“魏则西事件”：谁在监管“为民服务”的军队医院

<h1> <img alt="“魏则西事件”以及随之而来的网络舆情，让中国军队医院的监管体系面临考验。" src="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/660/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2015/01/19/150119214919_china_hospital_624x351_ap.jpg" width="624" height="351" data-highest-encountered-width="660" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #bdbdbd; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; -webkit-user-select: none; width: 645.781px; display: block; background-color: #111111;" /></h1><div property="articleBody" style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, \’Microsoft YaHei\’, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, \’WenQuanYi Micro Hei\’, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 14.5455px; margin: 0px 53.7642px 0px auto; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><figure style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 32px -54.2188px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; background-color: #111111;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright<span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);">AP<figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption<span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">“魏则西事件”以及随之而来的网络舆情，让中国军队医院的监管体系面临考验。</figcaption></figure>为一起公共卫生事件史无前例地成立了两个调查组，充分说明了事件的复杂程度。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">21岁的西安电子科技大学计算机系学生魏则西因病去世后，其治疗过程引发的讨论也在2016年“五四”青年节前后达到高峰。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">中国国家网信办宣布，牵头成立联合调查组进驻互联网巨头百度。发言人姜军称，近日“魏则西事件”受到网民广泛关注。根据网民举报，中国国家网信办会同国家工商总局、国家卫生计生委成立联合调查组进驻百度公司，对此事件及互联网企业依法经营事项进行调查并依法处理。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">随后，中国卫计委宣布，联合中央军委后勤保障部卫生局、武警部队后勤部卫生局联合对涉事的武警北京市总队第二医院进行调查。<h2>调查与监管</h2><figure style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6449px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; background-color: #111111;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2016/01/11/160111153842_china_military_reform_512x288_xinhua_nocredit.jpg" datasrc="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/320/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2016/01/11/160111153842_china_military_reform_512x288_xinhua_nocredit.jpg" alt="中国领导人习近平主导了最近一次的裁军和军队改革，但“魏则西事件”却揭开了军队医院的伤疤。" width="512" height="288" data-highest-encountered-width="624" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; -webkit-user-select: none; width: 616.207px; transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in; display: block;" /><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright<span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);">Xinhua<figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption<span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">中国领导人习近平主导了最近一次的裁军和军队改革，但“魏则西事件”却揭开了军队医院的伤疤。</figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“魏则西事件”被曝光后，众多利益主体涉身其中，卷起的乱战尚未停息。但被初步做实的第一“当事方”无疑是谋财并且“害命”的武警北京二院。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">被揭开盖子的还有林林总总的部队医院，在“魏则西事件”之前，恐怕很多中国人对军队医院没有如此深刻的了解。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">中国军网报道称，中国武警部队已于5月4日就此事表态，称对 “魏则西事件”高度重视，已组成工作组进驻武警北京总队第二医院，将全力配合国家卫生计生委和中央军委后勤保障部卫生局调查，对发现的问题将依法依纪严肃查处，绝不姑息迁就。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">一般来说，各个国家的军队医院应该由军费供养，专门针对现役或退役军人提供服务。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">但包括此次涉事的武警北京二院在内，大多数中国的军队医院都在对普通民众提供医疗服务，武警北京二院甚至还是得到中国政府卫生监管部门认证的最高等级——三级甲等医院。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">从卫计委和军方成立联合调查组的举动倒推，此类军队医院的监管明显存在真空——如果是面向普通民众的公立医院，那就应该接受卫生部门的监管；但军队医院的人事管理权和所有权又属于军方。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">据中国媒体报道，中国卫生部2000年出台了《关于城镇医疗机构分类管理的实施意见》，其中规定：“政府举办的非营利性医疗机构不得投资与其他组织合资合作设立非独立法人资格的营利性的’科室’、’病区’、’项目’。”之后，公立医院“科室承包”的现象有所收敛。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">但卫生部的监管措施只能针对政府公立医院，不受卫生部管理的军队医院继续把科室外包。中国社交媒体上的热门文章《一个死在百度和部队医院之手的年轻人》称，（魏则西）一家进入武警二院主页并直接与发来对话框的“医生”开始沟通，甚至得到了一个相当积极的答复，促使他们在几天后就从西安来到了北京求医。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">这篇文章称，进一步的网上调查显示，武警北京总队二院所谓官方网站备案主体是个人，而非医院。魏则西曾经就医的武警北京总队二院肿瘤生物中心的网站运营者康新公司、技术合作方上海柯莱逊生物技术有限公司老板分别为中国福建莆田人士陈新贤和陈新喜兄弟。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">简单说来，魏则西就医的武警北京总队二院肿瘤生物中心，正是一个由中国著名的“莆田系”老板私人投资“承包”或“入股”公立医院科室。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">虽然“莆田系”私人投资和北京武警二院的具体合作关系尚未完全明晰，但多家中国媒体随后在调查报道中披露，军队医院的部分科室被承包早就不是秘密，而是业内常识。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">微博实名认证为“原中国医学科学院北京协和医院妇产科副主任医师”的龚晓明在一篇名为《远离那些不靠谱的军队医院》中称，因为监管的缺乏，除了几家大的部队医院，大部分的军队医院的妇产科、皮肤科、耳鼻喉科都是被私人承包出去了，承包人就是借了解放军医院的牌子，唯利是图，做过度医疗的事情。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“因为军队医院也不受地方卫生行政部门的监管，所以无法管理。”龚晓明称。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">中国搜狐新闻报道称，以2013年9月卫计委联合包括总后勤部卫生部医管局和武警部队后勤部卫生部在内的共计六个部门联合开展打击非法行医专项行动为例，因为“有一个管辖权的问题”，尽管行动标准、要求均相同，实际工作却是“谁的医院谁来管”。过去的十多年间，卫计委一直严厉打击医院外包科室行为，但其不了解部队卫生主管部门如何就此展开工作。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“魏则西事件”事实上揭开了军队医院缺乏有效透明监管的伤疤。目前的官方调查指向已经十分清楚，但如何厘清军队医院的职能，军队医院能不能市场化，军队医院如何监管这些问题，都还有待解答。<h2>“莆田系”壮大史</h2><figure style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6449px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; background-color: #111111;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/624/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2016/05/04/160504083318_beijing_union_hospital_512x288_reuters_nocredit.jpg" datasrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/320/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2016/05/04/160504083318_beijing_union_hospital_512x288_reuters_nocredit.jpg" alt="北京协和医院门前排队就医的人群。中国公立医院资源的稀缺，给民营医院提供了成长空间。" width="512" height="288" data-highest-encountered-width="624" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; -webkit-user-select: none; width: 616.207px; transition: opacity 0.5s ease-in; display: block;" /><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright<span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.5625rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);">Reuters<figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption<span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">北京协和医院门前排队就医的人群。中国公立医院资源的稀缺，给民营医院提供了成长空间。</figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">中国的私营医院“王国”——“莆田系”因“魏则西事件”再次走进舆论视线。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2006年11月，中国官媒新华社旗下的《瞭望东方周刊》曾刊发长篇报道《谁在掌控中国民营医院》。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">报道称，全国至少有80%以上的民营医院老板来自福建省莆田东庄。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“魏则西事件”曝出后，另一家中国社交媒体巨头腾讯整理了“莆田系”的发展历史，其主要特征包括：<ul style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none;"><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;">上世纪80年代，莆田人背着医药包，以在电线杆上贴性病小广告的“游医”方式捞到“第一桶金”，性病、鼻炎、狐臭、肝炎、风湿是他们的主要治疗项目。</li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;">莆系富豪“四大家族”逐渐形成，陈、詹、林、黄家族逐渐发家，如今已形成巨大连锁规模。“玛丽医院”、“玛丽亚妇产医院”被詹氏家族控制，以“华夏”、“华康”、“华东”开头的医院被陈氏家族控制，以“博爱”、“仁爱”、“曙光”为名的医院被林氏家族控制，黄氏家族则掌控天伦不孕不育医院和玛丽妇婴医院。</li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;">上世纪90年代，在中国国有医疗机构改革或者改制的背景下，“莆田系”开始花钱买入公立医院或者其行医执照，承包这些医院的部分科室，开展丰胸等高价治疗项目。</li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;">2000年以后，整形美容医院成为“莆田系”的方向，加上传统的男科、妇科等，形成了比较完整的产业链，以百度搜索的竞价排名为主要平台的互联网营销，成为“莆田系”市场推广的主要手段。</li></ul><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">《瞭望东方周刊》曾总结“莆田系”发家阶段的不规范治疗手段，包括：<ul style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 18px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: none;"><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;">敢把没病的说成有病；</li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;">敢把一个疗程的病治上10个疗程；</li><li style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 18px 0px 0px 20px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 4px; vertical-align: baseline; list-style: square outside;">敢把十几元一瓶的药卖到200多元。</li></ul><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">不幸的是，十多年前被披露的手段，现在仍然在“魏则西事件”中或多或少地得到体现。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">5月4日，《北京青年报》等多家中国媒体证实，武警北京总队第二医院当天已贴出停诊通知，宣布“因本院教育整顿，从即日起暂停一切对外服务”。<p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">对于“莆田系”和缺乏有效监管的所有军队医院来说，这是不是一次全面整顿的开端呢？</div>