中国民营经济发展现状与未来生存策略

<p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK178" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">改革开放三十多年,是民营经济、民营企业从无到有、<wbr>从小到大的三十年,也是发展、整合的三十年,<wbr>很多个体业主成为民营企业家和上市公司老总,<wbr>很多大老板则走向衰落,重归起点,甚至锒铛入狱或是逃亡、<wbr>自杀等。</span></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK181" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK180" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">民营企业的盛衰之勃忽,似乎一直受困于&#8220;<wbr>民企十年周期率&#8221;的魔咒之中不能自拔。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 23.25pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK15" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK14" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK63" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK62" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">民营经济、民营企业怎么了?是内因主导,还是外因所困?<wbr>未来方向何在?</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK17" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK16" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK31" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK30" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;">&nbsp;</a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK182" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK65" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK64" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">一、</span></strong></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK110" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK109" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">民营</span></strong></a><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">经济现状</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">㈠、中国经济格局<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">1、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">国有经济<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK67" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK66" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK184" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK183" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">改革开放以来,国有企业虽屡经改革,但&#8220;<wbr>国有经济是国民经济主体,民营/市场经济是补充&#8221;<wbr>的基本格局从未改变。钢铁系、煤炭系、石油系、电力系、铁路系、<wbr>公路系、航空系、电信系、金融系、烟草系、市政城建系,<wbr>甚至教育、医疗、卫生、盐业、烟叶、出租、地铁等等。</span></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK186" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK185" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">国有企业赖<wbr>于垄断经营的政策之助,<wbr>通过补充市场经济新鲜血液又获取了新的行业优势,<wbr>但在赢利能力和社会责任各方面却鲜有亮点,<wbr>反而是国企高管贪腐落马的消息不绝于耳。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK187" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK69" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK68" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">比如,防治白蚁这种事情,国家可以提供技术支持,但现实中却有&#8220;<wbr>防蚁办&#8221;等政府部门统一管理、操作,决不许民间介入,<wbr>因此出现部门谋私,滋生腐败。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK188" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK70" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK19" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK18" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">、代工经济<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">粤、苏代工经济繁荣发达,是因为赖于&#8220;世界工厂&#8221;地位的外资、<wbr>合资企业众多,但因&#8220;两头在外&#8221;,利润稀薄。创造天量GDP,<wbr>是其最大的合法性和合理性。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK21" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK20" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK190" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK189" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">3</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">、民营经济<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">浙江民营经济是中国民营经济的代表,其活跃程度,<wbr>在全国乃至世界范围也人所共知,<wbr>其初始从事的几乎全是本土民间自发的&#8220;小生意&#8221;。<wbr>这种从小到大的经济积累,基础往往更加踏实,实操经验更加丰富。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK191" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK72" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK71" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">后来的事实也证明,肇始于民间的自然经济,前提是自由,<wbr>其繁荣与社会的自由度成正比。正常情况下,<wbr>自然经济完全可以成长为成熟的市场经济,<wbr>这一点与传统的国有企业和苏、粤模式有所不同。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK23" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK22" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK74" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK73" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK193" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK192" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">㈡、民营经济衰落<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK195" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK194" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">1</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">、国进民退<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK197" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK196" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">在世纪之初的03-04年,正值改革红利积累殷实,<wbr>大国崛起自信满满之际,<wbr>关于改革走向自然产生向左向右的摇摆不定状,爆发了&#8220;国、<wbr>民之争&#8221;下的&#8220;朗顾之争&#8221;,并以顾锒铛入狱、朗出入风光告结。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK198" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK76" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK75" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">因为&#8220;郎顾之争&#8221;,国企改制被叫停,<wbr>国有大型企业改革也明显放缓。<wbr>为推进国有经济的战略布局调整而成立的国资委,转向&#8220;<wbr>做大做强国有企业&#8221;,<wbr>注入到国有企业的政策资源和经济资源持续增加,<wbr>国进民退正式拉开大幕。</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK199" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK78" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK77" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">随后,08-09经济危机初始,在民营企业纷纷倒闭的同时,<wbr>政府凭借四万亿投资强力救市,资金投向仍以国有大型工程为主,<wbr>等于重启新一轮国进民退大潮,重塑国有经济绝对垄断地位。<wbr>其增势经久不衰,至今未绝。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK80" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK79" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">与此同时,</span></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK201" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK200" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">民营企业由于没有足够政策和资源支持,<wbr>只能继续在国有企业和外资企业的夹缝中求生存,<wbr>在经济危机的冲击面前自生自灭,其经营难度可想而知。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK27" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK26" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK90" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK81" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK204" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK203" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK202" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">浙江经济的变异<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">浙江资本曾尝试过投资包括海外采伐、国内矿山、工业制造、<wbr>城市建设、生活用品等实业领域,多数终因无法实现经营性突破,<wbr>最终失败并撤资退出。</span><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK206" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK205" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">在&#8220;投什么赔什么&#8221;的现实打击之后,<wbr>多余的社会游资别无选择,流动性和猎奇性增强,<wbr>频频寻找新的行业和产品;</span><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK92" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK91" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK208" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK207" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">又恰值经济形势和社会形势的多重压力,<wbr>再加之出于对政策和投机安全的担忧,<wbr>必然选择近功近利的经营策略进短线操作,民间&#8220;金融&#8221;<wbr>成为其主要手段。</span><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK210" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK209" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">于是大家一起炒房、炒股、炒煤、炒金、炒菜、<wbr>炒盐等,无奇不有,<wbr>几乎对所有可能触及的经济领域完成了一遍遍的全盘扫荡。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK211" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK94" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK93" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">此过程中来源各异的金融资本重叠交错,互拆互保,你中有我,<wbr>我中有你,慢慢形成了一套不可分割的区域性民间金融体系,最终&#8220;<wbr>发展&#8221;成一座座自娱自乐式的&#8220;金融城&#8221;并不出乎意外,<wbr>且皆在中国经济畸形扭曲的大逻辑之中。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK96" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK95" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK213" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK212" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">从一定层面上来说,浙江民营经济的变异和衰落,<wbr>也标志着中国民营经济发展正处于困境这一事实。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK29" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK28" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK215" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK214" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">㈢、民营经济的贡献<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、我国统计系统非常混乱。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK216" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK98" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK97" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">据此前不完全统计数据,民营企业数量能够占90%,解决就业90<wbr>%,纳税占到90%,</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">创造了60%以上的国内生产总值,提供了7<wbr>0%的技术创新,65%的发明专利和80%以上的新产品。<wbr>民营企业、外资企业的捐赠总额占企业捐赠的90%以上,民营企业<wbr>捐赠总额的一半以上&#8221;。国企则不到其10%。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK217" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK100" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK99" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">这样小小的一组经济数据虽然仅寥寥数语,<wbr>却是多年来中国民营经济成果的凝聚和汇总,<wbr>折射了当下中国经济的现实和民营经济存在的巨大意义,<wbr>内涵非常丰富,值得细细品味。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK102" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK101" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK219" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK218" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">题外:我在不同场所拿出这一组简单的数据之后,<wbr>不至一次让在场的人们感到吃惊:一是国企单位的人,<wbr>从心理上和利益考量上拒不接受这样一种结果,<wbr>所以从吃惊转而排斥或诋毁;</span></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK221" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK220" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">二是一些民营企业的老总们也感到吃惊<wbr>,他们想不到如苍海一栗般的自己和企业,<wbr>多年来一直从事着一项如此宏大且如此伟大的事业,<wbr>所以从吃惊转而自豪。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK222" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK104" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK103" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">这是两种不同的结果,<wbr>从中可以看出两种不同的市场思维和利益对立。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK106" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK105" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK224" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK223" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">3、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">民营经济相关政策<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK226" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK225" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2004</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">年3月14日,<wbr>第十届全国人民代表大会第二次会议通过宪法修正案,<wbr>修改后的宪法第十三条明确规定:&#8220;<wbr>公民的合法的私有财产不受侵犯。&#8221;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK228" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK227" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2005</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">月,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">国务院正式出台了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">《<wbr>鼓励支持和引导个体私营等非公有制经济发展的若干意见》</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,即&#8220;<wbr>非公经济三十六条&#8221;,鼓励打破垄断行业壁垒,<wbr>支持非公有制经济发展。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK230" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK229" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2010</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">年5月,国务院发布&#8220;新非公36条&#8221;,<wbr>鼓励和引导民间资本进入法律法规未明确禁止准入的行业和领域。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK108" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK107" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK232" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK231" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2012</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">年9月,国务院发布&#8220;关于第六批取消和调整行政审批项目<wbr>的决定&#8221;,进一步扫除民间资本进入铁路、市政、<wbr>金融等领域的障碍。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK234" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK233" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2013</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">年底,中共十八届三中全会通过《<wbr>关于全面深化改革若干重要问题的决定》,《决定》称&#8220;<wbr>要使市场在资源配置中起决定作用&#8221;。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK33" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK32" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK236" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK235" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">其实自改革开放以来,民营经济政策出台不少,但形成法律的不多,<wbr>落到实处的更少。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK112" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK111" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK238" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK237" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">二、民营企业十大风险和应对策略</span></strong></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK35" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK34" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">1</span></strong></a><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、政策风险</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK240" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK239" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">政策属于宪法、法律之下的下位法,有央地之分,</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">大小之别,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">还有前<wbr>后时间效力之差。对政府而言,一般认为&#8220;法无授权不可为&#8221;,<wbr>因法治观念淡薄,政策往往突破了法律的逻辑体系,自成一体,<wbr>甚至强于法律。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK242" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK241" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">众人熟知的最强大的政策,就是&#8220;改革开放&#8221;,所以才有&#8220;<wbr>谁不改革谁下台&#8221;的说法。具体怎样改,政策和领导决策说了算。<wbr>此时,法律起到的是配套作用。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK114" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK113" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK244" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK243" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">A、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">挂靠企业<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK246" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK245" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">80</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">年代,政府机关办实体,允许民间能人挂靠合作,<wbr>于是许多名公实私的合作制企业纷纷涌现,并有做大做强者。</span><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK248" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK247" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">后来政<wbr>策调整,政企分开,此类企业有些因为产权不清出现纠纷。</span><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK250" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK249" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">在解决过<wbr>程中,<wbr>司法部门不考虑民营企业家曾经给机关单位做出的利润贡献和在税收<wbr>、就业、经济发展等方面的社会意义,<wbr>用单一的现行法律眼光和手段去处理政策性历史遗留问题,<wbr>且倾向于考虑公共部门利益,淡化民间自然人合作者的合法利益。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK251" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK116" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK115" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">笔者参与、<wbr>近期刚刚发生的北京市民侯瑞昌诉北京市民政局侵吞财产案,<wbr>总标的高达1.8亿元,就是这方面的典型(新闻网上可查)。</span></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK118" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK117" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK253" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK252" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">侯瑞<wbr>昌说过:&#8220;一代巨贾柳传志只一句&#8216;还是在商言商吧&#8217;,<wbr>就丢掉了民营业界精神领袖的桂冠,让冯仑、任志强、<wbr>马云等后来居上。其实柳总的苦衷我知道,<wbr>更理解他为什么要把联想总部迁到美国,这都是94—96年全<wbr>国&#8216;杀肥猪风&#8217;的后遗症作祟啊。&#8221;<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">另一个同类案件发生在河南新乡,一名70多岁的民间自然人合作者<wbr>,其历史贡献和作用被一笔勾消,<wbr>正在面临侵吞国家资产的刑事起诉和近20年的刑期。<wbr>这明显是要致人于牢狱死地的节秦。值得一提的是,<wbr>此人的儿子还是当地政法委系统的干部,也无济于事。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK255" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK254" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">—</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">如何妥善处理政策后遗症?<wbr>用现行法律衡量过时政策是否妥当?历史还在延续,<wbr>此类风险仍然存在,仍然值得民营企业家们关注并努力规避。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK4" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK3" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK120" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK119" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK257" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK256" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">B、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">政策调整<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK259" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK258" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">更短周期的政策变化引起经营风险的案例很多,<wbr>著名的赵发琦诉陕西省西勘院一案,<wbr>就发生于前些年政府鼓励民资办煤矿的政策背景之下。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK122" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK121" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK261" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK260" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">就在保护私产入宪的2003年,</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">赵发琦的榆林市凯奇莱公司与陕西<wbr>省西勘院签订《合作勘查合同书》,联合进行详查及精查面积共计2<wbr>79.24平方公里的波罗&#8212;&#8212;红石桥勘查区煤炭资源。</span><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK263" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK262" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2004</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">年<wbr>年底,初步数据显示矿权区域内储藏着优质动力煤近20亿吨。</span><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK124" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK123" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">就在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;"><wbr>赵发琦正要信心满满准备融资大干一场的时候,<wbr>各种势力不失时机地介入其中,<wbr>形成了商商相争加官商勾结的复杂局面,<wbr>加之后来中央和地方政策不断调整变化,他的矿权资格渐渐失去。</span><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK265" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK264" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">赵<wbr>为此与陕西省西勘院展开了长达十几年的矿权诉讼,至今未果。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK266" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK126" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK125" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">与此类似的情景是,温州资本投入的山西煤矿全部被关停并转,<wbr>收归国有,而且多数几乎没有补偿。<wbr>温州财团后来组团通过各种渠道试图维权,未果。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK267" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK128" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK127" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">也是在2003年,</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">陕北地方政府采取&#8220;先收井,后清算&#8221;的办法,<wbr>突然强行将原由民营资本经营的陕北几千口油井资产&#8220;收归国有&#8221;,<wbr>而当初这些民营资本是被地方政府以&#8220;招商引资&#8221;的名义请来的。<wbr>这种政府失信行为,在全国范围内多年来频频发生,属于典型的&#8220;<wbr>关门打狗&#8221;。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK268" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK130" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK129" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">就在&#8220;公民的合法的私有财产不受侵犯&#8221;写入宪法的仅仅一个月后,<wbr>被称为&#8220;钢铁大王&#8221;的江苏企业家戴国芳被警方带走,<wbr>让高兴一时的企业家们再次感到困惑不安。<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK269" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK132" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK131" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">这些出人意料的政策变化和变异,既与中央政策和地方政策</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">波动</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">有关<wbr>,也与地方</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">领导意志</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">不可分割,同时,更与政商关系好坏难脱干系。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK134" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK133" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK271" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK270" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">C</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、举三个依次结果不同轻重的例子:<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK273" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK272" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">一是湖南的曾成杰案。他是非常著名的企业家,<wbr>当时承担了很多地方工程,因为从银行贷款不成,就发动职工集资。<wbr>当地政府也默认,结果集资达三十多个亿。</span></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK274" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK136" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK135" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">后来由于资金链断裂,<wbr>司法机关就按照集资诈骗罪判处死刑。后来理论界、实业界、<wbr>律师界尽管都有呼吁,但是声音太小,曾成杰在2013年被注射执<wbr>行死刑,终成铁案。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK37" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK36" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK275" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK138" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK137" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">二是浙江东阳</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">本色集团</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">的&#8220;吴英集资案诈骗案&#8221;,<wbr>司法介入一直存在巨大争议。可喜的是,因为当地地域经济发达,<wbr>社会工商力量已显壮大,中产阶级权利意识已经觉醒,<wbr>加之社会正义力量的不懈关注,至少到目前为止,<wbr>暂时还是保住了性命,没有成为另一个&#8220;浙江的曾成杰&#8221;。</span><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK140" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK139" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK277" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK276" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">至于后来<wbr>因&#8220;打老虎&#8221;<wbr>而爆光的地方行政官员对吴英案进行干预和定性的事实,<wbr>在官员落马后,案情能否因此改变走向,<wbr>如果考虑到其中种种利害关系仍然错综复杂,故还不得而知。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"> </span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK279" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK278" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK142" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK141" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">三是河北孙大午集资案。2000年前后,大午农牧集团已经拥有1<wbr>6个工厂,职工1600多人,最辉煌时年产值过亿。2003年,</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><wbr>徐水县法院以非法<em><span style="color: windowtext;">集资</span></em>罪判刑三年,缓刑四年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">从1996年到2<wbr>003年长达8年的融资活动中,<wbr>储户和大午集团从没有发生过信用纠纷,甚至在孙大午案发后,<wbr>也没有出现储户大规模挤兑的现象。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK144" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK143" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK281" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK280" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">知名经济学家茅于轼、<wbr>著名社会问题学教授胡星斗和著名律师张星水等社会力量纷纷为孙大<wbr>午鸣冤叫屈,四处奔走,海内外媒体均大幅报道,<wbr>在全国范围内掀起了一场关于民企融资困境的大讨论,<wbr>使孙大午成为&#8220;越狱&#8221;幸存者(还没看到其他同样案例),<wbr>并能再现辉煌。</span></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK39" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK38" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">上面这一段讲了三个案例,结果从重到轻,从死到生到再成功,<wbr>是一条很有意思的曲线,可以说明很多问题:<wbr>比如地方社会环境的开放程度,地域经济的发达程度,民企/中产阶<wbr>级的成熟程度,社会力量的觉醒和介入程度,等等,<wbr>共同决定了案情的走向。<a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK283" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK282" style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;">这就是所谓&#8220;合力&#8221;的概念,<wbr>在一定环境和介段中,缺一不可。<u></u><u></u></a></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK284" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK146" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK145" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext; background: yellow;">对策:对民企而言,虽然说&#8220;法无禁止即可为&#8221;,但并非绝对如此,<wbr>因为还有更具权威的政策,且政策还有动态的变化和变异。所以,<wbr>行事之前一定要同时符合国家法律和地方政策。更重要的是,<wbr>不要违反地方政策内在的实质性意图和价值取向。所以,<wbr>掌握和应用好政策的左右纬度,并保证同时不违反法律的上下经度,<wbr>取二者中间重叠的共性部份为我所用,即非常重要。</span></strong></a><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK148" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK147" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK286" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK285" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2</span></strong></a><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">、</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">政商风险<u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK288" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK287" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">A</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、风险转化<strong><u></u><u></u></strong></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK290" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK289" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">由于法律执行力问题,出现法外行政,长官意志强大,<wbr>有时可替代法律、政策和规定,成为不折不扣的&#8220;土政策&#8221;和&#8220;<wbr>私政策&#8221;。因为地方政策、长官喜好等各种原因,<wbr>政商关系非常微妙,很难处理:</span></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK292" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK291" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">一旦在官员眼中成为红人,<wbr>则事业一顺百顺,如日中天,甚至左右地方决策;</span><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK150" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK149" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">但有时一言、<wbr>一事不慎</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,或政策出现变异,即可能转化为政商风险</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">,<wbr>许多正常的企业可能沦为打击对象,从此祸不单行,甚至功败垂成</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK293" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK152" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK151" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">众所周知的&#8220;重庆打黑&#8221;,前后几年打了很多有名的所谓&#8220;黑老大&#8221;<wbr>。实际情况并非如此,有很多老板是在正当经营,只不过,&#8220;<wbr>一朝天子一朝臣&#8221;,有不少人是前任领导的朋友,<wbr>属于业已过时且无法持续的政商关系。<strong><u></u><u></u></strong></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK294" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK154" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK153" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">河北省石家庄曾有一个加拿大籍民营企业家,<wbr>拿了真金白银进行棚户区改造,后来因为换了市长,项目易人,<wbr>贷款停掉,告官无门,被逼得精神失常。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK295" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK155" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">还有有一位非常著名的民营企业家,出差刚下飞机就被带走,<wbr>而且是&#8220;和公权力对抗&#8221;这种莫须有的理由。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK296" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK157" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK156" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">大的企业会有几千人在吃饭,牵一发而动全身。在正常法治环境下,<wbr>假如真的犯罪,一是应该采取理性、合法的程序,<wbr>在私人与企业之间进行切割,二是一定要保证企业正常运转。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK297" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK159" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK158" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">不难明白,很多时候看似政策风险,实际上是政商风险。<wbr>曾成杰案的政商关系稍重</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">,故政商风险也同步增大</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。以政策掩政商,<wbr>容易成为对民营企业家入刑的<strong>&#8220;口袋罪&#8221;</strong></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK161" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK160" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK299" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK298" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">B</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、政商关系<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK301" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK300" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">据经济学家估算,2005年中国的灰色收入规模即达到4.8万亿<wbr>元,这意味着腐败的金额高达中国GDP总额的30%。<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK303" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK302" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">企业要避免风险,就要和领导搞好关系。搞好政商关系,我们称为&#8220;<wbr>公共关系&#8221;,是大多数民营企业家的必修课。</span></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK305" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK304" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">但领导并非一个,<wbr>而是山头林立,性格各异,如果过度依赖政商关系,<wbr>进得去却出不来,并深陷其中,极有可能瞻前疏后,顾此失彼,<wbr>于是亲者近,疏者恨,就要找你的麻烦。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK163" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK162" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK307" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK306" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">黑龙江双鸭山市一起房地产股权纠纷案,<wbr>是当地政府启动蓬户区改造工程中的&#8220;招商引资&#8221;项目,<wbr>因为一市领导与股东之一政商关系密切,导致另一股东股权受损,<wbr>屡诉无果。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK309" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK308" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">吉林市一家民企房产公司老总因与主管政法的政府官员在业务上产生<wbr>过节,工程开发被停工,被以涉黑之名异地刑拘,<wbr>公司财产和个人财产被没收,受尽欺凌,屡报无果,家属、律师、<wbr>专家学者也因此被噤声。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK311" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK310" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">武汉的东星航空</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">总裁兰世立与武汉市常务副市长袁善腊</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">二人产生冲突<wbr>,兰实名</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">举报</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">,结果是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">于2010年4月被武汉中院以逃避追缴欠税<wbr>罪一审判处有期徒刑四年。</span><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK313" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK312" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2005</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">年创办的东星航空,于2009<wbr>年3月被民航中南地区管理局停飞,2009年8月武汉中院裁定破<wbr>产清算,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">当时为数不多的民营航空在恶化的政商关系面前轰然倒闭,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><wbr>超百亿资产化为乌有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK314" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK165" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK164" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">东星航空在已往的政商关系中有过哪些合作细节,外人不得而知,<wbr>但从兰的举报信中可见部份内情,<wbr>并不排除利用公共资源共谋私利的行为。2013年出狱后,<wbr>兰世立最大的感慨就是:老板再大,一个处长都能把你搞死!</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK315" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK167" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK166" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">所以如此,是因为中国法治环境不健全,政商权责不对等,<wbr>结果各异。比如从银行贷款,肯定需要公关费,不行贿不行,<wbr>行贿就是犯法。行贿者从重处罚,而受贿者从轻。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK169" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK168" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK317" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK316" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext; background: yellow;">对策:在商言商和讲政治并不矛盾,<wbr>一个好的企业家一定要学习李嘉诚那样观大局、看风向、明动态,<wbr>既要埋头拉车,也要抬头看路。<u></u><u></u></span></strong></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK319" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK318" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext; background: yellow;">为此,第一要坚守宪法和法律,坚守人格和道德原则;第二要厘清、<wbr>分割政与商的区隔,该政则政,该商则商;第三要建立若即若离、<wbr>可进可退的政商关系;第三要建立长远可持续的政商关系,<wbr>避免急功近利,因小失大;第四辟免死赌一事、一人、一届;<wbr>第五合理、高效地利用公共资源。如果后果无法掌控,<wbr>哪怕有损失也要及时放弃。</span></strong></a><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK321" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK320" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">3</span></strong></a><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、融资风险</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK323" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK322" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">A</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">、法律滞后<strong><u></u><u></u></strong></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">一般来说,金融业是经济繁荣发展催生的高端产业。<wbr>自由市场经济环境下,当社会工商业资本已显充裕,<wbr>除满足实业本体需求之外,资本必然会寻求抱团效应和规模效应,<wbr>寻找多元化投资渠道,因此催生金融业的出现、成熟和发展。</span><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK325" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK324" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">如,<wbr>中国古代经济虽不发达,<wbr>但自然经济环境下也能够诞生一定规模的城市工商业,<wbr>出现各种钱庄和票号,以及更先进的票据结算形式;</span><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK327" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK326" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">欧洲更是在发达<wbr>的工商业基础上,进一步衍生出包括金融业在内的其它诸多产业,<wbr>无需多言。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK329" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK328" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">金融业以纸币、以数字、甚至以网络符号替代实物,<wbr>交易各方互不会面,是十足的诚信产业和信用经济,<wbr>所以既需要高度完整的社会诚信链条,<wbr>也需要顶层设计的支持和保护。</span></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK331" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK330" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">如果政府不能提供优惠政策,<wbr>减少干预也是一个无所作为的次选项。<wbr>但中国制度建设不仅落后于经济发展需要,<wbr>而且还存在一些明显落武的政策,仍在阻碍金融业的出现和发展。<wbr>对投资方而言,这些社会资金的使用既无效率,<wbr>也无安全性和可靠性,让新生事物举步维艰。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK333" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK332" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">对融资方而言,</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">由于没有法律保护,民企融资渠道狭窄,<wbr>民企不得不将目光转向民间集资、融资,但又面临入罪风险</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,<wbr>企业经营发展无异于雪上加霜—</span><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK335" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK334" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">由政策风险导致政商风险(<wbr>或称谓互换但本质不变),再导致金融风险,终构成犯罪,<wbr>这几乎是一条普遍逻辑,多见于关系恶化之后的政商之争。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK337" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK336" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">&#8220;中国金融体系的长期垄断导致金融通道僵化,货币传导机制失灵,<wbr>更具体地说,信贷资源长期倾向于央企、国企和地方政府,<wbr>形成刚性的利益结构,成为信贷市场中的强势部门。<wbr>而民营企业和中小企业&#8230;&#8230;获得的信贷资源和他们对经济体的重要性<wbr>远不相称,他们只获得了45%左右的信贷资源,<wbr>很难获得中长期的融资支持,成为市场中的弱势部门&#8221;(温克坚)。<wbr>曾成杰案、孙大午案和吴英案,<wbr>实际上反映了民营企业的融资困境和民间金融的无奈。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK339" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK338" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">C、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">上市融资<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK341" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK340" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">上市搞资本运作,有的民企没有上成,自己却先&#8220;进去&#8221;了。<wbr>有的本来资产很多,最后倾家荡产,家败人亡。<wbr>国美的黄光裕是个特例,多少也算是法治环境改善的一个标志。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK343" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK342" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">山东菏泽有个橡胶企业是业内老大,想上市引进战略资本,<wbr>于是引进风投,但上当受骗,股份白白送人。失去控股权,<wbr>被赶出来。</span></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK345" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK344" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">告状过程中,有钱就是力量,被抓进去,找原罪,说&#8220;<wbr>你曾经给朋友担保贷款,曾经挪用资金。&#8221;关了很长时间,<wbr>因为罪名不成立,放了出来。上市愿望化为泡影,本人也一蹶不振。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK347" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK346" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">另外一个案例是湖南株洲的&#8220;太子奶&#8221;李途纯。太子奶引进风投,<wbr>在资本运作过程中出现问题,锒铛入狱。法院最后判决无罪,<wbr>但回来后物是人非:公司没有,团队没有,资金没有,四大俱空。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK349" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK348" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">总结为一句话:不是上市融资不好,而是如何上市、如何融资、<wbr>如何有效利用社会资金的问题。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK351" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK350" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">C</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、联保风险<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK353" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK352" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">不景气的行业、脆弱的互保链,&#8220;一根麻绳拴住一串富豪!&#8221;</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">民间金<wbr>融必竟势单力孤,联保成为主要表现形式。<wbr>简单的有链状的线性联保,复杂的还有网格状的交叉联保。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK355" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK354" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">企业为了获得贷款支持,找N个企业担保,<wbr>形成一个纵向无限拉长的生死与共的资金担保链条,<wbr>但因为缺少横向的资本积累,如果遇到风险和意外,抗压能力不强,<wbr>只要一个企业倒掉,就会出现多米诺骨牌效应,<wbr>其他企业也连锁式倒掉,发生系统性崩盘。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK357" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK356" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">这种现象在浙江、山东、内蒙古、陕北大量存在,风险越来越多,<wbr>面越来越大。</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK359" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK358" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">山东滨州邹平是排第17位的全国百强县,有两家上市公司,<wbr>在西王还有最大的纺织企业,就是因为有大量的企业联保而倒闭。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK361" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK360" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">截止2014年4月初,2013年&#8220;胡润百富榜&#8221;上的22位山西<wbr>富豪(公司总部设在山西的企业家富豪)中,已有7位或遭遇资金危<wbr>机,或被互保链牵连,或事涉涉腐官员,甚至被调查。</span></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK363" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK362" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">而在2008<wbr>年&#8220;胡润能源富豪榜&#8221;上的11位山西富豪中,<wbr>出现上述情况的或已达到5人,其中就有2009年涉偷税案的山西<wbr>金业煤焦集团董事长张新明。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK41" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK40" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK365" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK364" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">D</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">合法性与合理性</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK367" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK366" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">就在孙大午案发的2003年年末,中共十六届三中全会通过了《<wbr>中共中央关于完善社会主义市场经济体制若干问题的决定》,<wbr>其中专门强调&#8220;扩大直接融资,建立多层次的资本市场体系,<wbr>完善资本市场结构,丰富资本市场产品,规范和发展主板市场,<wbr>推进风险投资和创业板市场建设&#8221;</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK369" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK368" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2004</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">年1月21日,河北出台了《河北省一号文件》,其中关于<wbr>&#8220;赦免民营企业家&#8216;原罪&#8217;问题&#8221;的内容,曾一石激起千层浪。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK371" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK370" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2004</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">年的《中央一号文件》中,<wbr>明确规定了改革和创新县乡级金融体制,<wbr>鼓励发展农村中小企业信贷。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK373" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK372" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2005</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">年2月,万众瞩目的《非公三十六条》正式出台,<wbr>其中再一次针对解决民营企业融资难题抹下重笔。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK375" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK374" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">虽然有了这些政策支持,但无一例外地都属于</span></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK377" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK376" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">指导性意见</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,<wbr>对应的法律条款缺失,权利保障明显不足,操作细节难以落实,<wbr>还面临着具有一定政策解释权的国有垄断金融机构的同业打压,<wbr>不论是曾成杰、英吴还是孙大午,多年来的</span><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK379" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK378" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">民间金融之议,<wbr>无非是金融经济市场化的合法性与合理性之争</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">从结果来看,<wbr>并不令人乐观。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK381" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK380" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext; background: yellow;">对策:一是打好基础,做好本业,用自己积累的资本最安全,<wbr>花得也用心到位;二是搞好政商关系和银企关系,<wbr>尽可能多地利用银行贷款或政策性贷款;三是如需上市,<wbr>也要谨慎思考,规范操作,合理运营,莫将社会资金当流水,<wbr>莫将股民当贱民,要将钱投于有经济效益和社会效益的地方;<wbr>四是尽可能少地利用民间融资手段。</span></strong></a><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK383" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK382" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">4</span></strong></a><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、扩张风险</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK385" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK384" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">有些民营企业在某一方面发展稍有起色,即行跨行业经营,美喻为&#8220;<wbr>多元化&#8221;和&#8220;风险化解&#8221;,但如何多元却是一个辨证的问题。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK387" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK386" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">比如北京像联想,除了高科技以外,现在也收购酒厂—能不能搞<wbr>茅台、搞五粮液,从专业上说,值得怀疑。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK389" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK388" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">原爱多VCD创始人、爱多企业集团董事长、总裁,一代标王</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">胡志标<wbr>不顾培养产品品质和企业潜质,仅凭广告拉升业务,<wbr>得一时之势后又盲目自信,急速扩张,导致企业、<wbr>产品与市场的撕裂,加剧了企业的快死。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK391" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK390" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">类似的有秦池宴酒,也是来得快、去得快。</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">还有青岛海尔,搞手机投放了很多钱,红火一时,<wbr>最后以失败退出市场。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK393" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK392" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">TCL</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">跨国收购</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">汤姆逊和阿尔卡特,</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">但认错了发展方向,</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">之后十年几<wbr>乎沉寂江湖</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">。时过境迁,TCL现在正在对</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">知名度很高但沉寂太久的<wbr>品牌Palm</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">重启新一轮跨国收购,后果未知。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK395" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK394" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">吉利汽车的李书福也玩跨国并购,<wbr>但背后强大的社会背景和沉重的债务负担令人生畏,自非常人可为,<wbr>风险也非常人可控。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK397" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK396" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">网易的丁磊和另一家国企—上海宝钢也改行从事养猪业,<wbr>虽然说是小试牛刀,但&#8220;既在水边走,就有望海心&#8221;,<wbr>至于能否成为企业未来转型的主要业务之一,尚不乐观。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK399" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK398" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">更典型的是像格力空调这样在全国名列前茅的家电企业,<wbr>可能认为行业竞争过于激烈,<wbr>于是选择跨行进入当时正火的房地产领域。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK401" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK400" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">提及房地产业对扩张资本的吸引力,<wbr>在新世纪之后的近十年时间中真是让人眼花缭乱,但凡有些资本、<wbr>有些资源的企业,特别是一些上市公司,当社会资本源源而入之时,<wbr>并未用于固守本业,扩大再生产,却几乎是一网打尽一般,<wbr>都在从房地产业中淘金。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK403" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK402" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">可悲的是,人们只相信&#8220;新闻联播&#8221;式的完美想像,<wbr>却对现实中的社会经济大势缺乏清醒认识,<wbr>当李嘉诚们已经开始抛盘转移投资方向之际,仍有无数人乐此不疲,<wbr>继续深入。</span></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK405" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK404" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">当经济衰退周期到来,<wbr>因资金链断裂而跳楼自杀和跑路的开发商,数不胜数。我们</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">唯有祝福<wbr>这种不放弃的企业家精神,<wbr>但这种经营思路并不值得每一家企业去学习、复制</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">,<wbr>因为搞多元化成功的并不多</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK407" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK406" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">相对正面的例子是国美电器和苏宁电器这两家家电老大,<wbr>虽然后来国美也在从事房地产,但他们是依靠原始门店复制,<wbr>积少成多,成为家电巨头,这个过程很平稳。以此为基础,<wbr>然后再行多元和扩张,并且行业权重配置得当,才能水到渠成。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK409" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK408" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">总之,不是多元化扩张经营不好,而是如何多元化,如何扩张的&#8220;<wbr>度&#8221;的问题。如何把控多元化过程中和之后的局面,保证不失控,<wbr>不盲目,才是核心。<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK411" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK410" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; background: yellow;">对策:老干妈的</span></strong></a><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; background: yellow;">陶华碧</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext; background: yellow;">多年来坚持</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; background: yellow;">不偷税、不贷款、不欠钱、<wbr>不上市的&#8220;四不&#8221;策略,仅凭一瓶瓶不同特色的辣椒油,也能&#8220;吃&#8221;<wbr>遍全天下,远销海内外。制胜之道,其产品</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext; background: yellow;">在于&#8220;独特&#8221;二字,<wbr>理念在于稳中求胜,人品在于正直守法。&#8220;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; background: yellow;">有多大本事,<wbr>就做多大事&#8221;,</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext; background: yellow;">这个例子,值得商场中的性情疯狂者们认真借鉴。</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">5、<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: \’Times New Roman\’;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">地位困境<u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">A、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">法律困境<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">虽然保护私产已入宪法,但宪法在实际运行中往往被下位的法律、<wbr>政策、规定等虚置为&#8220;名义法&#8221;和&#8220;道义法&#8221;,<wbr>所以当私产与公共利益、如公共工程相遇时,<wbr>民企地位和权利往往处于下风,往往面临被国有、被强征等下场,<wbr>并维权无路,只有自吞苦果。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">一家民营酒店,因当地修建高速公路影响营业并进而影响还贷能力,<wbr>与当地银行发生贷款纠纷。该案虽然有省高院的裁定,<wbr>并在银行同意的前提下已经过几番审理和拍卖程序,<wbr>但银行反悔拒不接受现有结果。<wbr>地方银行后以国有企业身份上诉至最高院,几乎不出意外地,<wbr>最高院推倒地方原有判决,反过来支持了地方银行的诉求请求:<wbr>收取诉讼过程中的双倍贷款罚息,或是按照银行意愿,<wbr>将酒店资产进行分割。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">同时,地方银行还利用拖而不决的利滚利战术,<wbr>正在慢慢侵吞酒店的既有资产。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">至2015年3月,<wbr>案件已拖延近七年,迟延履行金高达人民币5000多万元。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">国企与<wbr>民企之争的后果如何,可想而知。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">B</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、市场困境<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">据统计,2005年中国的民营经济占国民生产总值的比重已经达到<wbr>49.7%,在不少地方民营经济税收占地方财政收入的比重超过6<wbr>0%,民营经济吸纳的劳动力占城镇就业的75%以上。<wbr>这是改革前无论如何也不能想象的。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">从&#8220;民营经济是公有制经济的补充&#8221;到&#8220;市场经济的重要组成部份&#8221;<wbr>,虽然在表达上有所改观,但实践证明,<wbr>实际操作中民营经济只能是国有经济缺陷的补充,<wbr>起到的是拾遗捡漏的作用,而不是国民经济的主体。因此之故,<wbr>不论我们如何强调民企的重要性,但国家大政方针定下的调子,<wbr>决定了民营经济的市场地位在国有经济面前总是要低人一等这一无法<wbr>改变的事实。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">前述列举的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">钢铁系、煤炭系、石油系、电力系、铁路系、公路系、<wbr>航空系、电信系、金融系、烟草系、市政城建系,甚至教育、医疗、<wbr>卫生、盐业、烟叶、出租、地铁等等,<wbr>这些民营企业实际上可以做得更好的产业,<wbr>却被国有企业牢牢地垄断着,民营经济只能在&#8220;共和国长子&#8221;<wbr>们没兴趣、失败的或是遗忘了的角落中寻求发展机会。<wbr>这正是民营经济多年来多从事民用、轻工和商贸行业的原因。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">B、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">社会认同<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">顾雏军曾是一个拥有专利技术的制冷工程师,在海外挣得了&#8220;<wbr>第一桶金&#8221;后,携带1.7亿美元的资产回到国内市场。<wbr>他在广东省顺德市政府的极力邀请下收购了负债累累的科龙公司,<wbr>而后又收购了其他国有企业。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2004</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">年8月,<wbr>香港经济学教授郎咸点名指责格林柯尔董事局主席顾雏军在收购科龙<wbr>、美菱等4家公司中使用了欺骗手段,席卷国有资产,<wbr>顾雏军强硬回应,由此引发了&#8220;郎顾之争&#8221;。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2005</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">年7月29日,顾雏军被拘留,<wbr>佛山市政府强制接管科龙电器。<wbr>顾雏军在被拘押一年多以后被法院判处10年徒刑,<wbr>个人财产也全部被冻结划走。&#8220;郎顾之争&#8221;以顾雏军锒铛入狱告终。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2012</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">年,经历7年牢狱之灾的顾雏军出狱。<wbr>之后他马不停蹄地开始了自己的维权历程,<wbr>但至今并未达到预期目标。这又是一出地方政府上演的&#8220;关门打狗&#8221;<wbr>大戏。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">在这场喧嚣压倒理性的大争论中,<wbr>郎咸平占据着特有环境下政治伦理和经济伦理上的天然优势,<wbr>并博得了在改革中不少利益受损国民的喝彩和支持,<wbr>从此俨然成为保护国有资产的英雄。<wbr>顾雏军则被视为一个依靠盗窃国有资产而暴富的企业家的代表,<wbr>连为顾雏军辩护的人士,也受到尖锐攻击,<wbr>甚至官员也被体制内质疑&#8220;为谁说话&#8221;。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">顾案说明,企业家不但没能得到普通国民的价值认同,<wbr>即使法律实践过程中、在各级政府部门和执法官员的眼中,<wbr>也仍然没有得到应有的尊重。在许多人的思想深处,仍然受到&#8220;<wbr>资本自从来到世间,从头到脚都带着血和肮脏的东西&#8221;学说的影响,<wbr>对那些不论何种原因被戴上手铐入狱,或是跳楼自杀的企业家,<wbr>人们表现出一种莫名的快感。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext; background: yellow;">对策:一是在无法改变既有法律格局和市场格局的前提下,<wbr>一定要学会利用现有法律保护、争取自身利益的最大化;<wbr>二是是混合经济理念的实践。通过股市购买国有公司股票,<wbr>达到一定持股比例,获得一定话语权和决策权;<wbr>三是在现有空白领域将民营经济的活力和创新能力发扬光大;<wbr>四是积极争取进入人大、政协等公共机构,<wbr>力争在法律和政策上掌握发言权。</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 24pt;">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">6</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、经营困境</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">A</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、管理困境<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">有些民营企业在行政管理、市场交易、对外投资、安全生产、<wbr>环境保护、知识产权、劳资关系、税收等各方面管理非常粗糙,<wbr>面临很大风险,而且出现任何问题的后果都很严重,<wbr>都可能成为致企业于死地的&#8220;口袋罪&#8221;。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">人们经常谈论劳动合同问题,在这方面职工几乎一告一个准儿,<wbr>被社人保部门罚款几乎是家常便饭。一位朋友有一家小微企业,<wbr>因为与一名辞职员工协商未果,被告之后,罚款竟高达十万元。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">另外,如果安全生产搞不好,死人若干,<wbr>辛苦打下来的江山就有可能倾家荡产。</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">还有商标管理问题,一直十分火热的王老吉与加多宝案,<wbr>及山东张裕葡萄酒案,茅台集团商标案,<wbr>公司虽然花费了大量的人力、财力、物力,<wbr>却都有可能导致公司破产。</span><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK43" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK42" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">B</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、经理人困境</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">有些民企聘用职业经理人来管理企业,但因为多种原因,<wbr>老板与职业经理人有时难免出现貌合神离的两层皮现象。<wbr>发生矛盾时,职业经理人拍拍屁股可以走人,但老板别无选择,<wbr>却还得捡起烂摊子继续干下去。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">家电企业创维,从一个举步维艰、<wbr>命运多舛的民营企业发展到今天的现代企业制度相对比较健全的、<wbr>发展比较良性的股份制企业,几乎成为现代职业经理人的黄埔军校。<wbr>但因为</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">老板黄宏生和职业经理人陆强华之间在经营管理战略上发生了<wbr>根本性分歧,裂痕无法修复,导致陆强华另投高路华旗下,<wbr>给黄老板和企业留下很大的发展阴影,<wbr>不得不启动企业自己的人才再造工程。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">老板与经理人之间(包括与员工)的矛盾和争执,<wbr>是民企当中最常见的矛盾,表面上主要体现在经营管理思路(<wbr>或执行力认定)的个人之争,<wbr>老板多数会埋怨员工没有按照自己的意思去尽力执行,<wbr>而员工则埋怨老板太任性,并且经常交待不明,<wbr>且对结果提出份外的要求,让员工无所适从,等等。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">老板意愿与管理层、员工之间的思维频道错位现象,<wbr>实际主要是因为企业的沟通机制、也就是制度、<wbr>程序和规则建设不科学、不完善,纵向不能为老板、经理人、<wbr>各管理层提供有效的意见交流汇总渠道,<wbr>横向不能为同一团队提供交流平台,<wbr>导致企业管理无形中回到纵向的金字塔式管理结构,<wbr>最后只能老板一人说了算的人治困境当中。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">在国内很多管理类书籍中,一旦提到日本企业的管理模式,<wbr>往往以日本松下公司的松下幸之助为商业成功模式和励志的圭臬,<wbr>对松下本人的能力极尽总结与赞美之辞,甚至后来树为企业家的&#8220;<wbr>全能神&#8221;,而忽视了可能存在的团队管理和制度管理。<wbr>其实日本企业多是以与国家制度类似的现代企业制度管理为基础的,<wbr>个人能力和魅力在其中所起到的作用,<wbr>远远没有制度的作用具有可复制性和可持续性。如果如资料显示,<wbr>松下公司在松下去世后业绩下滑,<wbr>也不得不承认其在制度创新上的短板,在&#8220;全能神&#8221;生命终结之后,<wbr>企业生命也即随之弱化。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">关于日本松下的事实和现状,不是我们关注的重点,<wbr>我们只是借来说明一个道理。回到中国民企管理上来。<wbr>中国民企很少有严格地按照正式议事规则召开工作会议的情况,<wbr>而且主题不明确,程序不科学,公事众议不存在,没有会议记录,<wbr>没有具体的行为计划,更没有签字划压落实到人。最后的结果,<wbr>就是不了了之。于是出现相互埋怨的情况,天长日久,<wbr>企业内部就积累了不可分解的矛盾,甚至导致合作的终结。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">这种制度性的原因,在国人的眼中和嘴中,多被描述为人品和道德,<wbr>无非是以道德拷问代替制度追责,走的是人治,<wbr>忽略了法治和制度对人性的塑造能力。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">C</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、原罪困境</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">成熟的市场经济是契约经济和信用经济,<wbr>早期的民营企业家在中国的初级市场经济环境中难免采用一些涉黄,<wbr>涉毒,涉税,涉骗,涉暴,涉黑等非正常手段,发展成长壮大之后,<wbr>也难免带有此类劣行原罪。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">我国虽采取原罪不予追究的豁免政策,<wbr>但现有法制环境又不可能完全豁免原罪,一旦有此经历,<wbr>原罪被追究的可能性会被一些突发性小事件激活,<wbr>所以更要注意自己的一言一行,<wbr>避免成为政策性和周期性整治和打压的目标。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">如早些年的一些民办地方性小煤矿,<wbr>人们为了争取开发权而不惜聚众械斗的情况屡有发生,<wbr>并因此形成一股股的黑恶势力。2008年在河北保定异地审理的河<wbr>北蔚县黑社会</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">性质团伙</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">案,就属此类。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">有的企业长期拖欠贷款不还,<wbr>但现有的证信系统将导致此类行为办不了信用证、信用卡。<wbr>如果有的人想通过关系进行公关,又将面临犯罪风险,<wbr>增加新的原罪积累。</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">有的老板喜欢炫富、摆阔、挥霍,如</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">山西富豪、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">煤老板邢利斌</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">花费</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">7<wbr>000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">万</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">高调</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">嫁女,俨然成了全国名人。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">其典型的土豪作派饱受置疑<wbr>和批评,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">与其相熟的政商人士认为:&#8220;让钱烧昏了头&#8221;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">受市场影响<wbr>,企业不久也崩盘破产。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">工商联一个副主席李海仓,曾是民间钢铁第一人,<wbr>被他的朋友冯引亮枪杀在办公室。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">杀人的直接起因是,当时冯引亮有一块土地,因为破产找到李说,<wbr>你拉兄弟一把,我把这个地转让给你,要160万。李当时没答应,<wbr>冯就跑到办公室开枪把李打死,然后自杀。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">其他如并购健力宝的张海案,周正毅案、杨斌案、广东顾雏军案,<wbr>还有新华保险公司的功臣吴国亮案等不少企业家犯罪案件,<wbr>多涉及挪用资金,虚假注册,抽逃注册资本等 &#8220;口袋罪&#8221;。</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext; background: yellow;">对策:一是建立建全现代企业需要的管理制度和经理人制度,<wbr>用公平、公开、科学的标准化、<wbr>流程化管理来最起码地部份地替代人为管理;<wbr>二是建设高效的专业加兼职人才团队,为企业提供管理、咨询、<wbr>诉讼和公关之用;三是</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; background: yellow;">应当保证员工享有良好的工作条件、<wbr>劳动报酬、安全保障、教育培训;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; background: yellow;">四<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext;">是走出创业时期的荒蛮和江湖气<wbr>,重新学习并遵守现代法治和社会规范,<wbr>切不可用江湖手段挑战法律和规则;五是为了消除原罪,<wbr>学会低调处事做人,让原罪消失在时间和记忆中;<wbr>五是尽量从事公益事业,以善消恶。</span></span></strong><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK45" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK44" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">7</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、家族风险</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">A</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">、传承困难<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">家族企业是世界上最初的企业组织,<wbr>也是最具普遍意义的企业组织形态。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">经过30多年发展,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">中国</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">家族式</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><wbr>民营企业多已进入&#8220;创一代&#8221;向&#8220;富二代&#8221;交接班的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">高峰期,<wbr>但能成功接班的&#8220;富二代&#8221;凤毛麟角。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">此时是坚持事必躬亲还是传承<wbr>后人,或是面向社会聘请职业经理人,不论是哪一个选项,<wbr>都将是企业家面临的新矛盾、新课题和新考验。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">从中国传统文化上讲,传承后代是多数企业家的最大愿望,但</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">中国民<wbr>营经济研究会会长保育钧说</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">&#8220;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">大多&#8216;富二代&#8217;不愿意接班,<wbr>或不能接班。与先辈相比,他们的短板很明显,理论多而经验少,<wbr>普遍缺少吃苦精神,闯劲不足。&#8221;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">据统计,家族企业平均存活时间为24年,70%的家族企业在创业<wbr>者去世或退休之后被卖掉或者被清算。<wbr>方太集团董事长茅理翔甚至认为:&#8220;家族企业接班比金融危机更可怕<wbr>。&#8221;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">因此造成多年来坊间热议的民企&#8220;十年周期率&#8221;现象。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">据《福布斯》2014年调查显示:&#8220;在所有747家上市家族企业<wbr>中,完成二代接班的企业有74家,占比9.9%&#8221;。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2003</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">年,海鑫钢铁创始人李海仓被枪杀身亡,时年仅22岁、正</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><wbr>留学</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">澳大利亚的的李兆会接班。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">李兆会水平和心思皆失,<wbr>政商关系冷漠,同业关系也大不如前。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">如今,海鑫钢铁集团</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">负有30</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><wbr>亿元债务,老板李兆也</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">处于朝不保夕的困境之中。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">大连万达集团的王健林尚未实现接班愿望,正出资5亿给儿子王思聪<wbr>练手。但王思聪更像一个娱乐明星,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">热遍网络的&#8220;日狗大法&#8221;<wbr>出自其手。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">另外,碧桂园的杨国强和杨惠妍父女,<strong>香江集团的</strong>刘志强和刘根森父<wbr>子,<strong>合生创展的</strong>朱孟依和朱桔榕父女,<strong>富力地产的</strong>张力和张量父子,<strong><wbr>新世界发展的</strong>郑裕彤和郑志刚父子</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">等,都已完成二代交接,<wbr>效果如何,尚待一定经营周期的观察和考验。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">企二代们&#8220;不爱实业爱投资&#8221;,海鑫钢铁的李兆会与</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">浙江万向的鲁伟<wbr>鼎</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">联手上演了一系列资本运作大戏。从结果不难发现,<wbr>虽同为企二代,但能力确有高低之别。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">成功</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">接班</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">的案例有,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">方太集团的茅理翔和茅忠群父子</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,以及</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">浙江万向<wbr>集团的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">鲁冠球</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">和鲁伟鼎</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">父子,是民企二代中的领军人物。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">长和系主席</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">李嘉诚</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">于2010年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">月年届84岁,主动披露&#8220;<wbr>分身家&#8221;细节:长子获实业,次子得现金。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">李泽楷终于子承父业</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,<wbr>被视为从&#8220;创一代&#8221;到&#8220;富二代&#8221;的传承样本。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">根据《Family Business Review》刊载,美国80-90%的企业为家族企业,<wbr>英国最大的8000家企业中76%是家族企业;<wbr>日本的百年家族企业有<span data="https://ci4.googleusercontent.com/proxy/fbCIh7TG6G-P-zIQ5tgJMDpnAg_Ls5D33LZxCdQ5MD_amQ=s0-d-e1-ft#http://25321" style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-color: #cccccc;">25321</span>家,200年标准的&#8220;长寿企业&#8221;<wbr>有3937家家族企业,有着21家超过1000年的家族企业。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">当<wbr>然,国外家族企业所处的社会、环境、文化、<wbr>制度等各种原因和因素很复杂,决不是一家企业想学就能学到。<wbr>但无论如何,实现经营转型,是多数家族式民营企业的战略性课题。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">B</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、股权之争</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">很多民营企业是家族企业,初期以感情为纽带,相互信任,<wbr>但随着资本积累增多,人类逐利天性日显,加之制度建设日显滞后,<wbr>无法合理处置新矛盾,人与人感情淡化,引发的司法风险越来越多,<wbr>而且一旦公权力介入并&#8220;拉偏架&#8221;,就变成企业内部的刑事案件。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">&#8220;真功夫&#8221;的老总蔡达标和潘宇海开始创业的时候,<wbr>他们关系非常好,后来蔡达标和夫人离婚,他告他,他告她,<wbr>亲亲反目成仇,最后蔡达标被判14年,罪名是口袋罪—挪用资<wbr>金。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">另有一家企业,在困难时期一股东不要利息将私款贡献出来,<wbr>把私车辆也抵押了。后来公司壮大了,但他的钱公司却不让收回,<wbr>说:你给公司是可以的,但从公司拿钱,必须符合财务制度。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">后来对方控告他,公司在上市引进战略投资过程中,<wbr>有一部分开支是不符合规定的。后被判了刑,罪名也是挪用资金。<wbr>法院给的说法是:一案一议,一事一码。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">国外也有股权之争,但最多打经济官司,没有送人进监狱的事情。<wbr>为什么?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">第一他们的财务制度非常健全,第二有独立的会计师事务所。<wbr>也就是说,外国的市场经济成熟已久,股份公司制度强大且规范,<wbr>股东之间基本都没有金钱往来,股东个人与公司之间(私域与公域)<wbr>也切割明晰,有强大的防火墙,所以法律风险很小。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; background: yellow;">对策:历史无数事实证明,<wbr>现代公司和经理人制度具备完善且行之有效的公司治理结构,<wbr>可持续发展能力很强,<wbr>也因此成为包括国企和民企在内的几乎所有企业发展的必选项。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext; background: yellow;">这说明,如果想做大做强,从家族企业转型为社会化企业,<wbr>是一条相对较好的路径</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; background: yellow;">。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK47" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK46" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;">&nbsp;</a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">8</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、</span></strong><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK6" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK5" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK49" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK48" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">法律风险</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">A</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、司法风险<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">依法治国,就是将所有的公私事务都纳入到制度和法律的框架之中,<wbr>授权政府进行契约式治理的公共权力行为,<wbr>行政权作为最大宗的公共权,理应首先步入法治轨道。<wbr>但中国还不是严格意义上的法治社会,<wbr>公权执法部门或官员个人介入民事司法纠纷,<wbr>违法乱法之事仍是常态。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">山东威海荣鹏房地产公司股权转让案,<wbr>因法院主审法官倾向于两股东之一,<wbr>并将来往机票认定为参与公司管理的唯一凭证,<wbr>而无视可能存在的诸如为自己一家独资公司服务等其他可能性,<wbr>使该案屡经数审,至省高院仍然无果。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">B</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、坚守法律<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">尽管法制并不健全,但并不意味着企业家可以不按法律办事,<wbr>甚对放纵自己,为所欲为。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">作为企业家,要为企业长远发展考量,从点滴小事作起,以身作则,<wbr>维护企业的合法形象,并且,要明白哪些是不能碰的&#8220;高压线&#8221;,<wbr>哪些是可以拿来用的&#8220;暖手宝&#8221;。如果企业到一定规模,<wbr>还靠行贿拿地,靠偷税发家,靠搞违法生意来上市,<wbr>将来早晚有一天会出问题。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">比如王石的企业&#8220;万科&#8221;坚持不行贿,<wbr>这就是一个非常难得的企业经营底线,<wbr>这一点保证了在未来的某时某刻不会因此而受到某种不确定因素的纠<wbr>缠和清算,起码到目前为止,还有效率。<wbr>在多年前的一期电视访谈节目中,王石拍着胸脯说:&#8220;我敢保证,<wbr>我的钱是干净的!&#8221;—哪怕我们怀着置疑的眼光,<wbr>将其真实性表达打个折,也不得不承认,<wbr>在中国能说出这种有底气的话的人,也确实不多。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">C</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、远离犯罪<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">改革开放以来,各种有犯罪组织遍地开花。<wbr>企业家要想把企业做大做强,一定要保持清醒头脑,<wbr>千万不要人为步入犯罪道路,或有意识染指黑社会。染指以后,<wbr>请神容易送神难。一个房地产开发商建一个酒店,<wbr>因为土地争议导致楼盖搁浅,就找黑社会吓唬对方。事成之后,<wbr>黑社会回头说,股权给我30%,你不给,我就把酒店占领了。<wbr>开发商为此左右为难,悔不当初。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">四川刘汉有深厚的官方背景和黑社会背景。<wbr>他曾经安排一个小兄弟干过某一件坏事,<wbr>后来那个人拿这个事要挟他,他就安排人把那个人杀掉了。<wbr>后来的结果大家都知道,刘汉因此成为民企中的反面教材。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">还有袁宝璟</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">、袁宝琦、袁宝森</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">三兄弟。<wbr>袁宝璟是中国政法大学毕业的高材生,东北非常著名的企业家。<wbr>他和刘汉做生意发生矛盾,就动用黑社会,<wbr>兄弟们因此被判注射死刑。后来曾经提议想用企业股份换免除死刑,<wbr>未果。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">陕西安康市一民企老板,在当地曾是明星青年、人大代表,<wbr>但因涉嫌黑社会团伙犯罪并致人死亡案,<wbr>被省级部门升格为重点案件,做为&#8220;运动式&#8221;整治目标遭到打压,<wbr>企业不复存在。后来聘请京城四大名律之一出庭辩护,<wbr>但在民意声讨和官方关注下,一切皆无济于事。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">企业家还要远离黄、赌、毒</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext;">广东东莞扫黄,&#8220;太子辉&#8221;<wbr>的保护伞并没能罩得住他,企业已经做到那个份上,最后还得进去。<wbr>关键是,警方长期以来一直以扫、养黄赌毒为业,一旦涉及,<wbr>一个小警察就可借助法律找理由把你办倒。</span><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">D</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、法律顾问</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">老板成功了,肯定有其超长之处。比如:有的人勤奋,有的人聪明,<wbr>有的人勇敢&#8230;&#8230;但因为专业出身不同,<wbr>都不可避免地存在着某方面的知识和个人素质修养方面的天然短板,<wbr>很多时候并不知道自己的做法合不合适或正不正确,<wbr>如果触碰了法律,后果还得自己承担。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">企业发展壮大之后,除了获得政策支持和建立各种人脉之外,<wbr>注重法律保护显得非常重要,这也是企业行为的基础,<wbr>所以作为老板一定要聘请私人律师。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">企业老总要有自己的智囊团队,<wbr>与法律顾问成为好朋友是非常重要的一环。<wbr>建立优质的法律服务团队,还要参与到决策核心和经营管理层面。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">很多企业没有法律顾问,或没把法律顾问当回事,<wbr>等到出事了才紧急抱佛腿,往往于事无补。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">当年,刘晓庆是朝阳区个人纳税最多的,因为税收问题被抓进去。<wbr>毛阿敏也是税收问题,受到有关部门立案侦查。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">E</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、改造现实<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">现行社会、法律环境虽不尽如人意,<wbr>但任何环境和制度都是有弹性的。如法律当中存在的量刑标准认定,<wbr>即有可大可小的弹性区间,而且人为变量因素极大。这是&#8220;<wbr>事在人为&#8221;提供了可能。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">企业还要经营,事业还要发展,民营企业家在遵法守法的同时,<wbr>努力去争取改变一些技术性的空间,还是大有作为的。<wbr>特别是中国法律有几乎&#8220;从生互死&#8221;的巨大差别,<wbr>所以如果运作得当,完全能够实现&#8220;从有到无&#8221;的预期。当然,<wbr>这是建立在自身清白的基础之上。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">河北高碑店市的一家高科技物联网络公司,在<span style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dashed; border-bottom-color: #ababab;">湖南衡阳祁东县进行基<wbr>层</span>网络建设时,工商部门或因知识不足,或是别有用心,认为&#8220;<wbr>无实物销售&#8221;,而被定为传销组织。后来,在当地遭遇司法诉讼,<wbr>多名员工被抓捕,公司老总被网上通缉,公司经营被打压。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">后来经过公司全体员工不懈争取,历经多次开庭取证,加之律师、<wbr>专家、学者和媒体等社会力量的关注和呼吁,<wbr>终于改变了主管部门和司法部门对待物联网这个新事物的观点和看法<wbr>,在2014年底重获清白,公司得以重新启动运营。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">这是在孙大午案后,另一起少有的起死回生案,完全是争取得来,<wbr>意义重大。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext; background: yellow;">对策:遵守法律红线的同时,更要</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; background: yellow;">积极参与行政决策,<wbr>对一些不合理的法律、政策和规定发出自己的声音,争取完善良法,<wbr>改造僵法,去除恶法,以个案推动法治进步,<wbr>使个案成为中国经济法制进程的有力组成部分。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK55" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK54" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;">&nbsp;</a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">9</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、</span></strong><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK57" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK56" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">拓宽视野<u></u><u></u></span></strong></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">A</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、精神素质<strong><u></u><u></u></strong></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">中国仍然处于从传统农业社会走向工业化、<wbr>城市化和商业化社会的历史转型进程当中,<wbr>特别是刚刚兴起的网络革命,<wbr>更要求人们尽快摆脱农业文明思维的束缚,<wbr>并及时适应从相对狭小的私域生活到日益社会化的公共领域、<wbr>社会制度和公共规则。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">此时,公共意识和规则意识显得非常重要。具体而言,<wbr>就是要求人们遵纪守法,而且在不伤及他人利益的同时,<wbr>还要敢于争取并坚守自身的利益边界不受侵犯。<wbr>其前导是道德层面的诚信,后衍则是公共交换领域的信用,<wbr>即契约精神。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">一个现代文明社会,首先要有信用和契约,<wbr>才可能有商业交易和市场;经济繁荣之后进而产生金融,<wbr>并形成一个健康的商业社会;再诞生庞大的中产阶级,<wbr>继而推动社会继续进步。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">人生由贫而富,由富而贵,由贵而雅,由雅而信。<wbr>现在不少民企老板在实现&#8220;由贫而富&#8221;和&#8220;由富而贵&#8221;之后,<wbr>已在注重个人的道德修养和素质培养,进入&#8220;由贵而雅,由雅而信&#8221;<wbr>的精神层面,这是一种可喜的现象。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">具体而言,&#8220;诚信、信用、契约&#8221;<wbr>必须成为企业家进行精神修炼的落地之物,也唯有如此,<wbr>才具备了在未来社会的立身之本和成功之母。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">C、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">加强学习<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">有一个由贫苦农民在80年代初开始慢慢经营起来的家族式园林绿化<wbr>企业,老板自己出任董事长(不知这董事如何得来)、总经理、CE<wbr>O等几乎所有领导职务,让太太担任财务总监加内勤总管,<wbr>送儿子到美国留学学习专业管理知识,将来进入公司接班,<wbr>并想让女儿也如法炮制。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">当我们有一次为他讲授企业管理培训课的时候,通过身临其境,<wbr>近距离观察经营状态,看到办公室里除了清一色的几个家人外,<wbr>基本没有外人来往,冷冷清清,没有丝毫的新鲜活力,<wbr>更没有业务人员的对接或是电话进出,像是在停工休假的样子。<wbr>据说,确实是经营遇到困难,自己文化水平低,已经无从下手了。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">他曾经听人介绍,上了几个MBA班,<wbr>试图提高自己的知识修养和经营能力,但未如预期。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">我们告诉老板,这是因为:<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">第一、知识基础过于薄弱,自身与高级班存在知识断层,无法对接;<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">第二、MBA班提供一些思路和借鉴作用即可,<wbr>并不能替代老板在具体事物上进行决策;<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">第三、MBA班更多的是发现和组织新的商业人脉,<wbr>这是其最大价值所在。所以才有年青人不上大学,直接花钱上(<wbr>或毕业后再上)MBA班的原因—直接进入高端商域,<wbr>再慢慢积累从商经验;<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">第四、至于坊间很多的商场励志书籍和语言,<wbr>只能仅供提升士气之用;<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">第五、屡见不鲜的所谓营销绝招,只能参考—如果其人真有如此<wbr>本领,何不自己狂赚一把,而要将此秘诀轻授他人呢?<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">第六、商场动态万千,把握原理,随机应变,才是核心。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">总之,当企业发展壮大后,<wbr>一定要重新学习更多商业之外的古今中外人文知识,<wbr>树立真善美的人生价值观和商业伦理,<wbr>然后再学习基本的哲学和逻辑理论,以掌握必要的方法论。<wbr>二者齐全,就具备了认知和辨析社会现象和事物的能力;同时,<wbr>要树立公共意识,懂得公共规则,保证行走在符合公平、正义、<wbr>善良、美好的正确人生方向和事业道路上。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">我们还告诉他,企业家没必要成为学术专家,但一定要读百家书,<wbr>习百家言,有比较才有鉴别,避免独尊儒术,<wbr>造成学得进去却出不来的悲剧。只有这样的人生和事业,<wbr>才能在最大范围和最高层面上得到更多人的认同和支持,<wbr>才能推进自己的事业走向强大。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext; background: yellow;">对策:结交社会贤达,广开人脉</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; background: yellow;">,<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext;">与京城各界保持着良好互动关系。</span></span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext; background: yellow;">我们受企业委托,定期邀请法律专家、政策专家、投资专家、<wbr>会计师、审计师、知识产权专家、税务专家、媒体人、<wbr>文化学者和社会贤达人士,到一些企业中进行交流,做增值服务,<wbr>给企业和高管进行&#8220;体检&#8221;,普及常识,预防问题,发现问题,<wbr>解决问题。多数企业有此经历之后,社会资源更加广泛,<wbr>事业也日趋通达顺畅。</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK59" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK58" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;">&nbsp;</a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 23.5pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK61" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK60" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">10</span></strong></a><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、自我保护</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">A</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、社会矛盾<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">世界银行《2006年世界发展报告:公平与发展》<wbr>公布的数据显示,中国居民收入的基尼系数已经由改革开放前的0.<wbr>16上升到0.5(另有清华大学的0.7说),<wbr>属于世界上收入分配不平等比较严重的国家。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">正常法治环境下,私有财产领域是&#8220;风能进,雨能进,国王不能进&#8221;<wbr>;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">在一个社会矛盾日显激化的环境中,<span style="border: 1pt none windowtext;">因为发展机会不均等和财富二<wbr>次分配不公,引发诸多仇富仇官现象,足以引起企业家们高度重视。<wbr>为规避各种不确定风险,做好自我保护显得非常重要。</span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">B</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、商业保险</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">社会转型时期,天灾人祸不可避免,企业家压力大,风险大。<wbr>有企业家公私不分,所有家底投放企业,手中无钱,进去之后,<wbr>连律师费都拿不出来。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">烟草大王褚时健出来以后,女儿没有了,妻子没有了,80多岁的老<wbr>人到山上去种橘子。他的精神固然值得敬仰,<wbr>但是假如当时有一千万的巨额保险,还需要如此吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">马航失事,韩国轮船出事,东方之星出事,都可以看出保险的重要,<wbr>至少对家人和将来的事业东山再起,都不可或缺。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">C</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">找到&#8220;娘家&#8221;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">积极参加各类行业协会、商会、社团、组织和慈善机构,<wbr>还包括网络群、圈子,线下饭局、聚会、论坛、研讨会、<wbr>展会等各种社会活动,通过各种方法和手段找到自己事业上的娘家,<wbr>形成一定的行业背景和话语权,抱团取暖,<wbr>可以避免单枪匹马应对复杂局面的困境。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">吴英案和曾成杰两个案例结果截然相反,<wbr>与他们所处的环境和背景有很大关系。曾成杰所在的湖南,<wbr>主要是因为民营经济环境不成熟,行会不发达,工商业声音弱小,<wbr>社会力量不足,无法扭转舆论局面,也无法改变司法方向。<wbr>吴英案不再多说,而孙大午能够东山再起,则与他近处京邻,<wbr>社会贤达群起支持等民间话语权的强大不可分割。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK8" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK7" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK83" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK82" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">D、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">从善如流<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">古话说:钱财本是身外之物,<wbr>当代民企老板更要学习并接受现代企业家&#8220;取之于社会,<wbr>用之于社会&#8221;的价值理念,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">积极从事慈善事业。<wbr>这样既可提升企业形象,也可开拓更加高端的政府和行政资源,<wbr>并可能在税赋方面有所减免和优惠。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">&#8220;超人&#8221;李嘉诚长袖善舞,资产千亿,在实业之外</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">他还有&#8220;<wbr>第三个儿子&#8221;,就是1980年创立、<wbr>已注入他三分之一财产的李嘉诚慈善基金会。此前4.5亿美元投资<wbr>Facebook的股票和过去两年增持的长和系股份,<wbr>都已归入基金会。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">虽然没有像比尔.盖茨、巴菲特那样生前把所有(或近乎全部)<wbr>财产用于公益慈善,但是李嘉诚却希望通过&#8220;第三个儿子&#8221;<wbr>来践行留名后世的善举。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">在行善的同时,&#8220;超人&#8221;在大陆市场多年来斩获颇丰,<wbr>盈利和效率首屈一指,。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 22pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E7%94%B5%E8%A7%86%E5%B9%BF%E6%92%AD%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8&amp;ie=gbk&amp;tn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10" target="_blank" style="color: #1e5494; text-decoration: none; outline: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">香港电视广播有限公司</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">荣誉主席</span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E9%82%B5%E9%80%B8%E5%A4%AB&amp;ie=gbk&amp;tn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10" target="_blank" style="color: #1e5494; text-decoration: none; outline: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">邵逸夫</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">早在1973年他就设立邵氏<wbr>基金会,致力于各项社会</span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E5%85%AC%E7%9B%8A%E4%BA%8B%E4%B8%9A&amp;ie=gbk&amp;tn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10" target="_blank" style="color: #1e5494; text-decoration: none; outline: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">公益事业</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。1977年,</span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E5%A5%B3%E7%8E%8B&amp;ie=gbk&amp;tn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10" target="_blank" style="color: #1e5494; text-decoration: none; outline: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">英国女王</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">册封他为</span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E7%88%B5%E5%A3%AB&amp;ie=gbk&amp;tn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10" target="_blank" style="color: #1e5494; text-decoration: none; outline: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><wbr>爵士</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,成为香港娱乐圈第一人。<wbr>美国旧金山市为表彰邵逸夫对该市的福利贡献,将每年的9月8日命<wbr>名为&#8220;邵逸夫日&#8221;。&nbsp;2011年</span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E9%82%B5%E9%80%B8%E5%A4%AB&amp;ie=gbk&amp;tn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10" target="_blank" style="color: #1e5494; text-decoration: none; outline: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">邵逸夫</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">退休之时,邵氏基金将公司<wbr>2.59%股权馈赠给数家教育及慈善机构。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">从1985年起,邵逸夫平均每年都拿出1亿多元用于支持内地的各<wbr>项社会</span><a href="https://www.baidu.com/s?wd=%E5%85%AC%E7%9B%8A%E4%BA%8B%E4%B8%9A&amp;ie=gbk&amp;tn=SE_hldp00990_u6vqbx10" target="_blank" style="color: #1e5494; text-decoration: none; outline: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">公益事业</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">,对于中国教育事业更是情有独钟。截至2012年<wbr>,邵逸夫基金共捐建了内地大、中、小学和职业技术学校、<wbr>师范学校、特殊教育学校6013个项目,包括图书馆、教学楼、<wbr>科技楼、体育馆、艺术楼、学术交流中心等,遍布全国31个省、<wbr>市、自治区。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">D</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、谨言慎行</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">中国是一个起码在表面上非常注重道德言行的社会,<wbr>所以企业家要特别注意自己的一言一行,<wbr>不要因此成为被人上纲上线攻击发泄的靶子。红楼梦有一句话,<wbr>练达人情即文章。很多企业家讲经营头头是道,<wbr>但在政治的大是大非面前握不好,不懂得&#8220;有所为有所不为&#8221;、&#8220;<wbr>低调做人&#8221;和&#8220;舍与得&#8221;的辩证关系。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">万科的王石在汶川地震的时候,大家都在捐款,他却讲了&#8220;<wbr>不要让捐款成为企业负担&#8221;这句不中听的话,结果导致全国声讨,<wbr>股票应声下跌,教训惨痛。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">山西富豪、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">煤老板邢利斌在事业顺风顺水时,<wbr>忘了企业家的社会责任和道德责任,任性地</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">花费</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">7000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">万</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">高调</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">嫁女<wbr>,被批评&#8220;让钱烧昏了头&#8221;,形象一落千丈</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">陈光标特立独行的高调行善之举,因动作过大有时无异于明星作秀,<wbr>所以在做好事的同时,也被饱受诟病。对企业形象是加份还是减分,<wbr>恐怕是二者相抵归零之效。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">E</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">、投资移民</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">在一个长期将&#8220;大公无私&#8221;树立为主流思想的国家里,<wbr>私有财产一直被视为不光彩、甚至是罪恶的渊薮。<wbr>即使在改革开放以后,<wbr>私有财产也是在制度和舆论的夹缝里产生壮大的,<wbr>企业家们更是亲身体会着时代进退的艰难。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">尽管民营企业在国民经济全局中占有越来越重要的地位,但</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">行政审批<wbr>多、准入门槛高、市场地位低、税费高、法律保护不足等因素,导致</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><wbr>民营企业的资产安全、企业家的人身安全无法保障,<wbr>有时政府的一纸&#8220;红头文件&#8221;<wbr>就可能将企业家辛辛苦苦积累起来的资产剥夺殆尽。加之对环境、<wbr>资源、食品、教育、医疗、养老、救济等各方面的思考,<wbr>中产阶级群体以上人群的移民意愿近几年急速提升。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">中国有一个词叫狡免三窟,用在移民群体身上较为合适。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">根据最新的<wbr>中国私人财富报告显示,移民比例达到58%以上。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">据招商银行和其<wbr>他资料,截止13年底,中国有930万移民。很多企业家是在&#8220;<wbr>唱红打黑&#8221;的时候,一看风声不对就走了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。与曾成杰相比,<wbr>石油大王赖昌星至少保住了性命,<wbr>也就因此可能有了东山再起的机会。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;">&nbsp;</p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK85" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(30, 84, 148);"></a><a name="-2771413666958111467_-3705383774669728828_OLE_LINK84" style="outline: none; text-decoration: underline; color: #1e5494;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">总结:<wbr>中国民营经济和民营企业在短期内仍然会面临一定的政策压力和发展<wbr>阻力,但中长期而言,最终谁也阻挡不住其前进的脚步。原因在于:<wbr>民营经济的活力和社会贡献力已广为人知,<wbr>有其坚实的民意基础和社会基础,<wbr>所以必然成为未来国民经济的希望之星。<u></u><u></u></span></a></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; text-indent: 24pt; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体; border: 1pt none windowtext;">老话说:&#8220;铁打的营盘流水的兵,风水轮流转,星星之火可以燎原&#8221;<wbr>等等,说白了,不管谁上谁下,谁走谁来,<wbr>谁都离不开市场经济这个民生之基。所以抓住了市场经济,<wbr>也就抓住了未来。<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 30pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2015</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">年6月20日星期六</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">初稿<u></u><u></u></span></p><p style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; line-height: 20.4px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-indent: 30pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">2015</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;">年7月3日星期五定向</span></p><div><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"><br /></span></div>