<h1><br /><img alt="招商局网页刊登袁庚讣告（BBC中文网图片31/1/2016）" src="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/660/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2016/01/31/160131063551_yuan_geng_china_merchants_group_976x549_bbcchinese_nocredit.jpg" width="976" height="549" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #bdbdbd; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; -webkit-user-select: none; width: 645.781px; display: block; background-color: #111111;" /></h1><div property="articleBody" style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, \’Microsoft YaHei\’, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, \’WenQuanYi Micro Hei\’, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 14.5455px; margin: 0px 53.7642px 0px auto; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><figure style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 32px -54.2188px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; background-color: #111111;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);">BBC Chinese</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">招商局网页全版套黑，发布袁庚死讯。</span></figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 28px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">中国招商局集团宣告，招商局常务副董事长、招商银行和平安保险的创始人袁庚逝世，享年99岁。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 23px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">招商局官方网站在周日（1月31日）发布的公告将袁庚称为“中国改革开放事业的重要探索者”，他于当日凌晨03:58（格林尼治标准时间周六19:58）在深圳蛇口病逝。官方新华社“新华视点”微博发布的简短稿件称呼他为“为中国改革开放事业作出重要贡献的袁庚同志”。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">根据媒体报导，袁庚曾作为中共情报人员帮助避免了前总理周恩来和前国家主席刘少奇刺杀事件的发生，后来作为官员推动了深圳蛇口工业区的建立，并先后创立了招商银行和平安保险等企业。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">中国社交媒体上不少人提到了袁庚在中共改革开放初年所说的一句话——“时间就是金钱，效率就是生命”——甚至将他与言论自由倡导者相媲美。</p><h2>从抗日到招商</h2><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">原名欧阳汝山的袁庚出生于中国广东省宝安县，1939年加入共产党并参加了抗日战争。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">二战期间，他曾在沦陷的香港帮助解救画家和民主革命者何香凝、外交家乔冠华和出版家邹韬奋等，并在日军投降后代表中共在香港地区作战的东江纵队与英方谈判，令该纵队得以在香港设立办事处，该处也是新华社香港分社的前身。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">中共政权建立后，袁庚接受中央军情部培训，负责情报工作的他在1955年帮助化解国民党特务暗杀前总理周恩来的企图——当时周恩来秘密临时改变了行程。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1963年，袁庚参与破获了国民党特务刺杀前国家主席刘少奇的“湘江案”。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">文化大革命期间，袁庚曾被关押五年，后经周恩来干预而获得释放。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">他在1978年赴香港参与招商局领导，并在邓小平改革开放政策下推动在广东建立蛇口工业区，成为深圳经济特区的雏形。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">担任蛇口工业区建设总指挥期间，袁庚推行一系列经济、住房制度、工资、新闻监督等方面的改革，并在1987年在中国人民银行批准下建立招商银行——这是中华人民共和国第一家企业股份制商业银行。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">次年，又是在他的推动下，新中国第一家由企业创办的商业保险机构平安保险在蛇口开业。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">招商局的讣告形容，在开始建设蛇口发工业区时，“在计划经济体制还占据着垄断地位背景下，袁庚以敢为天下先的改革精神，带领广大的创业者，勇闯禁区，进行蛇口工业区开展全面的改革探索”。</p><figure style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6449px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; background-color: #111111;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2016/01/31/160131083100_cn_shenzhen_hongkong_boundary_976x549_gettyimages_nocredit.jpg" datasrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/320/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2016/01/31/160131083100_cn_shenzhen_hongkong_boundary_976x549_gettyimages_nocredit.jpg" alt="从香港边界眺望深圳市区（资料图片）" width="976" height="549" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; -webkit-user-select: none; width: 616.207px; transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in; display: block;" /><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);">Getty Images</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">袁庚主导发展的蛇口工业区被视为整个深圳经济特区的雏形。</span></figcaption></figure><figure style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6449px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; background-color: #111111;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2016/01/31/160131084119_cn_ping_an_insurance_976x549_afp_nocredit.jpg" datasrc="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/320/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2016/01/31/160131084119_cn_ping_an_insurance_976x549_afp_nocredit.jpg" alt="平安保险在上海的营业处（资料图片）" width="976" height="549" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; -webkit-user-select: none; width: 616.207px; transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in; display: block;" /><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);">AFP</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">平安保险也是在袁庚主导下创办。</span></figcaption></figure><h2>网民致哀</h2><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">袁庚的死讯在社交媒体上传开后，不少网民表示哀悼，更有网民建议在深圳蛇口物色道路改名成“袁庚路”以示纪念。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">认证身份为民生证券研究院执行院长管清友的微博帐号说：“人们不会忘记袁庚同志——伟大的改革者。”</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">中国人民大学公共管理学院组织与人力资源研究所教授刘昕说：“一位在新中国的改革开放历史上留下浓重一笔的传奇人物， 一位有胆识、有魄力、有思想、有智慧的开拓者。 中国还会有下一位袁庚出现吗？”</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">一些意见领袖还点出袁庚的“开明”一面。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">曾在《经济观察报》任职的中国知名记者王克勤在微博上说：“蛇口模式是经济改革大潮中，政治体制和意识形态变革的率先尝试。北京青年教育专家给蛇口青年上课遭抵制，引发蛇口风波。袁庚态度明朗：在蛇口不许以言治罪。”</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">网名“老徐时评”的知名独立评论人徐绍林说：“他当年的改革争议极大几度传出其被抓，所幸那个年代还是比较宽容的。如果是当下吉凶难卜啊！”</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">上海财经类专栏作家刘胜军说：“蛇口风波中，袁说，‘对那位上了什么材料的青年人，一定要加以保护。即使他的发言有什么不妥，也不允许在蛇口发生以言治罪的事情。’在他看来，言论自由是一项神圣权利，应该有一个使人免于恐惧的环境。”</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">蛇口风波是指1988年1月13日，在蛇口招商大厦召开的“青年教育家与蛇口青年座谈会”上，三位来自北京的教育家与在场的青年意见不合，发生激辩，其后与会北京学者向北京告发有关青年有“错误言论”一事。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">袁庚在其后接受中共《人民日报》记者采访时表明：“不允许在蛇口发生以言治罪的事情”。</p></div>