩浩蕩盪;魯迅:中國歷史就是一場人肉筵席,<wbr>中國文化即“吃人”;平和謙遜的胡適也有這種詩句:<wbr>身行萬里半天下,眼高四海空無人;連四川無行文人無虞也出口就“<wbr>打孔家店!”;另一名川人李宗吾把中國智慧概括為“厚黑”二字。<wbr>一言以蔽之,老大中國不行了。毛是湖南人,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">湖南是中國近代最保守<wbr>又最激进的省份,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">顧炎武、黃宗羲、王夫之“經世致用”主要落</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">腳</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">在<wbr>湖南,王夫之“道隨器變,因時萬</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">殊”尤其為湘人所重。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">左宗棠、<wbr>曾國藩、郭嵩燾、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">王闓</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">運、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">胡林翼、谭嗣</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">同都是慷慨激烈、“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">老謀深<wbr>識,燭照不</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">遺”且孜孜建功立業之輩</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">毛早年即襲用</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">胡林翼字號</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">“<wbr>潤芝”為其字。毛澤東曾無數次仰望的岳麓書院門楣橫聯“<wbr>唯楚有材,於斯為甚”,睥睨天下,口氣無兩。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;"> 與毛先後同時的中共人士</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">也</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">皆好寫詩明志。陳獨秀:<wbr>歷史三千年黑暗,同胞四百兆顛連;李大釗:試看將來之寰球,<wbr>必是赤旗之世界;董必武:旋轉乾坤終有日,神州遍地自由花;<wbr>周恩來:大江歌罷掉頭東,邃密群科濟世窮;郭沫若:宇宙,<wbr>你濃血污穢的屠場,悲哀充塞的囚牢,群魔號叫的地獄!<wbr>不厭其煩引用,不外證明,憂國憂民、救世救人是毛時代的主題,<wbr>並非只有毛才志在改天換地。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">毛時代中國最嚴重的危機是內憂外患、亡國滅種。<wbr>這種危機既不純粹緣自中國歷史傳統,也遠非中國獨有。<wbr>亞洲大部分民族</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">包括</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">人口、土地僅次於中國的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">印度</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">已被殖民<wbr>,向全球擴張的歐洲自身也陷入空前危機。歷史以两次世界大戰,<wbr>以奥斯维辛集中營和古拉格群島坐實了憂患詩人的預告。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif; color: #365f91;"> </span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">歷史表明,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">19</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">世紀詛咒並破壞世界最激狂最“成功”的西方“<wbr>詩人”,是毛澤東的思想導師、德國猶太青年卡爾·馬克思。<wbr>馬克思喜歡复述《浮士德》里魔鬼靡菲斯特:<wbr>一切存在都應該被毀滅!馬克思在其詩作《人之傲》(</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">human pride</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">)宣告:我把輕蔑的匕首刺進世界的心臟,<wbr>任憑這侏儒般的巨人倒下,我要像神一樣穿行於世界的廢墟中,<wbr>當我的話語足夠強大時,我將與上帝平起平坐!歷史還表明,<wbr>現代人類,征服世界除了帝國勢力、堅船利炮、金錢、科學技術,<wbr>最後出場並翻天覆地的,卻是思想、理論,是詩。<wbr>蘇聯是馬克思主義的第一個作品,第一樂章。<wbr>文學詩歌是蘇聯的國家事業,共產黨人的統治重器。(列寧</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1924</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;"><wbr>年去世,蘇聯在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1925</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">年設立“列寧文學獎”,獎金</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">10000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">盧<wbr>布,相當於普通工人三年工資。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1939</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">年斯大林</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">60</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">壽辰,<wbr>蘇聯設立斯大林文學獎,一等獎金</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">100000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">盧布。<wbr>中共作家丁玲《太陽照在桑干河上》、周立波《暴風驟雨》、<wbr>賀敬之《白毛女》先後獲獎,都是腥風血雨的農村土改。<wbr>順便提一句,希特勒和墨索里尼都是文學藝術的狂熱之徒,<wbr>造詣還不淺。)就才華和氣質而言,毛澤東大概居三流詩人,<wbr>但他擁有某種詩外功夫,卻為所有詩人莫及。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">二.《沁園春·雪》:靈感、立意</span></strong><strong></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">中國自《尚書·堯典》提出“詩言志”、孔子稱“思無邪”,<wbr>歷代詩論詞論汗牛充棟,舉世無雙。《毛詩·序》、班固《漢書·<wbr>藝文志》、劉安《淮南子》、曹植《典論·論文》、蕭統《<wbr>昭明文選》、劉勰《文心雕龍》、鐘嶸《詩品》、歐陽修《<wbr>六一詩話》、王若虛《滹南詩話》、袁枚《隋園詩話》、嚴羽《<wbr>滄浪詩話》幾乎道盡作詩填詞的奧妙精髓。到王國維《人間詞話》<wbr>乾脆以詞喻詩詞,集聯</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">晏殊《蝶戀花》、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">柳永</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">《蝶戀花</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">·</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">伫倚危</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">樓風<wbr>細細</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">》、辛稼軒《青玉案</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">·元夕</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">》三句</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">詞</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">總結詩詞“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">三境界</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">”:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">昨<wbr>夜西風凋碧樹</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">獨上高樓,望盡天涯路</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">衣帶漸寬終不悔,<wbr>為伊消得人憔悴</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">;</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">眾裡尋他千百度,驀然回首,那人卻在,燈火闌珊處。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">以上境界,<wbr>毛多而不少具有,他還有兩法,史無前例。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">毛公開發表的第一首詞作是《沁園春·雪》。這首詞寫於</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1935</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">年<wbr>底,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">10</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">年後帶到重慶,通過四個渠道公之於眾:《新民晚報》<wbr>文藝副刊《西方夜譚》編輯吳祖光、中蘇文化友協理事、<wbr>中共地下黨員王昆崙、《新華日報》<wbr>代總編輯夏衍和南社詩人柳亞子。對詩詞並無造詣、<wbr>年輕左傾的吳祖光在按語中推重毛詞“風調獨絕</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">,文情并茂,而</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">氣</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">魄<wbr>之大,乃不可及。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: \’Times New Roman\’, serif;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">柳</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">亞</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">子</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">則稱</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">之</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">為</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: \’Times New Roman\’, serif;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">千古</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">絕</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">唱</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: \’Times New Roman\’, serif;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">謂</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: \’Times New Roman\’, serif;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">雖東</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">坡、<wbr>幼安,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">猶</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">瞠乎其</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">後</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">,更</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">無論</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">南唐小令、南宋慢</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">詞</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">矣</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: \’Times New Roman\’, serif;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif; color: #0070c0;">。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif; color: #0070c0;"> </span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">柳曾在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1945</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">年重慶期間稱頌毛澤東“中山卡爾雙源合”,<wbr>開中共頌聖諛詞先河。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1949</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">年毛澤東進京後,柳一邊在《<wbr>感事呈毛主席一首》中繼續稱頌毛“開天闢地”,<wbr>一邊表白自己不是“奪席談經”的多嘴之徒,也非“無車彈鋏”<wbr>索取無度之輩,而是“頭顱早悔平生賤,肝膽寧忘一寸丹”<wbr>的有功之臣;一邊向新皇以索要頤和園為名爭列帝師之尊:<wbr>尚使名園長屬我,躬耕原不戀吳江;一邊要挾毛,<wbr>若不識其材遂其志,便要仿效嚴子陵隱居遊釣:安得南征馳捷報,<wbr>分湖便是子陵灘。毛剛剛登基,就一反其在重慶書贈其《沁園春·<wbr>雪》給柳</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">時</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">稱</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">其詞“似與先生詩格略近,錄呈審正”的謙卑之態,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">以<wbr>居高臨下的口吻諷勸柳亞子:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">牢騷太盛防腸斷,風物長宜放眼量。<wbr>莫道昆明池水淺,觀魚勝過富春江</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">有說《沁園春·雪》轟動重慶,國民黨組織反動文人圍攻,<wbr>其實蔣介石對舞文弄墨寫詩填詞沒有興趣,詩騷歌賦詞曲統歸“<wbr>集部”,在中國正統文化中只居其末。重慶報紙曾有十來篇和詞,<wbr>主要為郭沫若、柳亞子等左翼文人,批駁者王新命、易君左等</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">不過</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">反<wbr>感毛在抗戰結束百廢待興之際,鼓吹帝王崇拜。<wbr>毛澤東後來為自己辯護,《沁園春·雪》是反對封建主義,<wbr>歌頌無產階級,——人們實在難從“文彩”、“風騷”、“風流”<wbr>里看到普通工人農民的影子。公開評毛詩詞,只有重慶一次。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">194<wbr>9</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">年後,在中國大陸,毛澤東詩詞與其人</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">其</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">事一樣,<wbr>再無人能夠評論。在海外,<wbr>也無人管窺毛的思想與其詩詞的主從關係。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">毛《沁園春·雪》表達的是一個老舊主題:江山與美人。<wbr>直接的靈感當然來自蘇東坡《念奴嬌·赤壁懷古》:大江東去,<wbr>浪淘盡,千古風流人物。……江山如畫,一時多少豪傑。“<wbr>大江東去”四字,境界開闊而渾然天成,後續寥寥數言,<wbr>不僅囊括毛覆蓋毛,興嘆之沉鬱、吟詠之悠遠更遠非毛可比。<wbr>東坡只敘周郎一人,新婚燕爾,雄姿英發,羽扇綸巾,談笑間……<wbr>字句靈動飛揚跌盪迴環,毛羅列帝王暴君,鋪排風景,合掌犯复,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">不<wbr>厭其煩</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">,——蘇、毛之間懸隔,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">何</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">可以道里計。故國神遊……<wbr>人生如夢,毛何曾有這等感喟。</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">“江山多嬌”就必然“折腰”?毛的反應過於本能化,<wbr>被一種生物性佔有欲念支配。“蒹葭蒼蒼,白露為霜。</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">所謂伊人,在水一方。</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">溯洄從之,道阻且長。</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">溯游從之,宛在水中央”(《詩經·秦風》)。<wbr>純美真情常存於彼岸,無限之美遊盪在無限空間,可遠觀愛慕,<wbr>任何炙手征服皆成褻瀆。山水國畫《江山如此多嬌》</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1960</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">年代由<wbr>关山月、傅抱石繪制,掛在北京人大主會堂,<wbr>是神化毛詩詞的第一件作品。毛所思所求,只在據為己有,<wbr>格調下流自私,毫無浪漫高貴可言。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">毛《沁園春·雪》的源頭,則系孔子一句感嘆:逝者如斯夫,<wbr>不捨晝夜。對毛一類狂徒,夫子之不可及也,猶天之不可階而升也!</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">關於《沁園春·雪》,有說是胡喬木所寫。胡在晚年曾出版詩集《<wbr>人比月光更美麗》,——忸怩作態,恐怕沒有什麼人讀過。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1964</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;"><wbr>年《人民文學》突然發表胡</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">16</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">首詩詞,胡稱他寫舊體詩詞,“<wbr>由一時風尚”。其實就是毛澤東、<wbr>郭沫若幾人發表格律詩詞以作政治權爭工具的“風尚”。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">年<wbr>,胡倒是寫了一首《沁園春·杭州感事》:“穆穆秋山,娓娓秋湖,<wbr>盪盪秋江。正一年好景,蓮舟采月,四方佳氣,桂國飄香。……<wbr>最堪喜,有射潮人健,不怕瀾狂!”除了頌聖,還為毛文過飾非,—<wbr>—中國已餓死四千萬人。胡稱毛“對其習作終日把玩推敲”,<wbr>並逐字修改,“點化成金”。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1966</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">年江青曾訓斥胡喬木說,<wbr>主席為你的詩詞費心血太多,簡直是主席再創作,以後不許再送,<wbr>干擾主席工作。毛若在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">即便江青在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">,胡敢說《沁園春·雪》<wbr>是他的作品?中國有太多無聊無行無恥文人,<wbr>這也是毛忘乎所以的時代土壤。順便提一句,有說“重慶談判”<wbr>是場“鴻門宴”。若真是“鴻門宴”,蔣介石就應有手段,<wbr>做一次不守誠諾的小人,不放毛回延安,《沁園春·雪》</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">恐怕就真</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">成</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;"><wbr>毛澤東的“千古絕唱</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">了。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">三.毛“詩外功夫”:氾濫成災</span></strong><strong></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 10pt 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 13pt; line-height: 19.9333px; font-family: SimSun; color: #404040;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">目前中共官方指認的毛澤東詩詞大約</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">60首,有人算過,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">3997字<wbr>,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">毛寫作時間</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">60年左右,大概</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">一年一</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">首,作為詩人,產量不高。<wbr>毛詩正式公開發表於</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">1957</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">《詩刊》</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">18首</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">1963年人民<wbr>出版社出版《毛主席詩詞》37首,1976年增為39首,198<wbr>6年毛澤東死10週年,鄧小平題寫書名《毛澤東詩詞選》</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">50首<wbr>。其間其後,《人民日報》、《紅旗》雜誌、<wbr>中央黨史文獻研究室等機構陸續刊發,文革前發行量已超過5000<wbr>萬份。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin: 10pt 0cm 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;"> 文革是毛澤東詩詞氾濫的巔峰時期。除馬恩列斯魯迅外,<wbr>全中國都充斥毛,數以億計的毛語錄、雕像、照片、宣傳畫,<wbr>中央人民廣播電台開闢“毛澤東詩詞歌曲”專欄,<wbr>從早到晚廣播各種曲目的毛詩詞歌曲</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">無數紅衛兵、<wbr>造反派用毛詩詞字句取名,甚至用毛用過的詞牌取名:滿江紅、<wbr>蝶戀花、西江月、菩薩蠻、水調歌頭、如夢令、沁園春</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">武斗死人,<wbr>必用高音喇叭播放《蝶戀花·答李淑一》或《蝶戀花·<wbr>從汀洲島長沙》:國際悲歌歌一曲,狂飆為我從天落。陳寅恪暮年,<wbr>紅衛兵在他床頭播放《渔家傲</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">·</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">反第一次大</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">围剿</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">》</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">中共國歌《<wbr>義勇軍進行曲》作者田漢被強迫喝自己的尿,<wbr>並聽任紅衛兵在他耳邊高吼《七律·送瘟神》</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">廣西宣武縣造反派一<wbr>邊唱毛澤東詩詞歌曲一邊吃“地富反壞分子”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">湖南道縣紅衛兵一邊<wbr>唱《毛主席語錄》歌一邊用斧頭柴刀砍殺。我為自己算過,<wbr>文革十年,平均每天聽一首毛詩詞歌曲,計有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">3600次,毛詩詞6<wbr>0首,每首聽了60次。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">這</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">60餘首詩詞4000來字,<wbr>每個字上大約有10000多顆人頭。如此普及,灌輸,<wbr>古今中外所有詩人,誰有如此“詩外功夫”?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">我們一代許多人在青少<wbr>年時代,滿耳充斥毛的語錄詩詞,至今能一口氣背誦所有毛詩詞,<wbr>這是我們一大污點,怎麼也清除不去。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> </p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">四.</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">楊朱“</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">貴我</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">”</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">與</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">“</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">通今</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">”:深契毛心</span></strong><strong></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">從毛澤東詩詞的精神世界看,<wbr>貫通毛一生創作的是一種古典和現代詩人不曾有過的人生觀、<wbr>世界觀和宇宙觀。毛說,俄國十月革命給“我們”——<wbr>當然指以他為首的中共——送來了馬克思列寧主義,“這時,<wbr>只有這時,中國人才找到了一種放諸四海而皆準的普遍真理”,<wbr>一種最科學最先進的宇宙觀(近期習近平外訪西方時,<wbr>稱世界上沒有什麼放諸四海而皆準的普遍真理,<wbr>不知是否意味放棄馬列主義)。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">毛澤東服膺馬克思列寧主義,乃其天性和早期</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">人生哲學</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">形成大有關</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">涉</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;"><wbr>。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1913</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">年,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">20</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">歲的毛</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">就</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">讀</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">湖南省立第四</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">師範學校預</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">科班</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">時</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">在<wbr>《講堂錄》論及楊朱,即孟子所稱“天下之言,不歸於楊即歸墨”、<wbr>拔一毛利天下而不為的“貴我”祖師爺。楊有詩人脾性,<wbr>臨岐路而泣,極端多愁善感,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">但</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">真正打動毛的是楊朱的是非價值觀。<wbr>楊朱不否認舜、禹、周、孔為四大聖人,桀、紂是兩名暴君,<wbr>四聖流芳千古,二暴遺臭萬年。但前者“苦以至終,無一日之歡”,<wbr>而後者“借累世之資,居南面之尊,智足以禦群臣,威足以震四海。<wbr>言無不行,志</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">無</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">不從,肆情於寢宮,縱歡於長夜,不以禮義自苦,<wbr>此天人之逸盪放縱者也!(死後)雖稱之弗知,雖毀之弗知”,<wbr>不就是毛得天下後的寫照,——當然遠不是完整寫照。毛發揮道,“<wbr>聖人之所為,人不知之,曲彌高和彌寡也,人恆毀之,不合乎眾也。<wbr>然而聖人之道,不求人知,其精神惟在質天地而無疑,<wbr>放四海而皆准,俟百世而不惑,與乎無愧於己而已。並不怕人毀,<wbr>故曰舉世非之而不加沮,而且毀之也愈益甚,則其守之也愈益篤,<wbr>所謂守死善道是也”。毛以楊式聖賢自命,稱“古之有為於天下者,<wbr>必有以脫除天下之習,而立乎其外”,毛由衷欣賞“<wbr>楊朱所以背馳於東西而不相謀也”,並進一步闡述:<wbr>以往之事追悔何益,未來之事預測何益?毛於是得出兩點結論,一,<wbr>貴我,“橫盡空虛,山河大地一無可恃,而可恃惟我”;二,通今:<wbr>“豎盡來劫,前古後今一無可據,而可據惟目前”。<wbr>中國古代影響毛的首推法家,其次就是楊朱,毛是楊朱的真正傳人。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif; color: #222222; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif; color: #222222; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;"> </span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif; color: #222222; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun; color: #222222; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;">毛青年時代在長沙、北京、<wbr>上海網漏吞舟地讀過一些經日本傳入的歐洲</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif; color: #222222; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;">19</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun; color: #222222; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;">世紀的雜亂思潮:<wbr>社會達爾文主義、克魯泡特金無政府主義、叔本華生命虛空論、<wbr>尼采超人哲學、赫胥黎天演論、柏格森生命哲學、羅素經驗主義、<wbr>杜威實用主義。德國思想家菲特勒·泡爾生的《倫理學原理》<wbr>最契和毛的心智。<wbr>北大教授楊昌濟把此書作教材在湖南第一師範學校講授時,<wbr>他肯定始料不及,<wbr>他未來的女婿從中獲得的靈感將把中國引到何種田地;<wbr>泡爾生也絕對想不到,他</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun; color: #222222; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;">居然會有一名東方弟子,把他</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun; color: #222222; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;">的倫理學</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun; color: #222222; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;">發揮<wbr>到何等荒謬絕倫的程度</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun; color: #222222; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;">。毛澤東為《倫理學原理》寫下</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif; color: #222222; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;">12000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun; color: #222222; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;">言</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun; color: #222222; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;"><wbr>心得</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun; color: #222222; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;">(用白話文恐需</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun; color: #222222; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;">20萬字),</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun; color: #222222; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;">超過一生所讀。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun; color: #222222; background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll white;"> 泡爾生幾乎一勞永逸地塑造了毛的人生觀和世界觀:一,<wbr>我是宇宙唯一中心,萬物因我也為我而存有,<wbr>此為世界倫理之最高範疇;二,在我之前之後的世界,<wbr>我不能得而知之,因此皆屬虛妄,我不予思考也不對負責;三,<wbr>破壞乃最高創造法則,必須毀滅舊式民族、國家、世界乃至宇宙,<wbr>才可重建一切。此三者,不僅為宇宙法則,<wbr>也是最高和最後之人類道德。毛舉一反三:宇宙間可尊者唯我,<wbr>可畏者唯我,可服從者唯我。毛以“深谷的強風”、“<wbr>戀人無可壓抑的性欲”形容“真正偉人的本性”,<wbr>認為和平令人難以忍受,混亂才是歷史生命進程的動力,深信“<wbr>宇宙之毀於此者必成於彼無疑也,吾人甚盼望其毀,<wbr>蓋毀舊宇宙而新得宇宙,豈不愈於舊宇宙耶!”</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimHei;">五,毛服膺馬列主義</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">第一次世界大戰和五四新文化運動造成的嚴重後果是,<wbr>中國破天荒出現了全盤否定</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">固有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">傳統、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">企圖</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">徹底解決內外危機的激進<wbr>主義思潮。馬克思的唯物一元論和歷史辯證法為</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">激進主義人們</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">提供了<wbr>一種其他西方思想不曾提供的整體主義,<wbr>俄國十月革命則提供了實現這種整體主義的道路、模式和手段。<wbr>對毛而言,楊朱等古人只是開啟了他心中的欲求和心智,<wbr>馬列主義卻展開了一個空前的機遇和可能,<wbr>實現其人生抱負的國家前景、世界舞台。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">“一個幽靈,<wbr>共產主義的幽靈。在歐洲上空遊盪”,這樣的德式警句之于毛,<wbr>遠非中國幾千年各式陳</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">腐迂闊文字</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">所可湊泊。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">1848年革命,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">18<wbr>64年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">第一國際</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">1871年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">巴黎公社,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">1917年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">十月革命……<wbr>歐洲遠隔萬里,卻以連續爆發的革命震襲毛。<wbr>中國幾千年所有反叛的英雄好漢何曾擁有這樣的氣魄和志向:<wbr>共產黨人不屑於隱瞞自己的觀點和意圖。他們公開宣布:<wbr>他們的目的只有用暴力推翻全部現存的社會制度才能達到。<wbr>讓統治階級在共產主義革命面前發抖吧!<wbr>無產者在這個革命中失去的只是鎖鏈,他們獲得的將是整個世界。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;"> 紛繁蕪雜的人類世界,歷史之謎的破解,只待“最後的鬥爭”。<wbr>毛在讀完三本小冊子《共產黨宣言》、《階級鬥爭》(考茨基)、<wbr>和《社會主義論》(柯卡普)後, 速成一名馬克思主義者。馬克思之於毛,比泡爾森更進一步,<wbr>從歷史哲學、世界觀展示了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">一種新人類前景</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">,賦予暴力革命、<wbr>階級鬥爭、無產階級專政以“科學”的合法正義性。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"> </p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;"> 我們必須注意,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">馬克思的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">格言警句,正是歐洲</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">19世紀社會思潮的經<wbr>典表達,是從黑格爾到尼采</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">20世紀氾濫世界的德國思維的詩性<wbr>魅惑力所在。其極端、絕對和終極性最易於征服的,<wbr>就是毛一類一文不名而心比天高的“詩人”。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">毫無疑問,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">29</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">歲的馬<wbr>克思寫的《共產黨宣言》對</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">27</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">歲的毛澤東,<wbr>不啻令他醍醐灌頂茅塞頓開,毛老大不舉、<wbr>急於出人頭地的焦慮渴望得到空前的啟示和激勵。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">在根本破壞世界、<wbr>改造人類上,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">毛後來把馬克思主義概括為</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">造反有理</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">,<wbr>無論多麼粗鄙,都表明毛對馬克思虔誠的皈依,且終身不渝。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">從馬克思到列寧、斯大林,一個現代準宗教世界開始出現:<wbr>共產主義即其天堂,《共產黨宣言》即其《聖經》,<wbr>馬克思就是上帝,共產黨等於紅衣主教團,無產階級被說成選民,<wbr>莫斯科乃新耶路撒冷,所有反動階級都是撒旦,<wbr>一切不同思想皆屬異端。被泡爾生魅惑的毛,迅速改換門庭,<wbr>成為馬列弟子。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> </p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun;">六</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun;">.《沁園春·長沙》:打天下主沉浮宣言</span></strong><strong></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">按寫作時間,毛詩詞可分為</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1949</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">年前後。<wbr>之前主題是打天下得天下,之後主題是坐天下亂天下。<wbr>其餘山川景色人物故事花開花落都是裝飾。而</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">毛主動歸順馬列的投名<wbr>狀是他從</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">1927</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">年到</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">1949</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">年在</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">“</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">農村包圍城市、武裝奪取政權</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"><wbr>”</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">的造反中寫下的</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">30</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">來首詩詞。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">其始一首即《沁園春</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">·</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">長沙》。有說,這首詞系毛與同學、<wbr>同志多次遊歷岳麓書院、橘子洲的眾人聯句,請</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">某</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">老先生酌改而成。<wbr>蕭三後來在延安發現,</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">“</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">肅立寒秋</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">”</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">被改為</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">“</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">獨立寒秋</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">”</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">“</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">歡歌百<wbr>侶</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">”</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">改為</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">“</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">攜來百侶</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">”</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">。如作為毛的老同學兼詩人的蕭三所言屬實,<wbr>那麼,這首詞可視為毛在皈依馬列後的正宗詞作。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">《虞美人·枕上》</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">“</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">曉來百念皆灰燼,倦極身無憑。<wbr>一勾殘月向西流,對此不拋眼淚也無由</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">”</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">、《賀新郎·別友》</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">“</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">揮手<wbr>從茲去,更那堪淒然相向,苦情重訴</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">”</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">等別愁離緒、兒女情長,<wbr>那種正常人生感受,從此不再。《沁園春·長沙》鋪陳</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">“</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">萬類霜天競<wbr>自由</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">”</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">,如果僅止於此,讚美大自然,讚美造物主,<wbr>從而追求人間的自由和諧,該詞作者就沒有偏離中國詩詞常道,<wbr>可歸為某種</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">“</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">自然自由主義</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">”</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">。但讓毛無限惆悵焦慮的卻是:<wbr>問蒼茫大地,誰主沉浮?此問存有楊朱</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">“</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">公天下之身,公天下之物”<wbr>的絕對唯我主義,有趙匡胤</span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">“</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">未離海底千山黑,才到天中萬國明”<wbr>的所謂王者氣、黃巢“衝天香陣透長安,滿城盡帶黃金甲!”<wbr>的殺伐狂,更有“糞土當年萬戶侯”——破壞一個舊世界——<wbr>的階級鬥爭的口號誓言。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">1925</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">年寫</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">《沁園春·長沙》時</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">毛</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">已</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">32</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">歲,<wbr>已是中共一大代表,<wbr>頭一年還赴廣州參加國民黨第一次全國代表大會,<wbr>被汪精衛推薦為國民黨中央宣傳部代部長。而且,<wbr>已經成為共產主義者,其人生觀、世界觀和宇宙觀三觀並立,<wbr>已經由馬克思引領進入一個新境界。在毛澤東眼里,那個歐洲幽靈,<wbr>共產主義的幽靈,已開始在東方遊盪,——毛要繼蘇聯之後,把</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">中國</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;"><wbr>改造成馬克思主義的第二個作品。王夫之們“經世致用”、“<wbr>道隨器變”有了一種嶄新的詮釋:<wbr>解釋世界不過是庸俗思想家的老式工作,<wbr>改造世界才是人類的新使命。</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">天地萬象都是戰場,<wbr>世間萬物都是工具,誰勝誰負,誰主宰中國和世界,<wbr>是毛澤東終身念茲在茲的唯一問題。毛澤東發誓,<wbr>將來要把中國拖入“中流”,去“浪遏飛舟”。“長沙”<wbr>不過是中國的缩影,“萬戶侯”則是“一切害人蟲”。《沁園春·<wbr>長沙》乃是毛把東西方新老統治思想融匯貫通的個人宣言,<wbr>就像希特勒《我的奮鬥》一樣。未來幾十年毛將如此這般行事,<wbr>樂此不疲。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun;">七</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun;">.毛與郭唱和:亂天下</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun;">乃</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun;">千秋功業</span></strong><strong></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">毛最後一首詩《七律·讀封建論呈郭老》,“發表”於</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">1973</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">8</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;"><wbr>月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">日(之前毛已經七年沒有詩興)。是年毛</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">80</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">歲,郭沫若</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">81</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">歲<wbr>。毛似乎已厭倦任何喉舌諸如《人民日報》、《中央廣播電台》<wbr>的鼓譟,而是讓江青抄錄,在政治局會議上宣讀:“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">勸君少罵秦始皇<wbr>,</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">焚坑事件要商量。</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">祖龍魂死業猶在,</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">孔學名高實秕糠。</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif; color: #262626;">百代</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun; color: #262626;">皆</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif; color: #262626;">行秦政法,</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">十批不是好文章。</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">熟讀唐人封建論,</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">莫從子厚返文王</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">。”</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">郭沫若</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">1945</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">年在重慶發表十篇文章合集《十批判書》(<wbr>余英時認為其中儒分八派、稷下黃老學派、<wbr>名辯思潮等文章有抄襲錢穆之嫌),<wbr>批判秦始皇把六國貴族和自由民重新變為奴隸,是開歷史倒車。<wbr>毛曾把郭</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">1944</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">年在重慶撰寫發表的《甲申三百年祭》<wbr>等文作為延安整風文件,稱郭的文章“只嫌其少”。近</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">30</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">年後,<wbr>毛突然拿郭是問,先叫江青傳達一首打油詩:“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">郭老從柳退,<wbr>不及柳宗元</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">名曰共產黨,崇拜孔二</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">先</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">。”然後作上述七律,<wbr>正式批判郭。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1974</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">25</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">日,<wbr>中央直屬機關召開上萬人批林批孔動員大會</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">江青</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">再次</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">宣讀毛的兩首<wbr>批郭詩篇</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">,然後</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">談古論今,當眾訓斥郭沫若,敲擊周恩來</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">中國有悠久的頌聖傳統,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">殿閣詩</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">台閣體、御前宮體</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">詩</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1949</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">年<wbr>後,郭沫若等新派詩人不避辱穢,奉迎新皇,曾與毛多有唱和。<wbr>毛公開發表的有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">年《七律·賀郭沫若同志》,<wbr>旨在反對蘇聯修正主義(佛教徒趙樸初也參予其中);</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1<wbr>2</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">26</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">日毛</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">70</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">壽辰,郭發表《滿江紅·領袖頌》,毛</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">遂</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">63</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">年<wbr>元旦發表《滿江紅·和郭沫若》。簡單比較,<wbr>可見毛與其同好之間差異所在。郭開篇:滄海橫流,方顯出,<wbr>英雄本色。毛回應:小小寰球,有幾個,蒼蠅碰壁。<wbr>毛根本不屑做什麼英雄,在毛眼里,<wbr>地球上也就幾個蒼蠅似的反動派還在苟延殘喘而已,滅除它們,<wbr>算不得什麼“滄海橫流”,——郭沫若所見太低。郭結尾:聽雄雞,<wbr>一唱遍寰中,天下白。毛不予理會:要掃除,一切害人蟲,全無敵。<wbr>郭只知稱頌偉大英明,毛興趣卻在破壞、消除、毀滅,——<wbr>這才是唯一令毛亢奮神往</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">、年高彌篤</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">的千秋功業。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">郭沫若曾幾度想自殺,靠一本</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">《讀〈隨園詩話〉札記</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">》</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">(<wbr>內有稱頌秦始皇文字,毛讓江青取走)和一首《七律·春雷》<wbr>才救下老命:“肯定秦皇功百代,判宣孔二有餘辜。<wbr>十批大錯明如火,柳論高瞻燦若朱。願與工農齊步伐,<wbr>滌除污濁繪新圖。”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">當年要把日月星球和全宇宙吞了的“天狗”,“</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;"><wbr>绝端自由,绝端自</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">主</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">”,一味</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">飛</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">奔,狂叫,燃</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">烧</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">冲决一切</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">羅網的中<wbr>國新詩奠基人</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">最後真正淪為“偶像崇拜者”。就中國詩歌而言,<wbr>毛對郭的羞辱,可以看作舊世山大王仗恃權力對現代新詩的壓制。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">八</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">.毛</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">返祖秦始皇:</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">百代皆行秦政</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun; color: #262626;">法</span></strong><strong></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">毛並非無端羞辱郭,而有其深遠思慮。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1960</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">年代,<wbr>毛在與蘇共爭奪國際共運正統地位的同時,<wbr>開始返回中國農民造反傳統,以及帝國淵源。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">年,<wbr>毛要求中央委員學習《三國志·張魯傳》,“吃飯不要錢”,<wbr>為人民公社尋找歷史根據。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1964</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">年發表《賀新郎·讀史》<wbr>歌頌流氓無賴和農民起義領袖:盜跖</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">庄</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">蹻</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">流譽後,<wbr>更陳王奮起揮黃鉞。但是隨年紀漸老,毛日益懷念秦始皇。<wbr>他大概意識到,人民擁有巨大力量,但也可能發生蛻變和分裂,<wbr>馬列主義這種外來理論</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">未必能為中國人長久信奉</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">,<wbr>真正能夠牢牢控制中國人的只有一種力量,即</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">2000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">年大一統中央<wbr>集權主義帝國。毛從</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">年開始為秦始皇辯護,<wbr>稱他自己超過秦始皇</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">100</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">倍。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1972</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">林彪</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">父子</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">在《</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">571</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">工程<wbr>紀要》</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">稱</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">毛是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">借馬列主義之皮執秦始皇之法的中國歷史上最大的封<wbr>建暴君</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">毛顯然頗受刺激,更</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">意識到</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">秦始皇之不可廢。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">在會見埃及<wbr>副總統沙菲時,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">毛終於亮出底色:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">秦始皇是中國封建社會第一個有<wbr>名的皇帝,我也是秦始皇。我贊成秦始皇,不贊成孔夫子。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.4px; font-family: SimSun;">在毛眼<wbr>里,秦始皇好大喜功、嚴刑峻法、厚今薄古、窮奢極欲卻能萬世一系<span style="color: #0d0d0d;"><wbr>(“百代皆行秦政法”),</span>這正式毛澤東終身奮鬥的目標。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">除毛本人外,沒有一個人真正讀懂了他最後這首七律。<wbr>秦始皇的遺產,在毛最後視野里,無比緊要和偉大,<wbr>毛對自己的最終定位是:馬克思加秦始皇(<wbr>既不是孔夫子也不是漢高祖更不是李自成)。如此這般,<wbr>毛澤東從楊朱</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">到</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">泡爾生到馬克思、列寧斯大林,再回到盜跖陳勝,<wbr>最後歸</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">返</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">秦始皇,使自己成為東西方統治欲、破壞狂、<wbr>征服癖的集大成者。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">如此,人們才可理解,毛何以對殺戮、死亡、<wbr>毀滅持有與常人迥然不同的冷漠、超然;<wbr>才能理解毛何以全然不顧幾十年拼命追隨的同儕劉少奇彭德懷鄧小平<wbr>林彪等人的死活顏面</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">;</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">才能理解毛何以絕不施仁政、行憲法,<wbr>絕不妥協、下罪己詔。相反,毛在中國人生靈塗炭的浩劫中分明產生</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;"><wbr>了</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">某種其樂無窮的快意和成就感,<wbr>才可理解毛那些狂詞浪句何以擁有令大大小小的毛澤東感同身受的刺<wbr>激與迷狂:“四海翻騰雲水怒”、“敢教日月換新天”、“<wbr>金猴奮起千鈞棒”、“攪得周天寒澈”、“天翻地覆慨而慷”、“<wbr>掃除一切害人蟲……”“不須放屁!”</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">中共領導人,沒有誰能正視毛的心靈,抵禦毛的癲狂,<wbr>他們因此全都臣服,至死不能為自己和這個黨、所屬民族、<wbr>國家爭取到基本的尊嚴、權利和幸福。——毛的結局也由此奠定,<wbr>一個無法無天的孤家寡人。為毛送終的還是兩名詩人。</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">大限將至,<wbr>毛日夜以</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">庾</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">信《枯樹賦》自況:“昔年種柳,依依漢南,今看搖落,<wbr>淒愴江潭。樹猶如此,人何以堪!”以及唐代羅隱《籌筆驛》詩句:<wbr>“時來天地皆同力,運去英雄不自由。”——</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">人之將死,</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">多少恢復一<wbr>點人性。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><strong><span style="font-family: SimSun;">九.毛詩詞弊害:思而邪</span></strong><strong></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">今天早上,有朋友打電話說,你王康講毛詩詞,一定很沉悶。<wbr>傳來一篇長文,一名“小女子僅從文學藝術上”論說毛詩詞。<wbr>姑且照本宣科一小段:</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">我們在讀高中的時候語文老師就講過“犯復”<wbr>乃初學作詩填詞的年輕人常犯的錯誤,所以,<wbr>寫完初稿要審查的第一項就是看是否有“犯復”的地方。比如,<wbr>不能寫</span> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">“拳打南山猛虎,腳踢北海蛟龍。”<wbr>雖然猛虎與蛟龍不是同一種動物,甚至一個在山上一個在水裡,<wbr>但表達的就是“你是個威猛之士”這一同樣的意思。毛澤東的一首《<wbr>沁園春</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">——</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">雪》裡有這樣的“犯復”:秦皇漢武,略輸文采;<wbr>唐宗宋祖,稍遜風騷。這裡的“略輸文采”就等於“稍遜風騷”</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">因<wbr>為</span> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">“略輸”</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">=</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">“稍遜”;“風騷”就是“文采”的意思。好比“怕妻”<wbr>與“懼內”是一回事一樣。所以,<wbr>如果要表達這些人都不怎麼有文采,就只</span> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">能用:秦皇漢武唐宗宋祖,略輸文采(或稍遜風騷也行)。就好比:<wbr>“馬二張三李四王五懼內”,而不是“犯復”成“馬二張三怕妻,<wbr>李四王五懼內。”</span> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">“坐地日行八萬</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">里</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">,巡天遙看一千河。”<wbr>就是說地球自轉一周就是八萬</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">里</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">,你一天不動就行了八萬</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">里</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">,<wbr>也就看了一千河(銀河)。這一對聯說的是一回事,<wbr>用一句就可以了,可他非要重復來說同一件事,<wbr>是犯了歷代詩人之大忌。</span> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">“四海翻騰雲水怒,五洲震蕩風雷激。”五洲就包括了四海。<wbr>震蕩與翻騰是同義詞,可以互換。雲水都怒了,風雷怎麼可能不激?<wbr>所以,雲水怒與風雷激可以互換</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">。</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">“一年一度秋風勁”裡的“<wbr>一年一度”與“秋”就是“犯復”,因為沒有一年兩度的秋,<wbr>也沒有兩年一度的秋。說“秋風勁”就沒必要說前邊的“一年一度”<wbr>了,可以把這個空間留給其它場景的描寫或者心情的描述。</span> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">“寥廓江天萬</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">里</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">霜”也是“犯復”,因為都萬</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">里</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">了還不寥廓?所以,<wbr>“萬</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">里</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">霜”前邊沒有必要說“寥廓江天”,因為“萬</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">里</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">霜”<wbr>只能發生在“江天”而不會在月球上。</span> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">“炮火連天,彈痕遍地”也是“犯復”,都炮火連天了,<wbr>怎麼可能不是彈痕遍地?沒有炮彈怎麼有炮火?也就是說,<wbr>只要講出“彈痕遍地”讀者就必然明白那是“炮火連天”的後果。<wbr>如果說出“炮火連天”讀者必然就知道後果便是“彈痕遍地”。“<wbr>但記得斑斑點點,幾行陳跡。”也是“犯復”了,因為“斑斑點點”<wbr>與“幾行陳跡”說的是一回事,用“斑斑點點”或“幾行陳跡”<wbr>都把意思表達完全了。</span> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">“多少事,從來急;天地轉,光陰迫;一萬年太久,只爭朝夕。”</span> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">這六小段組成的三句話只是說“只爭朝夕”一個意思,<wbr>這啰啰嗦嗦一大堆的解釋,是“犯復”裡的極妙代表。</span> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">類似的還有“恰同學少年,風華正茂;書生意氣,揮斥方遒。<wbr>指點江山,激昂文字”</span> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">,</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">“同學少年,風華正茂,書生意氣,是“三重犯復”,而“<wbr>揮斥方遒,指點江山,激昂文字”也是“三重犯復”。<wbr>這一大堆說的就是一個簡單的意思:少年書生指點江山。</span> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">還有:</span> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">“六月天兵征腐惡,萬丈長纓要把鯤鵬縛。百萬工農齊踊躍,<wbr>狂飆為我從天落。”這首詞裡的“犯復”地方太明顯。“<wbr>要把鯤鵬縛”就等於“征腐惡”,是“犯復”了。“<wbr>百萬工農齊踊躍”與“萬丈長纓要把鯤鵬縛”是一個意思。“<wbr>從天落”與前邊的“天兵”是重復,從天落就是天兵。“<wbr>看萬山紅遍,層林盡染。”也是“犯復”了,如果萬山都紅遍了,<wbr>那還不是層林盡染?而且染的還都是紅色才行,否則,就不是“<wbr>萬山紅遍”了,而是“萬山五顏六色”了。“夜長天色總難明</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">, </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">寂寞披衣起坐數寒星。”在意思上來講也是“犯復”的,因為“<wbr>寂寞披衣起坐數寒星”的內容已經包括了“夜長天色總難明”。<wbr>雖然“夜長天色總難明”未必包括</span> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">“寂寞披衣起坐數寒星”,因為睡不著的時候也許坐起來數寒星,<wbr>也許躺著想事,但“寂寞披衣起坐數寒星”的意思一定包括“<wbr>夜長天色總難明”,否則便是“一覺</span> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">天明”。所以毛澤東的兩句重復說的是一個意思:睡不著覺。<wbr>與一覺天明相反。“要掃除一切害人蟲,全無敵。”百分之百重復,<wbr>因為“害人蟲”</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">=</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">“敵”,“一切”</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">=</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">“全”,都掃除了</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">=</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">沒有了</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">=</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;"><wbr>無。把“要掃除一切害人蟲”八個字縮寫成三個字就是“全無敵”。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">再說</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">“合掌”</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">。</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">凡是上下句裡有可以互換的就屬於“合掌”句。<wbr>在毛澤東的《沁園春</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">——</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">雪》裡的“秦皇漢武,略輸文采;<wbr>唐宗宋祖,稍遜風</span> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">騷”互換後就變成了:“秦皇漢武,略輸文采;唐宗宋祖,<wbr>略輸文采”,因為“略輸文采”與“稍遜風騷”是可以互換的,<wbr>就跟老婆與妻子可以互換一樣。“神州豈止千重惡,<wbr>赤縣原藏萬種邪。”這就跟“老婆”與“妻子”一模一樣的“合掌”<wbr>了。說的是一回事。下聯的“赤縣”與上聯的“神州”<wbr>互換後一點問題都沒有。而“豈止”與“原藏”可以互換;“<wbr>千重惡”與“萬種邪”完全可以互換。</span> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">還有“惡煞腐心興鼓吹,凶神張口吐煙霞。”、“天連五嶺銀鋤落,<wbr>地動三河鐵臂搖。”都是“合掌”的例子</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">。</span> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">上下聯裡邊的詞組不能互換也未必不是“犯復”,<wbr>要看整個意思是否“合掌”。比如:“宜將剩勇追窮寇,<wbr>不可沽名學霸王。”上下聯說的是同一個意思,此對仗不</span> <span style="font-family: SimSun;">論多麼不工整(“剩”是形容詞,對應的應該是“欠”“缺”“余”<wbr>等字,而“沽”是動詞,對應的應該是“買”“賣”等字),<wbr>亦屬於“合掌”。文革中被引用頻繁的一對:“獨有英雄驅虎豹,<wbr>更無豪傑怕熊羆。”是地地道道的“合掌”對聯,<wbr>上下對的每一個詞組都可以互換(獨有</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">VS</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">更無;英雄</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">VS</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">豪傑;<wbr>驅虎豹</span><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;">VS</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">怕熊羆)</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">至於毛詩詞的弊端,如不協音律,不合平仄,出韻失粘,都</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">無關宏旨</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;"><wbr>。毛過度襲用古人</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">據統計多</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">達</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">80餘處</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">)</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">,如:</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">“<wbr>別夢依稀咒逝川”,襲張沁“別夢依稀到謝家”;“<wbr>一唱雄雞天下白”襲李賀:“雄雞一唱天下白”;“<wbr>我欲因之夢寥廓”襲李白:“我欲因之夢</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">吳</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">月”。另如“天高雲淡”<wbr>、“蕭瑟秋風”、“霜天爛漫”、“西風烈”、“白浪濤天”……<wbr>在《詩韻集成》、《詩韻合璧》等工具書里俯拾皆是。這表明其詩</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;">質</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;"><wbr>有限,字詞貧乏。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">赫爾德林(被海德格爾稱為“詩人中的詩人”)認為,<wbr>詩是最清白無邪的事業,也是最危險的財富。<wbr>柏拉圖不希望那些褻瀆神靈、敗壞人心的詩人進入理想國。<wbr>孔夫子用更簡約的形式為詩作了詮釋:詩三百,一言以蔽之,<wbr>思無邪。前人對“思無邪”的“思”有多種解釋,朱熹、<wbr>俞樾認為是孔子獨創的概念,<wbr>接近某種天然質樸的靈感和正大光明的旨意。按照這種解釋,<wbr>詩乃人類光明本性的天然流露。所謂“日有所思,夜有所夢”,<wbr>夢即詩。雖然夢幻不全遵循現實世界的邏輯,但“思”卻是“夢”<wbr>的直接源頭,也即“詩”的真實主體。“無邪”即歸正,<wbr>返回詩的本真;“邪”卻是詩的變異、對立面。如果“詩”被“<wbr>邪思”浸淫,就會異化為“最危險的財富”。<wbr>中國以溫柔敦厚為詩教,它的“思”就是仁愛、同情、惻</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">怛</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">、冲和、<wbr>中庸,而拒絕狂妄、刻毒、極端、獨斷、暴戾。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">以“思無邪”衡量毛詩詞,它們不僅不入流,<wbr>而且褻瀆和悖逆了中國詩詞。因為思邪,<wbr>毛的豪放超邁淪為狂盪無稽,真性冲動變成恣縱囂張,<wbr>浪漫坦率演成咬牙切齒……。作為詩人,<wbr>毛用其邪思惡意毒化了幾代中國人,<wbr>災難性地改變了中國人的生命理趣、世界感受和審美意識,<wbr>塑造了一種通向仇恨、暴力、爭斗和毀滅的盜賊精神,<wbr>敗壞了純正優美天下無雙的中國詩詞,<wbr>以至於中國人還需付出艱苦努力,才能擺脫這個邪惡幽靈的糾纏。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">現在我們可以作一個小結:一個被邪性思想敗壞的詩人——<wbr>借助一種巨大權力——敗壞了他的國家和人民。<wbr>這就是毛澤東詩詞的本質和教訓。毛地獄有知,<wbr>當承認這是對他的詩詞的公正評價。</span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">大江東去,浪淘盡,千古風流人物,毛也在其中。爾曹身與名俱滅,<wbr>不廢江河萬古流。中國人終有一天,不再評價、不再理會毛詩詞。</span></p><div> </div><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">注:這是王康先生應華盛頓詩友社邀請,在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">2015</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">11</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 新細明體, serif;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">日所<wbr></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: SimSun;">作演講的文字整理。</span></p>