中国每年空气污染死亡人数世界第一

<h1><br /><img alt="北京空气污染" src="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/660/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2016/02/13/160213103711_beijing_pollution_512x288_reuters_nocredit.jpg" width="512" height="288" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #bdbdbd; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; -webkit-user-select: none; width: 645.781px; display: block; background-color: #111111;" /></h1><div property="articleBody" style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, \’Microsoft YaHei\’, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, \’WenQuanYi Micro Hei\’, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 14.5455px; margin: 0px 53.7642px 0px auto; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><figure style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 32px -54.2188px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; background-color: #111111;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);">Reuters</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">中国北方冬季燃煤取暖季节的雾霾天,PM2.5经常超标数倍</span></figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 28px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">一项最新国际研究项目成果显示,全球每年有550万人因为空气污染而罹患各类疾病死亡;中国和印度则是因空气污染而导致非正常死亡的&#8220;重灾区&#8221;。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">参与研究的科学家指出,大量燃煤、燃烧木柴、已经燃烧各类以石油为基础的燃料,均是导致严重空气污染的主要原因。</p><h2>全球疾病负担项目</h2><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">上述研究结果来自于美国华盛顿州西雅图的一个名为健康指标评估研究所(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)的一项最新全球疾病负担研究项目(Global Burden of Disease Project)。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">研究显示,每年全球因空气污染导致非正常死亡的人数大多集中在正在高速工业化进程中的,特别是像中国和印度这样所谓的新兴经济体国家。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">参与研究项目的学者认为,如果相关国家希望改变这种每年数百万人被空气污染夺取生命的现状,则必须加倍现有的治污防污努力。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">参与研究的美国学者丹&#183;格林鲍姆(Dan Greenbaum)说:&#8220;如果在北京或德里赶上一个空气污染严重的日子,每立方米空气中PM2.5微颗粒的含量往往会超过300微克,也就是相对于正常水准25至35微克的10倍&#8221;。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">吸入这种严重污染的空气,可能造成心脏病、中风、呼吸道疾病,甚至致癌。</p><h2>危险的无形杀手</h2><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">分析人士指出,从东亚的日本、韩国到欧美等已开发国家,各国政府过去几十年来都投入巨资,大力治理包括空气污染在内的环境污染,使得空气质量得到巨大改善;与此同时,以中国和印度为代表的新兴工业化国家则污染程度和因污染而患病死亡的人数仍然在逐年攀升。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">研究结果显示,在中国和印度,每年因空气污染致病死亡的人数要高于营养不良、肥胖、酗酒、吸毒以及不安全性交等其它威胁,是的的确确的一大无形杀手。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">全球疾病负担项目将空气污染排在高血压、饮食结构不良和吸烟之后,列为第四大对人类生命构成的威胁。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">在统计的每年全球550万空气污染所导致死亡数字中,中国占160万,印度130万。最新统计数字收集于2013年。</p><h2>中国空气污染罪魁:燃煤</h2><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">研究特别指出,对于全球各国中空气污染造成死亡人数夺魁的中国来说,燃煤是毋庸置疑的头号污染源。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">研究项目称,每年中国直接由于燃煤导致空气污染而患病死亡的人数约36万。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">研究报告同时指出,尽管中国政府已经开始严格限制未来的燃煤发电、取暖规模,但是由于中国人口结构已经呈现老龄化趋势,也就是说年老体弱的人会相对增多,因此每年因空气污染而死亡的人数不一定会因为上述努力就开始下降。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">参与研究项目的北京清华大学博士生马桥(音)认为,中国政府仍急需推出力度更大的在工业、民用个方面严格限制燃煤的政策。</p><h2>印度空气污染罪魁:燎荒</h2><figure style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6449px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; background-color: #111111;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2016/02/13/160213104016_india_pollution_512x288_ap_nocredit.jpg" datasrc="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/320/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2016/02/13/160213104016_india_pollution_512x288_ap_nocredit.jpg" alt="印度污染" width="512" height="288" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; -webkit-user-select: none; width: 616.207px; transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in; display: block;" /><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);">AP</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">印度空气污染的主要原因是农村地区大量燃烧稻草、木柴和牲畜粪便</span></figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">分析指出,不同于中国的污染源,印度的空气污染导致死亡的最大祸根是农村烧荒、伐木烧柴,以及炊事和取暖时大量燃烧牲畜粪便传统生活方式所造成的。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">也就是说,如果中国的空气污染主要集中在户外,而印度的空气污染主要集中在室内和住家庭院中或周边。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">分析显示,随着印度经济继续高速增长,如果政府没有改革和治理环境的决心,则对供电、供热、供冷的进一步需求增加只会导致空气污染死亡数字持续攀升。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">参与研究的印度专家承认,尽管政府承诺了一系列减排目标,但是印度的工业、民用能源需求正处于激增期,因此在2050年之前很难看到空气污染排放得到控制。</p><h2>治污背后的经济学</h2><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">加拿大西海岸卑诗省大学(University of British Columbia)的研究者布劳尔(Michael Brauer)表示,希望污染死亡数据可以有助于各国政府重新审视现行环保政策。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">他认为对于多数拥有长远眼光的政府来说,这一系列统计数字应该会有助于他们更大力推动空气污染治理和减排努力。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">他说:&#8220;希望(新兴经济体)不会也像已开发国家一样花费50到60年才完成污染治理,希望他们能更快一些。&#8221;</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">&#8220;以美国为例,研究发现每投资1美元治理污染,最终所节省的医药开支在4至30美元之间,&#8221;他还说。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">他希望新兴经济体国家政府从根本民生基本点更加全面的对待治污减排问题。</p></div>


Notice: Undefined offset: 0 in /home/chinai11/public_html/wp-content/plugins/custom-author/custom-author.php on line 91
发布于要闻