平生所学供埋骨:政治运动中的陈梦家

<p><br /></p><div></div> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">陈梦家,著名新月派诗人,同时也是古文字学家、考古学家。他是前南京金陵神学院提调</span>(<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">相当于院长</span>)<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">陈金镛的儿子,原籍浙江上虞,生于</span> 1911<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年</span>4<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>16<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日,自幼在南京长大。早年师从徐志摩、闻一多,是新月派重要成员。陈梦家曾在中央大学学习法律,最后拿到了律师执照,但他没有当过一天</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">律师,而是从</span>16<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁便开始写诗,</span>1931<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年便出版了第一本诗集《梦家诗集》,并立即扬名。大学毕业后,陈梦家曾在安徽芜湖中学任教半年,其后赴京在燕京大</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">学神学院修读</span>;<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">半年后转燕京大学中文系就读,并在该系任助教。此后的陈梦家开始以一位浪漫派诗人的形象出现。正是在燕大期间,他邂逅了与其相伴一生的&#8220;神</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">仙妹妹&#8221;&#8212;&#8212;赵萝蕤。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">赵萝蕤自幼长在苏州,其父赵紫宸是世界知名的基督教神学家,任世界基督教理事会的亚洲主席,早年曾留学美国。到她上学时,赵紫宸已是东吴大</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">学教授兼教务长了。</span>1926<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年,赵紫宸接任燕京大学宗教学院院长一职,赵家迁往北京。这一年,赵萝蕤</span>14<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁。</span>1928<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年,她直接升入燕大中文系,受业于郭</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">绍虞、马鉴、周作人、顾随、谢冰心等名教授。翌年,转系攻读英国文学。</span>1935<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年,赵萝蕤从清华外国文学研究所毕业,转入西语系任助教。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>1936<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年,陈梦家与赵萝蕤结婚。陈、赵的结合,与两人的家庭出身有一定关系。陈梦家的父亲是一位新教牧师,赵萝蕤的父亲则是著名基督教活</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">动家、神学家。相似的家庭背景,加上才子佳人的相互吸引,使二人很快就走到了一起。钱穆先生在其《师友杂忆》中曾忆及这对燕园的神仙眷侣:&#8220;有同事陈梦</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">家,先以新文学名。余在北平燕大兼课,梦家亦来选课,遂好上古先秦史,又治龟甲文。其夫人乃燕大有名校花,追逐有人,而独赏梦家长衫落拓有中国文学家气</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">味,遂赋归与。&#8221;</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;"><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2016/Apr/4192016chenzhao.jpg" width="589" height="405" alt="" /></span> </p><div><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;"><em>陈梦家、赵萝蕤与赵萝蕤弟弟赵景德</em></span></div> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">七七事变后,北平已放不下一张平静的书桌,夫妇俩辗转跋涉到昆明,陈梦家任教于西南联大。联大虽由清华、北大、南开组成,但仍循清华旧规:</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">夫妻不能在同一学府任教。这样,赵萝蕤便作出牺牲,一面在家操持家务,一面做些翻译工作。此时的赵萝蕤&#8220;勤读而多病。联大图书馆所藏英文文学各书,几于无</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">不披览。师生群推之。&#8221;</span>(<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">钱穆语</span>) </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">当时,美国芝加哥大学东方学院与西南联大有一个交换教授的规划,陈梦家被选派为交换教授之一,于</span>1944<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年首度赴美。赵萝蕤也一同前往,并</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">进入了当时全美一流的芝大英语系学习。在美期间,陈、赵夫妇会晤了当时已名声大噪的著名诗人艾略特。艾略特是陈、赵都非常崇敬的现代派大诗人,早在清华读</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">书时,赵萝蕤就应戴望舒之约,翻译了艾略特的长诗《荒原》,她也是《荒原》的第一位中译者。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>1947<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年,陈梦家先行回国后,任教于清华,同时担任文物陈列室主任,为校方多方搜集青铜文物,干劲十足。赵萝蕤回到北平后,任燕大西语系</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">教授,后又兼系主任,为建设一个一流的英文系四处奔走,延聘人才。</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">著名学者巫宁坤即是当时受赵萝蕤的邀请,自美返国,加入燕大英文系的。他回忆道:</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">一九五一年八月中旬,我回到北京,萝蕤亲自到前门火车站接我。别后不过两年多,我不无好奇地看到,她的衣着起了很大变化。当年在芝大,她总</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">爱穿一身朴实无华的西服,显得落落大方,风度宜人。眼前她身上套的却是褪了色的灰布毛服,皱皱巴巴,不伦不类,猛一看人显得有些憔悴了,但风度不减当年。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">到了燕园,由于我新来乍到,住房尚未分配,萝蕤便留我先在她家做客,受到她温馨殷勤的款待。陈梦家教授当年是著名的&#8220;新月派&#8221;诗人,后来又</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">以古文字学和考古学的成就蜚声中外,当时在邻近的清华大学中文系任教。他俩住在朗润园内一幢中式平房。室外花木扶疏,荷香扑鼻。室内一色明代家具,都是陈</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">先生亲手搜集的精品,客厅里安放着萝蕤的&#8220;斯坦威&#8221;钢琴。这时我才知道她是燕大宗教学院院长赵紫宸博士唯一的女儿&#8230;&#8230;</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">看得出来,刚回到北京的陈梦家和赵萝蕤生活是愉快的,对新政权也是充满憧憬的。然而到了</span>1951<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年,&#8220;知识分子思想改造运动&#8221;从天而降,市</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">委工作组进驻燕园,要求知识分子特别是高级知识分子,改造自己的资产阶级思想,清算&#8220;美帝文化侵略&#8221;。学校停课搞&#8220;运动&#8221;,教授们必须在群众大会上逐个进</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">行&#8220;自我检讨&#8221;,要&#8220;人人过关&#8221;。为了能过关,除了不停地检讨自己,还需揭发别人。此后不久,又开展了&#8220;忠诚老实运动&#8221;,要求每个人都必须详细交代自己的</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">历史经历,&#8220;态度恶劣&#8221;者,即被&#8220;隔离反省&#8221;。到了</span>1952<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年&#8220;三反&#8221;&#8220;五反&#8221;相继展开。中国文联还发出号召,让艺术家们举办各种义展、义卖,捐献稿费、</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">版税,争取在最短时间内捐献&#8220;鲁迅号&#8221;飞机一架支援抗美援朝。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">在&#8220;人人过关&#8221;的群众性政治运动面前,作为新月派浪漫诗人、小资情调严重的陈梦家自然难以躲过。陈梦家表现出明显的不适应,经常在私下里讥</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">评时弊,品题人物。巫宁坤在《燕园末日》一文中说,一天燕京大学校园里的大喇叭广播一个通知,要求全体师生参加集体工间操,陈梦家听了,不免发牢骚说:</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">&#8220;这是&#8216;</span>1984<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">&#8217;来了。这么快。&#8221;</span>(<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">《</span>1984<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">》是英国作家乔治&#183;奥威尔的小说,预言了未来社会严重收紧的情景</span>)<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">如此言论,在那个人人自危的年代,自是</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">难逃被清洗的厄运。果然,&#8220;思想改造运动&#8221;一兴起,陈梦家就被揪了出来。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">此时,身在燕大的赵萝蕤也好过不到哪里去,作为西语系主任,她不仅要检讨个人的&#8220;资产阶级思想&#8221;,还要参加各种会议,没完没了地检讨在领导</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">教学工作中&#8220;重业务,轻政治&#8221;的错误倾向。此时,其父赵紫宸已经被揪了出来,要求人人与他&#8220;划清界限&#8221;,其夫陈梦家正在清华遭受猛烈批判,一向镇静自若、</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">从容不迫的赵萝蕤,一下子憔悴了。&#8220;思想改造运动&#8221;刚告一段落,紧接着便是全国高等院校的&#8220;院系调整&#8221;。大学重组,教会学校一律解散,燕京和辅仁按不同科</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">系分别并入北大、清华、师大,人员听候统一分配。清华大学的文科系取消。陈梦家在清华大学受到猛烈批判后,离开学校,被&#8220;分配&#8221;到考古研究所,赵萝蕤调入</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">北大西语系任教授。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:SimHei">&#8220;反右&#8221;中应声落马</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">刚调入考古研究所的前几年,是陈梦家生命中相对平静的时期,也是他学术丰产的时期。这几年里,他相继完成和出版了《殷墟卜辞综述》《西周铜</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">器断代》</span>(<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">分</span>6<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">期连载于</span>1955<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">~</span>1956<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年的《考古学报》上</span>)<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">《尚书通论》等。他不仅第一次在考古和古文字领域引入了现代西方学术规范,同时还完成了由</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">浪漫派诗人向古文字、考古学专家的蜕变。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">陈梦家不再是一位诗人了,这一方面是个人兴趣的转移,另一方面也是政治气候使然。建国后,&#8220;小资产阶级诗人&#8221;陈梦家已被主流文学所抛弃,他</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">失去了重提诗笔的机会和勇气。与陈梦家经历相似的何其芳曾讲过一个故事:&#8220;古代有一位诗人,在一个风景美丽的秋天里,听见风雨吹打树木的声音,他就想写诗</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">了。但他才拿起笔来写了一句&#8216;满城风雨近重阳&#8217;,不巧催收田赋的人忽然来了,打断了他的兴致,这首诗就再也做不下去了。&#8221;何其芳说,教条主义的批评会败坏</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">人的创作情绪&#8212;&#8212;陈梦家又何尝不是如此。他被那些充满革命浪漫主义情怀的政治抒情诗败坏了胃口,他唯有闭嘴,像沈从文那样将自己埋进故纸堆里,似乎只有那</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">样才安全。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">赵萝蕤在回忆那段岁月时说:</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>1956<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年,他用《殷墟卜辞综述》的稿费在钱粮胡同买了一所房子。从此他一个人占有了一间很大的寝室兼书房,在里面摆下了两张画桌。这一大</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">一小两画桌拼在一起成了他的书桌,上面堆满了各种需要不时翻阅的图籍、稿本、文具和一盏台灯。梦家勤奋治学有着很好的物质条件。他身体好,不知疲倦,每天</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">能工作差不多十小时到十二小时&#8230;&#8230;</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">梦家喜欢朋友,对朋友从不苛求。他爱戴老人,如徐森玉、容庚、于思泊、商承祚诸先生</span>;<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">也亲近青年,对他们无所不谈。他很喜欢去看望朋友,海</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">阔天空地畅谈一切。他喜欢游山玩水,虽然这样的闲暇和机会不多&#8230;&#8230;他喜欢看戏</span>(<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">各种形式的</span>)<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">,喜欢写这方面的评论文章和泛论文艺的小文,如发表在《人民日</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">报》副刊的《论人情》等,据说这些文章很受读者欢迎。不过他新诗作得很少。他写过《甘地》一诗,写过几首咏景物的小诗,曾在《诗刊》上发表。他喜欢和郭小</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">川、艾青等同志交朋友。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>1956<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年</span>1<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月,中共召开了知识分子会议,周恩来做了《关于知识分子问题的报告》,毛泽东在会上说:&#8220;有的同志说些不聪明的话,说什么&#8216;不</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">要他们也行&#8217;&#8216;老子是革命的&#8217;,这话不对。现在叫技术革命,文化革命,革愚蠢无知的命,没有他们是不行的,单靠我们老粗是不行的。&#8221;</span>1956<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年</span>5<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>26 <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日,中共中央宣传部长陆定一作了题为《百花齐放、百家争鸣》的报告,政治气候一下子变暖,作为诗人的陈梦家也被重新&#8220;挖掘&#8221;出来。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">陈梦家觉得他作为一位作家重新出现,应该有一个新的形象。于是,他便刻意与当时并不光彩的&#8220;新月派&#8221;划清界限:&#8220;我很不愿意别人老把过去的</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">招牌挂在我的头上,而且这块招牌对我也不大合适,当时我只不过是喜欢写诗,和&#8216;新月派&#8217;诗人接近罢了。有一些诗人像何其芳等比我更接近&#8216;新月派&#8217;,却因为</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">他改造了思想,入了党,而不再给他挂这块招牌,我虽然没有入党,也不能老挂着这块牌子。&#8221;</span>1957<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年,徐志摩、戴望舒等人的诗选也重新与读者见面,陈梦家</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">写了一篇《谈谈徐志摩的诗》的文章,发表在《诗刊》上。在当时任作协秘书长的郭小川的日记里,记有陈梦家当年的一些情况:&#8220;到十一时,唐祈说陈梦家正在</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">《诗刊》谈到我的《深深的山谷》,我和丘琴一起去和他谈了好一会。他赞扬了我这首诗。到十一时半,我约他们去吃饭,在崒华楼且谈且吃,搞到一时半多。陈梦</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">家极健谈,他有他的见解和人生态度,又大骂了一阵刘绍棠,主张在整风中好好整他。&#8221;</span>(1957<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年</span>5<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>17<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日</span>)<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">&#8220;陈梦家来,谈了一下他对右派的看法,他认为</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">有些右派分子老不满足。又催我早些看他的编好的诗集&#8230;&#8230;&#8221;</span>(1957<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年</span>7<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>9<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日</span>)<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">显然,在&#8220;反右&#8221;前的一段时间里,陈梦家在政治态度上还是比较积极的。此</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">后,因为政治气氛的突变,便再也没有了关于陈梦家的记录。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>1957<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年&#8220;反右&#8221;斗争一开始,陈梦家应声落网,他被划成&#8220;右派分子&#8221;的罪状之一是&#8220;反对文字改革&#8221;。早在</span> 1950<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年,根据毛泽东关于文字改革不能脱离实际、割断历史,应首先办简体字的指示,文字改革研究会即开始着手汉字简化工作。经过数年的酝酿修订,《汉字</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">简化方案》于</span>1956<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年由国务院公布。</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">在</span>1957<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年有关文字改革问题的&#8220;鸣放&#8221;中,陈梦家提出:&#8220;文字是需要简单的,但不要混淆。这些简化字,毛病出得最多的是同音替代和偏旁省略。简化后有些</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">字混淆了。&#8221;&#8220;汉字虽然非常多,但是常用的并不多,普通人认识三千就可以了&#8230;&#8230;有了这三千字,就来研究怎么教。有人说汉字难学,我说不难,所以难,是教的</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">人没教好&#8221;。&#8220;在没有好好研究以前,不要太快的宣布汉字的死刑&#8221;。&#8220;文字这东西,关系了我们万万千千的人民,关系了子孙百世,千万要慎重从事&#8221;。陈梦家的</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">意见说得很有道理,但关键是他没能正确预测风向。罗隆基当时就曾说:&#8220;毛主席是赞成拼音化的,这样让大家讨论就很难发表意见了&#8230;&#8230;&#8221;</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">陈之所以被打成右派,与其才情、性情、学问均不无关系。论才情,陈是旧时代的浪漫派诗人,天纵英才,风流潇洒,恃才傲物,不免让人又忌又</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">羡</span>;<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">论性情,他的诗人气质极浓,与制度时相冲突,又口无遮拦,好指点江山、臧否人物。另外,他当时的稿费收入很高,生活条件优越,容易引发&#8220;仇富&#8221;心理。</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">据《夏鼐日记》记载,当时陈家中已有电视机,他&#8220;几乎每天都看电影、电视,有时还加评语&#8221;。他搜罗明式家具,也多在此一时期。赵萝蕤说&#8220;梦家喜欢朋友,对</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">朋友从不苛求&#8221;,事实上陈梦家并不喜好结交朋友,更不会拉拢投靠,因此人缘较差,在群众性运动中最易落马</span>;<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">论学问,陈梦家不仅已是蜚声中外的诗人,更在历</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">史学、古文字学、考古学等诸多学科方面取得了卓越的成就,已蔚然成家,老话讲&#8220;文人相轻&#8221;,在知识分子成堆的地方,往往成就愈高,愈易遭忌恨。当年院系调</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">整时,陈梦家由于口无遮拦,被迫离开清华,去了社科院考古所</span>;<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岂料考古所的官僚作风更让他难以忍受。陈梦家到了考古所后,反对政治挂帅,批评当时学术界的</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">行政领导是&#8220;外行领导内行&#8221;,甚至反对学习马列。当时考古所所长尹达是</span>20<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">世纪</span>30<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年代投奔延安的老革命,并无多少学术贡献,但因政治出身好,名正言顺做</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">了一把手。陈梦家为此很反感,曾质问当时的副所长夏鼐:&#8220;你是否有职无权</span>?<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">&#8221;意在讥讽尹达。这些话,在政治气氛宽松时可能无所谓,但到了非常时候,就有可</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">能转化为&#8220;定时炸弹&#8221;,成为消灭一个人的罪证。在</span>1957<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年批判陈梦家的文章里,就有一篇西北大学历史系学生的来信,说陈梦家在西大讲学期间,&#8220;恶毒攻击</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">我们敬爱的郭院长</span>(<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">郭沫若</span>)<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">&#8221;,攻击革命烈士闻一多&#8220;不洗澡,不换衣服,身上臭得要命&#8221;。陈是闻一多的学生,两人关系亲密,开个玩笑是有的,绝对谈不上</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">&#8220;攻击&#8221;</span>;<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">对&#8220;郭院长&#8221;的学问,以陈的性情,讥讽几句也是有的,但绝对称不上&#8220;恶毒&#8221;。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">自</span>1957<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年</span>7<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>13<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日考古所第一次反右运动大会开始,对陈梦家的批判就没停下来过。郑振铎在当天的日记里有记录:&#8220;下午二时半,到考古研</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">究所,参加对右派分子陈梦家错误的讨论会。首先由我说了几句话,然后由陈梦家作初步检讨。琐碎得很,全无内容。王世民加以比较详细的揭发。石兴邦予以根本</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">的驳斥。大家一致不满陈的检讨。近六时,我先走,因为要招待外宾也。</span>(<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">热,晚上有大雷雨</span>)<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">&#8221;&#8220;琐碎得很,全无内容&#8221;,由此可见当时陈梦家自我检讨之艰难</span>; <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">可见那种唾面自干的自我作践,对一个清高出尘的知识分子而言,是多么大的痛苦和煎熬。而&#8220;热,晚上有大雷雨&#8221;看似闲笔,却又像当时政治空气的隐喻。陈、郑</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">二人算是朋友,对文物、旧书有着共同的嗜好,但政治风向变幻莫测,二人也只能形同陌路,以求自保。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">当时写文章批判陈梦家的,有很多都是大名鼎鼎的学者,王力、夏鼐、翦伯赞、唐兰等人都写了长篇批判稿,有的还火药味十足。如唐兰就曾撰文《右派分子陈梦家是&#8220;学者&#8221;吗</span>?<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">》,不仅在学术道德上将陈梦家定性为&#8220;偷&#8221;&#8220;盗&#8221;,更站在政治的制高点上将陈梦家一举打倒:</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">在大鸣大放期间,向党进行恶毒的猖狂进攻的右派分子陈梦家是&#8220;学者&#8221;吗</span>?<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">不是的。他是&#8220;冒牌学者&#8221;,实际上是一个十分热衷、不择手段地拼命向上爬的野心家,是一个善于投机取巧,唯利是图的市侩,是一个不懂装懂,假充内行,欺世盗名的骗子。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">陈梦家在三反运动时是大老虎,党和政府没有追究既往,他应该改过自新。但在院系调整后,他转入了考古研究所,相反地把尾巴翘得更高了。几年</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">来,他似乎很努力,很忙,据他说是&#8220;社会主义热情&#8221;。但忙的是什么呢</span>?<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">忙的争权利,当把头,捧这个,拉那个,搞小圈子,挑拨离间,打击人</span>;<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">忙的东跑西跑,</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">沽名钓誉多写东西,多拿稿费</span>;<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">忙的买房子,买明代家具</span>;<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">装着热心戏剧,搞鬼把戏。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">陈梦家在完成了甲骨学巨著《殷虚卜辞综述》后,用稿费在美术馆附近的钱粮胡同买了</span>18<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">间平房,此举使不少人眼睛登时变红,于是谣言四起,举</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">报信不断。据胡厚宣先生回忆,当时科学院的领导也曾动员他和张政烺先生出来批陈梦家,胡先生明确表示&#8220;不干这种缺德的事&#8221;,张先生也没有答应。他们不干,</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">但有愿意干的,特别是那些有野心的人。批陈开始后,曾做过陈梦家助手的李学勤当即写了《评陈梦家殷虚卜辞综述》</span>(<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">载《考古学报》</span>1957<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年第</span>3<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">期</span>)<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">。文章</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">不仅尖锐地质疑了陈梦家的学术成就,在文章的结尾,逐渐演变成人身攻击:</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">陈梦家并未拿出任何实在的成果,与他的傲慢自大相称。陈梦家这个人自命甚高。比如说,在书里的第</span>20<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">章,陈梦家忽略了很多其他学者的研究和理论,只是收录了他自己的想法&#8230;&#8230;我们不应该接受这种竭力鼓吹自己的态度。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">经此一役,陈梦家彻底倒下,不但被剥夺了发表学术论著的权利,已经在《考古学报》上连载六期的《西周铜器断代》也被大批判文章所取代,没了下文。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">写出过《寻路中国》《江城》等著作的美国《纽约客》记者何伟</span>(Peter Hessler)<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">,曾就此事采访过李学勤,何伟想不明白,一位诗人、学者何以招致如此不堪的批判,而且很多都是赤裸裸的人身攻击。&#8220;不只外国人很难明</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">白&#8221;,李学勤说,&#8220;年轻一代的中国人也很难明白。在那个时候,我们受到了压力,必须要写这种东西。考古研究所叫我写的。那时我很年轻,没办法拒绝。你会发</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">现,我在文章里避免说任何有关政治的话题。我没有用过&#8216;右派分子&#8217;或其他类似的词。我把那种批评写成了仅有的一段,放在全文的最后。&#8221;李学勤解释说,他在</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">评论里面所写下那些学术观点都没有问题,&#8220;但那种个人化的攻击是我不想写的。那篇评论发表以后,我很少见到陈梦家。不过</span>1960<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年代初期,我偶尔会在考古</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">研究所碰见他。每次碰见他,和他说话总是觉得不自在。我没办法和他说话了,因为我感觉很内疚。我总是后悔我写了那篇文章。&#8221;那一年,李先生才</span>24<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">岁,风华</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">正茂,血气方刚,还有大把的好机会。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">划成&#8220;右派分子&#8221;后,对陈梦家的惩罚是&#8220;降级使用&#8221;,妻子赵萝蕤受到过度刺激,导致精神分裂。他曾经一度被下放到河南农村劳动,种田、踩水车等等。</span>1960<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年,由于夏鼐的关照,他得以借调到甘肃整理新出土的&#8220;武威汉简&#8221;,并在那里干出了一番成就,这也许是不幸中之大幸。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">作为陈梦家的朋友,三十多年后,著名史学家杨宽先生还痛心地反问道:&#8220;为什么在政治上对他进行陷害的同时,还要贬低他的学术著作的价值呢</span>?<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">事实上,</span>(<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">《殷虚卜辞综述》</span>)<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">学术著作的价值是有目共睹的,历史将作出公正的评价。&#8221;</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:SimHei">考古学家的陨灭</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">被贬兰州后,陈梦家又投入到了汉简研究之中,并以惊人的毅力和才华,完成了《武威汉简》和《汉简缀述》两书。在兰州呆了两年后,</span>60<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年代初</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">期,政治气候回暖,陈梦家又被召回考古所,《汉简缀述》也得以出版。正当他准备大展身手的时候,&#8220;文革&#8221;却爆发了。</span>1966<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年</span>8<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月,&#8220;死老虎&#8221;陈梦家在考</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">古所作为&#8220;资产阶级反动学术权威&#8221;,被重新揪出来&#8220;批判&#8221;&#8220;斗争&#8221;。夏鼐八月九日的日记记载:&#8220;今晨广播中共中央关于&#8216;文化大革命&#8217;运动的决定,并且连续</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">广播几次。这是指导性的革命纲领,是当前运动的方向盘。整天街道上有锣鼓声,各单位送喜报,欢迎党中央这个伟大的文化革命纲领。所中今天起成立了监督小</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">组,&#8216;三反分子&#8217;及&#8216;右派分子&#8217;</span>(<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">夏鼐、牛兆勋、林泽敏、陈梦家</span>)<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">每天上午劳动,下午写检查。晚间大雨。&#8221;</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>8<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月的北京,烈日当头,陈梦家被强迫长时间跪在考古研究所的院子里。有人往他身上吐唾沫,有人往他身上扔脏东西。他的家被抄,他苦心收藏的</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">那些明清家具、古玩器具、丰富的藏书,被一扫而空</span>;<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">他们夫妇的房子住进了别人,&#8220;宁娘子的象牙床&#8221;也被红卫兵小将们占用,陈和妻子被赶到一间本来是车库的</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">小破屋里居住。此时,赵萝蕤的病情更加严重,曾两次发病,但是送不进医院。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">与陈梦家一起被打倒的还有顾颉刚、侯外庐等一大批专家、学者。考虑到顾先生藏书太多,政府特意安排他住在一套</span>200<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">平方米左右的平房里。&#8220;文革&#8221;一开始,就被人以征服者的姿态,住进了原属于顾颉刚先生的一间正房,并在院子里搭起了厨房&#8230;&#8230;</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>8<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>24<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日傍晚,在被&#8220;斗争&#8221;了一整天后,陈梦家离开考古所,来到住在附近的一位女性朋友家中。一整天非人的折磨与侮辱让他几乎出离地愤</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">怒,并产生了一种可怕的绝望感,他告诉朋友:&#8220;我不能再让别人把我当猴子耍了。&#8221;这时,考古所的一些造反派又跟踪而来,在他的朋友家中,强行将他按跪在</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">地,对他进行又一轮的叱骂和毒打。随后,这些人把他押回考古研究所。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">那天晚上,陈梦家被关押在考古所里,不许回家。事实上他已无家可归,妻子疯了,房子被占了,家被抄了&#8230;&#8230;那个晚上,想起这么多年走过的坎坷</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">路,他感慨万千。自美返国之后,接二连三的运动让他没过过几年安稳日子,特别是在被打成右派后,他的右派帽子就一直没有摘下来过。他成为千夫所指的罪人,</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">没有朋友,更没有学生,曾经相濡以沫的妻子几成陌路。</span>(<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">&#8220;文革&#8221;结束后,三联书店曾约赵萝蕤写一本约</span>10<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">万字的关于陈梦家的书,赵拒绝了,&#8220;我实在没那么</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">多的话可说,</span>5<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">万字都写不出&#8221;,最终只写了篇千字文。很难想象,这对夫妻曾是燕园里的那对让人艳羡的情侣&#8230;&#8230;</span>)<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">那个夜晚,邻近考古所的东厂胡同有至少</span>6<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">个</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">居民被红卫兵活活打死。拷打从下午延续到深夜,凄厉的惨叫声在胡同里久久回荡,邻居们不忍聆听,只好用枕头捂上耳朵。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">那个晚上,陈梦家更是听得不寒而栗,他想到了死&#8230;&#8230;陈梦家悄悄写下了遗书,吞下大量安眠药片自杀。由于安眠药剂量不足以致死,他活了下来。</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">夏鼐在日记中记下了其中一些细节:&#8220;上午赴所,见通告牌上有红卫兵通告,谓我所右派分子陈梦家自杀未遂。听说:昨天中午下班后,他到东厂胡同的一蔡姓寡妇</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">家</span>(<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">其丈夫死于</span>1963<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年,据云曾于死前托孤于陈</span>)<span style="font-family: SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">,被所中左派群众揪出示众,他自杀以抵抗运动,犯现行反革命的罪,还在遗书中污蔑群众侮辱了他,所以自</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">杀。所中开全所大会,&#8216;文革&#8217;小组报告此事,并对犯错误的三反分子、右派分子等警告。&#8221;日记中的蔡女士不知何许人,陈在遗书中说&#8220;群众侮辱了他&#8221;,也许指</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">红卫兵把他和蔡女士的关系作了侮辱性联想。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">何伟后来曾采访过陈梦家的弟弟陈梦熊,后者回忆道:&#8220;他吃了安眠药,不过没能成功。他们把他送进了医院。第二天我赶去他家,他们的门上贴了</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">批判梦家的大字报。我进屋看到红卫兵已经守在那里。&#8216;好得很&#8217;,他们说,&#8216;你这叫自投罗网&#8217;&#8230;&#8230;&#8221;陈梦熊被毒打了一顿,因单位来人接应,他被暂时放了回</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">去。&#8220;那是个极其危险的时候,&#8221;陈梦熊说,&#8220;你一整夜都能听到他们的声音,他们不停地敲门和打人。梦家在医院住了一阵子,但医院很快把他给轰出来了,因为</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">他的背景问题。大概过了一周,他就自杀了。有个跟他们夫妇俩住在一起的保姆,我想是她发现他的。我当时没法去他家里,因为我自己也在被批斗。没有办过任何</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">丧事。&#8221;</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p>9<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>2<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日,陈梦家再一次自杀。这一次,他选择了自缢,一种更绝望的死法。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">据曾负责看管陈梦家的考古所工作人员老杨回忆,当陈梦家第一次自杀未遂后,考古所就派了一些年轻的考古学家去专门看管他。那么,陈梦家是如</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">何自杀成功的呢</span>?<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">老杨回忆:&#8220;有一天,陈梦家走了出去,经过了这扇窗户&#8230;&#8230;过了几分钟,我们觉察到他走出去了。我们冲到外面,但已经太迟了。他上吊自杀</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">了。&#8221;此时,一位&#8220;自绝于人民&#8221;的诗人之死,已激不起任何涟漪。夏鼐九月三日日记:&#8220;闻陈梦家已于昨晚再度自杀身死。&#8221;九月五日日记:&#8220;所中召开&#8216;声讨陈</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">梦家畏罪自杀大会&#8217;。&#8221;云淡风轻,不多着一字。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">&#8220;文革&#8221;结束后的</span>1979<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">年,考古所为陈梦家举行了追悼会,在这年</span>1<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">月</span>25<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">日出版的《考古》杂志第</span>1<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">期第</span>19<span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">页有一则报导:&#8220;黄文弼、陈梦</span><span> </span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">家、颜誾先生追悼会在北京举行&#8221;,文中称,陈梦家先生&#8220;一九六六年九月三日被林彪、&#8216;四人帮&#8217;反革命修正主义路线迫害致死,终年五十五岁。&#8221;往事如烟,谁</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">还记得当年那位才子诗人、饱学之士陈梦家呢</span>? <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">&#8220;&#8216;文革&#8217;开始的时候,如果人们批评你,你就会相信你真的做错了事情。我自己也被人批评,我也相信其他人说我的话。每个人都是这样,这成了一种社会心理。</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">有那么多的敌人&#8212;&#8212;看起来,每个人都是一个敌人。&#8221;李学勤在回答何伟的访谈时说。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">陈梦家,才子而生当乱世,这是他的不幸。陈先生写诗的生涯虽只有短短六七年的时间,大半辈子都在搞古文字和古文献,但他却写出了那个时代最漂亮的诗歌:</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><em><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">没有忧愁,</span> </em></p> <p><em>&nbsp;</em></p> <p><em><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">也没有欢欣</span>; </em></p> <p><em>&nbsp;</em></p> <p><em><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">我</span> </em></p> <p><em>&nbsp;</em></p> <p><em><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">总是古旧,</span> </em></p> <p><em>&nbsp;</em></p> <p><em><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">总是清新&#8230;&#8230;</span> </em></p> <p><em>&nbsp;</em></p> <p><em><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">也许有天</span> </em></p> <p><em>&nbsp;</em></p> <p><em><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">上帝教我静,</span> </em></p> <p><em>&nbsp;</em></p> <p><em><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">我飞上云边,</span> </em></p> <p><em>&nbsp;</em></p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;"><em>变一颗星</em>。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><span style="font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;">这多么像他一生的谶语。</span> </p> <p>&nbsp;</p>