坚持“韬光养晦”路线的前外交官吴建民

<div><img src="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/ws/660/amz/worldservice/live/assets/images/2016/06/18/160618100140_wu_jianmin_diplomat_640x360_xinhua_nocredit.jpg" width="640" height="360" data-highest-encountered-width="660" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; color: #bdbdbd; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; -webkit-user-select: none; width: 645.781px; display: block; background-color: #111111;" alt="" /></div><div property="articleBody" style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, \’Microsoft YaHei\’, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, \’WenQuanYi Micro Hei\’, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 14.5455px; margin: 0px 53.7642px 0px auto; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><figure style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 32px -54.2188px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clear: both; background-color: #111111;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image copyright</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);">XINHUA</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">吴建民1939年3月30日出生在重庆,曾为毛泽东、周恩来、陈毅等国家领导人当过翻译</span></figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 28px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">被称为中国外交界温和派的前外交官吴建民周六(6月18日)凌晨在武汉车祸身亡,享年77岁。吴建民生前担任过中国外交部外交政策咨询委员会委员、前驻法大使、外交学院前院长等职务。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">凌晨四点多吴建民的座车在武汉东湖隧道南出口发生车祸,同车的武汉大学信息学院教授朱晓驰也在车祸中身亡。车上另有三人受伤。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">武汉交警通过官方微博通报称这是一起&#8220;单方交通事故&#8221;。吴建民乘坐的别克商务车在地下通道由北向南行驶到南出口处时撞击路中隔离花坛。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">吴建民以主张和平发展,&#8220;韬光养晦&#8221;而闻名。他曾经说,&#8220;韬光养晦&#8221;是邓小平留下的遗产,前总理温家宝也曾表示&#8220;韬光养晦,有所作为,起码要管100年&#8221;。</p><h2>批强硬派</h2><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">吴建民因其批评所谓&#8220;民粹&#8221;和狭隘的民族主义立场而被贴上&#8220;温和派&#8221;和&#8220;鸽派&#8221;的标签。吴建民因为在外交政策辩论中面对中国国内的所谓&#8220;强硬派&#8221;和&#8220;鹰派&#8221;针锋相对,而成为媒体关注的公众人物。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">吴建民曾经同中国军方著名的战略学者罗援激烈辩论受到舆论关注。罗援少将认为军人都应该是&#8220;鹰派&#8221;,吴建民指罗援宣扬战争论&#8220;犯了时代性的错误&#8221;,&#8220;谁高举战争的旗帜,谁就会碰得头破血流&#8221;。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">今年吴建民在博鳌论坛上讲到南海局势时认为南海紧张局势被夸大,主张&#8220;要沉住气、全面看、有信心&#8221;。他再次强调处理南海问题要坚持邓小平80年代提出的&#8220;主权归我、搁置争议、共同开发的方针&#8221;。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">吴建民在去年六月曾接受BBC节目HardTalk访问。他在节目中上说中国不是超级大国,只希望保护自己的利益,并不想在南海称霸。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">吴建民车祸身亡的消息传出后,吴建民曾经的辩论对手罗援少将在社交媒体发言说,&#8220;惊闻吴建民大使不幸车祸辞世,深切哀悼!祝一路走好!&#8221;</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">另外一位同吴建民有过观点交锋的《环球时报》总编胡锡进也在社交媒体对吴建民去世的消息表示震惊。胡锡进说&#8220;吴大使与我有过论争,然而我相信,多元观点并存是中国社会最宝贵的正元素之一。&#8221;</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">今年4月,吴建民曾经批评《环球时报》是&#8220;战争与革命的惯性思维&#8221;的典型,想法极端,还批评胡锡进&#8220;没有把握大局&#8221;。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">胡锡进反驳说吴建民代表了&#8220;中国旧外交官的思维方式&#8221;,认为&#8220;只有他们懂外交,而且应当由他们完全主导外交,媒体插嘴完全是添乱,是民族主义的祸源&#8221;。</p><h2>翻译出身</h2><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">吴建民1939年3月30日出生在重庆,他在1959年从北京外国语学院法语系毕业后进入外交界。他曾为毛泽东、周恩来、陈毅等国家领导人当过翻译。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">吴建民曾经回忆1965年第一次近距离接触毛泽东的经历。当时吴建民有点紧张,毛泽东和他开了玩笑缓和气氛。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">毛泽东问他叫什么名字,吴建民说:我姓吴,口天吴,建世的建,人民的民,我叫吴建民。毛主席看看说,你这个国家早就亡掉了。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">据吴建民理解,毛泽东是指春秋战国的吴国,吴国公元前473年灭亡;三国时期的吴国在公元280年也被灭亡。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">吴建民还在回忆中对比了中国前领导人。他说在中南海江泽民曾经问周围人,&#8220;为什么邓小平提改革开放,而毛泽东没提?江说,就因为见识不同。&#8221;吴建民解释说,毛泽东一生只去过苏联,邓小平不同,16岁到法国,21岁回国,在法国待了六年。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">70年代初,吴建民在中国恢复在联合国的合法席位后成为常驻联合国的第一批工作人员。除担任过驻法大使外,吴建民还曾担任过驻荷兰大使、外交部新闻发言人、外交学院院长等职务。</p></div>


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