<h1><br /></h1><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 15px; clear: both; line-height: 18px; width: 640px; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 15px;"><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2016/Jun/612016AJ.jpg" width="624" height="321" alt="" /></div><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; color: #666666; line-height: 13px; margin-top: -7px; padding-top: 0px; display: block; padding-bottom: 12px; clear: both;">日<em>本一艘护卫舰等候与驻日美军联合救援(图片来源:美国海军)</em></span></div><div id="mainMediaBig" style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 18px; background-color: #ffffff;"></div><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 15px; float: left; clear: left; display: inline; width: 280px; line-height: 18px; background-color: #ffffff;"><div id="mainMediaSmall" style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 15px;"></div><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 15px; float: none; clear: both; display: inline; width: 280px;"><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 15px; clear: both; width: 280px; overflow: visible;"><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 12px 0px 0px; margin: 6px 12px 6px 0px; font-size: 13px; clear: both; overflow: visible; width: 268px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: #cccccc; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><ul style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: inside; line-height: 16px;"><li style="padding: 0px; margin: 10px 12px;"><br /></li><li style="padding: 0px; margin: 10px 12px;"></li></ul></div></div><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 15px; clear: both; width: 280px; overflow: hidden;"><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 12px 0px 0px; margin: 6px 12px 6px 0px; font-size: 13px; clear: both; overflow: hidden; width: 268px; border-top-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: #cccccc; background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-size: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial;"><h3><br /></h3><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 13px;"><ul style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; list-style-type: none; list-style-position: inside;"></ul></div></div></div><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 15px; clear: both; width: 280px; overflow: hidden;"></div><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 15px; clear: both; width: 280px; overflow: hidden;"></div></div></div><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 8px; font-size: 15px;"><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; color: #717070; padding: 0px 0px 6px; margin: 0px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 15px;"></div><p style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; color: #717070; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; font-size: 11px; line-height: 11px;"><span style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">美国智库兰德公司最近发表报告说,中国使用外交和经济压力、主动展示军事能力,以扩张在东中国海和南中国海的影响力,而美国则反应迟缓,应对缺乏效果。</span></p></div><div id="ctl00_ctl00_cpAB_cp1_cbcContentBreak" style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; font-size: 15px;"><div style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 135px; font-size: 15px;"><p style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">报告说,中国在东中国海和南中国海运用循序渐进的非战争策略(例如建立防空识别区),其行动让美日等国难以预测和及时对抗。报告指出,中国在这些海域的行动有三个特点:</p><p style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">首先,中国利用其经济活动、法律行动、贸易协议和外交为扩张边界获取空间,或是与国际伙伴建立互惠关系,这样的互惠关系让竞争对手也不得不三思而后行。举例来说,美国经济与中国密切相关,任何军事冲突都可能造成灾难性后果。</p><p style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">其次,中国善于创造条件,从事实上控制有争议地区,为其主权主张正名。这些非战争措施有些是传统手段,有些则前所未闻,例如,中国经常向南中国海有争议海域派遣渔船,用于宣示对有关海域的所有权。</p><p style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">第三,中国愿意有限度地使用军事武力,回击那些对抗力量。报告说,中国的决策者似乎在军事推进、暂时收兵和全面威胁之间找到了一种相对安全的平衡位置。</p><p style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">报告指出,从外表上看,中国的策略还没有达到目标——日本仍然对尖阁诸岛(中国称之为钓鱼岛)进行管辖;菲律宾也在通过联合国海洋法公约挑战中国的主权声索;中国虽然在东中国海设立防空识别区,而美军仍然在这一区域界限内活动。报告还说,中国的独断行为迫使日本和菲律宾等邻国强化其军事能力,并让它们与美国的结盟越发紧密。</p><p style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">不过,报告警告说,中国正在实施的是一种长期策略,目的是为了达成长期目标,而不是短期目标,而且,这种策略可能缓慢地走向成功。报告说,中国使用多种非战争措施,采取行动的节奏让人难以预测,在扩展影响力和应对美国反制的同时,也为自己赢得时间和在未来采取行动的空间。</p><p style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">报告预测,如果美国不能发展出有效持续的应对策略,中国很可能会达成在东中国海和南中国海的一些战略目标。</p><p style="font-family: NSimSun, SimSun, PMingLiU, Arial, Helvetica, \’Arial Unicode MS\’, sans-serif; padding: 0px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px;">报告认为,美国在冷战之后就难以发展并维持一个全面、长期的全球战略,党派选举政治让美国的战略视角停留在眼前,美国的战略决策还有很多改善的空间。报告建议,美国需要在军事、外交、经济和交流等方面建立更有效的反应措施,国家安全部门需要为美国的领导人提供非常全面的政策选项、战略选择和反应选项。</p></div></div></div>