<span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1891年7月成立的保加利亞社會民主黨1894年改名為保加利</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">亞社會民主工黨,1903年黨内分成左派(也稱緊密派)</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">社會主義者和右派(也稱廣泛派)社會主義者。1919年5月,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">保加利亞社會民主工黨左派召開黨的第二十二次代表大會,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">黨名改為保加利亞共産黨。1919-1923年,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">保加利亞王國總理是農民黨主席亞力山大•斯塔木包利斯基(А.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Стамболийский),他推行急進的改革,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">共産黨人支持他的政策,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">加之第一次世界大戰保加利亞參加的同盟國失敗,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">引起軍官們强烈不满。1923年6月9日,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">索菲亞大學政治經濟學教授倉科夫(А.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Ц. Цанков)領導的“人民同盟” 發動政變,推翻了斯塔木包利斯基政府。1923年9</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">月,保共發動反倉科夫政權的武裝起義,失敗後轉入地下,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">起義領導人格奥爾基•季米特洛夫流亡到蘇聯。1927年,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">保共建立合法的工人黨。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1938年保共中央將工人黨與保共合并為保加利亞工人黨。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1941年3月1日保加利亞王國政府參加德意日三國同盟。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">德軍進入保加利亞。1941年6月,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">希特勒多次要求國王包里斯三世(Борис </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">III)向東方戰線派兵,進攻蘇聯,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">親俄的包里斯國王没有派兵參加德國對蘇戰争,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">保加利亞人和俄羅斯人皆為斯拉夫人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">但1941年12月13日保加利亞向英美宣戰。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1941 年6月德蘇戰争爆發後,工人黨參加反對德國佔領者的鬥争,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1942年創立祖國陣線,1943年建立人民解放起義軍。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1943年8月28日,包里斯三世死亡,他的兒子西蒙二世(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Цар Симеон II)成為保加利亞皇帝。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1944年9 月5日,蘇聯對保加利亞宣戰,9月9日,起義軍在紅軍支持下,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">2500-3000名游擊隊員推翻了倉科夫政權,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">成立祖國陣線政府,斯托亞諾夫任總理(Кимон </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Георгиев Стоянов)。1</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1944年12月20日-1945年2月1日,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">祖國陣線政府鎮壓戰争時期擁護帝制的官員,審判11122人,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">有9155人被判有罪,其中2730人被槍斃,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1305人終監禁,5119被判20年徒刑;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">官方數據稱有3000多政治犯被判刑。2</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1945年11月6日,季米特洛夫由蘇聯回國。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">季米特洛夫1935-</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1943年曾任第三共産國際執行委員會總書記,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1943年5月15日共産國際解散後,被任命為聯共(布)</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">中央委員會國際部部長。3</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1946年9月15日全民公决,成立保加利亞人民共和國,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">結束了西蒙二世的君主專制,癈除君主政體。10月27日,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">選舉大國民議會,議會設465個席位,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">保加利亞工人黨獲得277席,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">反對派保加利亞農民聯盟獲得99席。1946年11月23日,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">季米特洛夫出任國家總理,工人黨控制了政府。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">季米特洛夫時代保加利亞非常靠近蘇聯,甚至被稱為“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">蘇聯第十六個加盟共和國”。2</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">工人黨為全面掌控政權,消滅反對派,1947年6月5日,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">逮捕了保加利亞農民聯盟領導人尼古拉•别特科夫(Никола </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Петков),</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">他領導包括社會主義者和其他政黨代表形成的反對派,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">力圖保存議會民主制度,被工人黨視為反革命活動。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1947年9月23日,季米特洛夫政府將别特科夫絞死,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">許多反對派人被判刑投進監獄。2</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1990年1月15日,别特科夫被平反,恢復名譽。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">消滅議會中的反對派後,1947年12月4日,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">通過所謂的季米特洛夫憲法,按蘇聯的模式改造保加利亞。2</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">第二次世界大戰後,南斯拉夫、保加利亞、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">阿爾巴尼亞和羅馬尼亞共産黨領導人在蘇聯的參與下曾研究建立巴爾</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">干聯邦共和國(Балканская </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">федеративная республика)的可能性。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">如果希臘共産黨革命掌權後也邀請希臘加入聯邦共和國。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">季米特洛夫和鐵托是建立聯邦共和國的倡導者和支持者,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">斯大林只在開始時支持,想以巴爾干聯邦共和國抗衡西方國家。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">後來蘇聯只同意由南斯拉夫、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">保加利亞和阿爾巴尼亞組建聯邦共和國,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">因為羅馬尼亞和希臘不是斯拉夫族。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">建立聯邦可解决南斯拉夫和保加利亞闗於馬其頓的糾紛問題,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">因為1913年第二次巴爾干戰争把馬其頓一分為二:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">瓦爾達爾地區(Vardar/Вардар)屬南斯拉夫,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">皮林地區(Pirin/Пирин)屬保加利亞。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1947年6月,季米特洛夫對英國《每日郵報》" Daily </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Mail"發表談話:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">南斯拉夫和保加利亞將很快簽訂友好互助條約,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">两國闗係將更加緊密。1947年7月,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">鐡托邀請季米特洛夫到南斯拉夫就兩國闗係談判,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">7月30日和8月1日,南保領導人在斯洛文尼亞的布萊德(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Bled)市簽署了雙邊闗係條約,即布萊德協約(也稱鐡托—</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">季米特洛夫協定),8月2日,發表公開聲明,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">協約取消兩國之間的簽証,建立闗税同盟。4,5 </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">南斯拉夫和保加利亞準備成立南斯拉夫人民共和國聯盟。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1947年 11月,鐡托訪問保加利亞,</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">11月28日,在布萊德協約批准儀式上公開宣佈:“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">我們兩國間的合作應是全面緊密的,建立聯邦只不過是手續而已。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">我們將建立强大的南斯拉夫聯盟,抵抗任何進攻”。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">保加利亞副總理科斯托夫(Трайчо </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Костов)評論説:“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">將來會成立所有南部斯拉夫人的聯盟並建立一個南部斯拉夫國家。”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">4,5</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1948年1月17日,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">季米特洛夫在布加勒斯特與喬治烏德治討論保加利亞闗税聯盟問題,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">在記者招待會上宣佈:“聯邦問題涉及到羅馬尼亞、保加利亞、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">阿爾巴尼亞、捷克斯拉伐克、波蘭、匈牙利,可能還有希腊。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">各國人民自己能做出决定,他們將建立一個聯邦或聯盟”。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">這顯示南斯拉夫不僅要與保加利亞合并,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">並且可能成為東歐國家聯邦的領袖國。5</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">斯大林聞訊大怒,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">認為季米特洛夫和鐵托是要建立一個獨立於蘇聯的社會主義集團。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">2月10日,斯大林召南保兩黨領導人到莫斯科緊急會談,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">鐡托派密洛凡•吉拉斯(Milovan </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Djilas)和愛德華•卡德爾(Edvard</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Kardelj)*出席會議,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">季米特洛夫在科斯托夫陪同下出席會議。在蘇、南、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">保三方會議上斯大林和莫洛托夫指責南保兩國簽訂南保條約、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">發表東歐國家聯邦的聲明和向阿爾巴尼亞派駐軍隊這三個問題上犯了</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">錯誤,違背了共産黨情報局波蘭會議所形成的互相協商、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">統一行動的决議。南保兩國與蘇聯有嚴重分歧。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">斯大林要求南保兩國會談後分别與蘇聯簽署一份闗於對外政策上必須</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">經過雙方協商的文件。2月11日夜晚,簽署了蘇南兩國“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">有義務就涉及兩國利益的國際問題進行協商”的議定書。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1948年4月,聯共(布)中央委員會譴責鐡托的立塲,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">視鐡托等南斯拉夫領導人為敵對分子,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">而季米特洛夫仍發表支持南斯拉夫的講話,鐡托生日5月25日,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">他還向鐡托致電祝賀。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1948年8月,季米托洛夫出任保加利亞工人黨總書記。12月,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">工人黨在首都索非亞(София)召開第五次代表大會,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">大會通過發展國民經濟五年計劃的决議,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">建設保加利亞的社會主義基礎,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">實現國家工業化電气化及農業合作化機械化。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">大會决定保加利亞工人黨改名為保加利亞共産黨。1</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1949年1月,季米特洛夫不再公開露面,4月“訪問”莫斯科,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">貝利亞請他治病,官方對外公布:</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">季米特洛夫現在在蘇聯治療糖尿病。7月2日,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">俄國人讓國際知名人士季米特洛夫“病死”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">在莫斯科郊區的巴爾維哈(Барвиха)療養院。.3</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">據傳:五年後尸檢證明季米特洛夫因汞中毒死亡。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">季米特洛夫到莫斯科“治病”後,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">蘇聯開展反南斯拉夫共産黨人和鐡托分子運動,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">保共49名中央委員中有17人遭到審判。1949年3月27日,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">保共中央全會指責前總書記(1944-1946年)</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">現任副總理科斯托夫反對蘇聯,撤消其副總理職務,開除政治局。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">科斯托夫於6月10日被捕,在獄中遭受刑訊拷打,10月,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">在供狀上簽字。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">另有部長及部長以下級别的約有200名官員與他一起被捕。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1949年12月7-14,經8天訴訟,科斯托夫被處决。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">和科斯托夫一起受審的財政部長Иван </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Стефанов、建設部副部長Никола Павлов二人被判終身監禁,宣傳部長Васил </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Ивановски、經濟委員會副主席Никола Начев、駐蘇大使館商務專員Борис Андронов、國家银行行長Цончо </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Цончев、工業部局長Иван Гевренов、商業部處長Иван Георгиев等人分别被判處12-15年徒刑。4,5</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">斯大林死後,1956年科斯托夫等人被平反,恢復名譽。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">季米特洛夫逝世後,科拉羅夫(В. П. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Коларов)出任國務總理,任職半年於1950年1月逝世,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">斯大林支持季米特洛夫的妹夫契爾文科夫(В. В. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Червенков)接任國務總理,並兼任黨的總書記,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">契爾文科夫二十年代逃到蘇聯,1944年回國,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">他在執政期間遵循斯大林的蘇聯社會主義模式,加速工業化,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">强制農民實行合作化,大規模地清洗科斯托夫的支持者和同情者,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">有9.25萬人被開除出黨,因而契爾文科夫有“小斯大林”之稱。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">2</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">第二次世界大戰結束到1953年斯大林死之前,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">保加利亞約有12000人被送進勞改營。6</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">斯大林死後,契爾文科夫失勢,1954年3月,托多爾•</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">日夫科夫(Тодор </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Живков)出任總書記,4月,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">在保共中央全會上公開批判契爾文科夫所犯“個人崇拜”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">和其他方面的錯誤。1956年撤消了他的總理職務,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">由前内政部長尤果夫(Антон </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Танев Югов)接任總理。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1962年,保共召開第八次代表大會,日夫科夫譴責尤果夫反黨,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">在赫魯曉夫支持下迫使尤果夫退休,日夫科夫兼任總理。7</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">保加利亞歷史上曾受土耳其奥斯曼帝國統治近500年(1393-</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1878),土耳其實行民族同化政策,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">大批土耳其人向保加利亞移民,部分保加利亞人改信奉伊斯蘭教。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">為了强制解决歷史留下的民族矛盾和隔閡,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1971年保共第十次代表大會以所謂“發達的社會主義社會”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">階段要發展社會同一性為名,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">支持政府發起反少數民族的保加利亞化運動,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">特别是反對講保加利亞語的伊斯蘭教徒、吉普賽人和土耳其族人。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1973-1974年要求他們把伊斯蘭姓改為保加利亞姓,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">闗閉土耳其語言學校和清真寺;壓縮土耳其文出版物數量,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">開展針對伊斯蘭教的無神論宣傳。1981年,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">保加利亞建國1300年慶典後,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">加强從人口學的角度宣傳民族主義(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">保加利亞人家庭有一或兩個孩子;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">而土耳其族人或吉普賽人家庭最少有三個或四個孩子)。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">保加利亞化運動在1984-1985年達到高潮,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">强迫所有土耳其族人改用保加利亞人的姓和名,曾引起騒亂。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1989年春,土耳其族人口多的地區發生嚴重的警民衝突,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">有12人被打死。事件後有30多萬人離開保加利亞逃往土耳其。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1,8,9</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1988-1989年,民主改革之風遍吹保加利亞,政治活躍,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">第二次世界大戰後解散的保加利亞急進民主黨、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1947年被禁止的保加利亞農民聯盟、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1948年解散的保加利亞社會民主黨都重新開始活動。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">一些新的社團組織也紛紛出現:獨立工會“支援勞動同盟”、“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1945年後受害者俱樂部”、“保衛人權委員會”、“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">生態公開性俱樂部”、“保衛魯諧(Русе,位於北部邊境)</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">市生態環境委員會”、“公民主動性運動”、“保衛信仰權利、</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">良心自由和靈魂價值委員會”都出現在政治舞台上。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">科學和文化界部分最著名人士轉變為反對派,組成“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">支持公開性和改革的俱樂部”,土耳其族更是積極的反對派。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1989年10月,當局逮捕20名生態公開性俱樂部成員,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">11月初,民衆響應該組織號召在國會大厦前示威,呼籲保護環境,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">有4萬人參加游行,社會不满情緒達到極點。保共意識到事態嚴重,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">11月10日,解除日夫科夫的總書記和國務委員會主席的職務。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">外交部長牟拉建諾夫(Петр Младенов)出任保共總書記和國務委員會主席,魯卡諾夫(</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Андрей </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Луканов)任總理。他們就任後採取一系列民主化措施,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">允許有明顯反共綱領的政黨和組織正式註册;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">追究日夫科夫和一些高官的貪腐和濫用權力的法律責任。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1989年12月7日,所有反對派──</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">贊同民主改革的政黨和社團聯合起來成立“民主力量聯盟”,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">聯盟中各參加組織仍保持其獨立性。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1990年1月,保共與反對派舉行圓桌會議,就放棄一黨統治,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">實行自由選舉,實行立法、司法和行政三權分立,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">使軍隊和安全機闗非政治化,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">企業部門不得建立黨派組織等問題談判,最後達成協議,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">議會决定取消憲法中保共在社會和國家中居領導地位的條款;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">國務委員會主席牟拉建諾夫簽署命令,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">取消軍隊和安全部門的政治機闗和黨團組織;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">取消保共在企業内的基層組織;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">允許少數民族恢復自己的伊斯蘭姓名。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1990年1月18日,保加利亞最高檢察院將日夫科夫拘留審查。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1992年9月,最高法院以“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">濫用職權為自己子女和他人謀取好處”罪被判處日夫科夫7年監禁,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">監外執行,1996年宣佈“無罪釋放”。1998年8月5日,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">日夫科夫逝世。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1990年4月,保共改名為保加利亞社會黨。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1990年6月10-17日,舉行大國民議會選舉,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">社會黨在議會400個席位中獲得211席,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">民主力量聯盟獲得144席,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">保加利亞農民聯盟和代表土耳其族利益的“保衛人權與自由運動”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">等組織獲得其餘席位。大國民議會依法制定新憲法,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">於1990年7月10日開始工作。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">民主力量聯盟的支持者舉行反對社會黨的静坐、集會、示威游行,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">高呼:“打倒社會黨!”,“社會黨是紅色恐怖組織”,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">學生罷课絶食,牟拉建諾夫被迫辭去國務委員會主席。8月1日,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">民主力量聯盟領導人熱列夫(Желю </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Желев)被議會選為保加利亞總統,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">民主力量聯盟的支持者繼續舉行集會示威游行,高呼:“</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">不要共産主義!”要求“魯卡諾夫辭職!”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1990年11月29日,魯卡諾夫宣佈辭職。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1990年12月7日,根據熱列夫總統提名,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">大國民議會任命無黨派人士Д. </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">波波夫(Димитр Попов)為總理,組織聯合政府。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1991年7月12日,議會通過新憲法,11月13日,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">舉行新的國民議會選舉,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">在240個議席中民主力量聯盟得110席,社會黨得106席,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">保衛人權與自由運動得24席。民主力量聯盟主席Ф.</span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">季米特洛夫(ФилипДимитров),被任命為總理。1992年1月,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">依照新憲法進行第一次直接選舉總統,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">熱列夫當選為保加利亞第一任民選總統,9-11</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">保加利亞完成了由極權制度向民主制度的轉變。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">______________________________</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">__________________</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1.*密洛凡·吉拉斯(Милован Ђилас/Milovan Djilas,又譯為德熱拉斯)曾是南斯</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">拉夫共産黨中央委員會執行局書記、國民議會議長、副總統。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1953年,公開</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">主張把南共聯盟變成一個議會民主政黨,</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">實行多黨制和西方式的民主。1954</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">年,南共聯盟中央决定把他開除出南共聯盟,並逮捕判刑。</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1961年1月,提</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">前獲釋。吉拉斯著有《新階級──對共産主義制度的分析》(The New Class-</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">An Analysis of the Communist System)一書,認為共産主義者取得政權後,並</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">没有消滅階級,而是建立了一個由權勢和恐怖組織控制的“新階級”</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">。 1963</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">年,中國大陸世界知識出版社出版《新階級》中譯本,内部發行。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">2.*卡德爾(Edvard Kardelj)曾任南斯拉夫政府副主席。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">參考文獻與網上檢索詞語</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">1.История Болгарии/</span><a href="http://www.impression.ru/Bulgaria/info/Bulgaria_info_89.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=zh-CN&q=http://www.impression.ru/Bulgaria/info/Bulgaria_info_89.html&source=gmail&ust=1466313218613000&usg=AFQjCNFPp28DyQxarJ0u4HeJYvQ1ovi61w" style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">http://www.</span><wbr><span style="font-size: 12pt;">impression.ru/Bulgaria/info/</span><wbr><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Bulgaria_info_89.html</span></a><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">Народная Республика Болгария/коммунистическая партия Болгарии</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">2.Bulgaria/</span><a href="http://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/The-early-communist-era" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=zh-CN&q=http://www.britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/The-early-communist-era&source=gmail&ust=1466313218613000&usg=AFQjCNG35hRGP6eKaYsrTEJTsGaiCq8K4Q" style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">http://www.</span><wbr><span style="font-size: 12pt;">britannica.com/place/Bulgaria/</span><wbr><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The-early-communist-era</span></a><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">3.Георгий Михайлович Димитров/Georgi Dimitrov Mikhaylov</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><a href="http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/dimitrov.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=zh-CN&q=http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/dimitrov.html&source=gmail&ust=1466313218613000&usg=AFQjCNErkkDdWvjIRnVA7jL6j8eQfiTuPg" style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">http://www.hrono.ru/biograf/</span><wbr><span style="font-size: 12pt;">dimitrov.html</span></a><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">4.Костов Трайчо:</span><a href="http://www.hrono.info/biograf/bio_k/kostov_t.html" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=zh-CN&q=http://www.hrono.info/biograf/bio_k/kostov_t.html&source=gmail&ust=1466313218613000&usg=AFQjCNGCFguc550HIFrEmZSH32g74akAEA" style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">http://www.hrono.info/</span><wbr><span style="font-size: 12pt;">biograf/bio_k/kostov_t.html</span></a><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">5.Ходос. Сфабрикованные процессы/ глава 2 Процесс Костова в Болгарии;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><a href="http://www.kulichki.com/moshkow/POLITOLOG/HODOS/processy.txt" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=zh-CN&q=http://www.kulichki.com/moshkow/POLITOLOG/HODOS/processy.txt&source=gmail&ust=1466313218613000&usg=AFQjCNE7SPLh8EHGQwAVR9Lsk-xjkcuo2g" style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">http://www.kulichki.com/</span><wbr><span style="font-size: 12pt;">moshkow/POLITOLOG/HODOS/</span><wbr><span style="font-size: 12pt;">processy.txt</span></a><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">6.People\’s Republic of Bulgaria;</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><a href="http://english.turkcebilgi.com/People" s+republic+of+bulgaria"s+republic+of+bulgaria"="" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=zh-CN&q=http://english.turkcebilgi.com/People\’s%2BRepublic%2Bof%2BBulgaria&source=gmail&ust=1466313218613000&usg=AFQjCNE9N65wvwuMKwObidNL9xxgKw8Kjw" style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">http://english.turkcebilgi.</span><wbr><span style="font-size: 12pt;">com/People\’s+Republic+of+</span><wbr><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Bulgaria</span></a><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">7.Todor Zhivkov:</span><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todor_Zhivkov" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=zh-CN&q=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todor_Zhivkov&source=gmail&ust=1466313218613000&usg=AFQjCNGjfwXr0aIhRsgpN2YoB49NUQ4Stw" style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">http://en.wikipedia.</span><wbr><span style="font-size: 12pt;">org/wiki/Todor_Zhivkov</span></a><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">8.滴血的玫瑰——保加利亚对境内土耳其族政策的变迁</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><a href="http://no1190.yjq.cc/viewthread.php?tid=148252" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=zh-CN&q=http://no1190.yjq.cc/viewthread.php?tid%3D148252&source=gmail&ust=1466313218613000&usg=AFQjCNFfg3YUH2lH6Z3d7Jc1nS-nYEzkoQ" style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">http://no1190.yjq.cc/</span><wbr><span style="font-size: 12pt;">viewthread.php?tid=148252</span></a><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">9.丁維陵 李東雨 趙連章 《蘇聯東歐劇變啟示録》,吉林人民出版社,1992年,</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">頁68-76</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">10.К. Денечев (Болгария),Болгария:Время Перемен,1989—1994 гг,Новая</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">и новейшая история,1994,№6,37—53</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: #ffffff;">11.Начальный этап демократического обновления общества.</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><a href="http://www.ilgabg.com/novosti/25-dimokratiya" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" data-saferedirecturl="https://www.google.com/url?hl=zh-CN&q=http://www.ilgabg.com/novosti/25-dimokratiya&source=gmail&ust=1466313218613000&usg=AFQjCNHGGgs0ILwMHtGoUTLKPRCn20YFpA" style="color: #1155cc; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">http://www.ilgabg.com/novosti/</span><wbr><span style="font-size: 12pt;">25-dimokratiya</span></a>