知識分子羣體是共産主義制度的掘墓人

<p><strong><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></strong></p> <p><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <p style="text-indent:24.0pt">1989-1991<span style="font-family: SimSun;">年</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">,</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">歐洲發生了反對共産主義的革命</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">(</span>Антикоммунистические революции<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">),東歐各社會主義國家和蘇聯</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">先後摒棄了</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">社會主義,</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">完成了國家的民主變革</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">。</span><sup>1</sup></p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt"><span>&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">早</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">在十九世紀俄國思想家赫爾岑</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">(</span>А.И.Герцен<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">)</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">就預見到</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&#8220;</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">社會主義發展到最後階段達到荒謬的程度</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">,</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">這時少數革命者將發出否定的呐喊</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">,</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">又開始了殊死的鬥争</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">,</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">在這塲鬥争中社會主義將處於今天的保守主義的地位</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">,</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">而為將來的我們現在還不知道的革命所戰勝。</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&#8221;</span><sup>1</sup></p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt"><span>&nbsp; &nbsp;這個&#8220;還不知道的革命&#8221;,就是知識分子羣體埋葬共産主義制度的民主革命。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">六十年代初</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">,我</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">和朋友們</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">討論</span>知識分子羣體埋葬共産主義制度<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">這個問題時,我們引入一個居民文明指數的概念,所謂居民文明指數(</span>resident civilization index<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">)就是具有大學文化程度的人數占人口總數的百分比(</span>%<span style="font-family: SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">)。但是居民文明指數多大,知識分子羣體才可能成為共産主義制度的掘墓人,當時無法預知預測。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp; </p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt">&nbsp;<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">三十年後,歷史讓我們看到了社會主義國家的民主革命進程中居民文明指數的作用。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&nbsp; 1989</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">年</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">6</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">月</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">4</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">日,鄧小平調集的</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">20</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">萬戒嚴部隊進北京</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"> &#8220;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">平暴</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&#8221;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">,用坦克和機槍將學生的民主運動鎮壓下去。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">同一天,也是</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">1989</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">年</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">6</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">月</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">4</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">日,根據波蘭統一工人黨(共産黨)與反對派團結工會達成的協議,波蘭人民舉行議會選舉。團結工會在衆議院</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">161</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">個自由選舉産生的席位中獲得</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">160</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">席,在參議院</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">100</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">個席位中獲得</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">92</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">席,大獲全勝。</span><sup><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">2</span></sup></p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">同是</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">6</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">月</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">4</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">日,中國民衆的民主訴求遭到鎮壓,而波蘭人的民主訴求却通過選舉得以實現。這是因為</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">1988</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">年,波蘭的居民文明指數為</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">7<strong>.</strong>9%</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">;而中國</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">1990</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">年這一數據僅為</span>0.83%<span style="font-size: 13pt;">*</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">,中國居民的文明程度比波蘭至少落後二十年,相當一部分軍隊官兵在政治上是愚昧的,服從了平暴命令。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1989</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">年</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">12</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">月</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">17</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">日,羅馬尼亞爆發民主运動,</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">21</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">日,羅馬尼亞總統齊奥塞斯庫(</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">Nicolae Ceauşescu</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">)命令國防部長瓦西里</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&#8226;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">米列亞(</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">Vasile Milea</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">)出兵鎮壓示威民衆。米列亞對政治局說:</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&#8220;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">我查閲了所有軍事條令,没有一節條文説人民軍隊可以向人民開槍</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&#8230;&#8230;&#8221;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">米列亞被安全部特工處死。</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 22</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">日,齊奥塞斯庫任命維克多</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&#8226;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">斯坦庫列斯庫(</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">Victor Stănculescu</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">)為國防部長,齊奥塞斯庫乘直升飛饥逃走後,他未執行戒嚴令,反而命令軍隊返回軍營;有一部分軍隊還參加了起義行列,與忠於齊奥塞斯庫的安全部隊戰鬥,推翻了齊奥塞斯庫的共産黨政權。</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 12</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">月</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">25</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">日下午,國防部長維克多</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&#8226;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">斯坦庫列斯庫为首的特别軍事法庭以齊奥塞斯庫夫婦犯有危害羅馬尼亞民族罪、武力攻擊人民罪、破壞國家法律和國民經濟罪,判處二人死刑,立即執行。</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">齊奥塞斯庫</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">1918</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">年生于農民家庭,只受過初等教育,</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">15</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">歲在一家小鞋厂學徒,</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">1932</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">年,加入羅馬尼亞共産主義青年團。</span><sup><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">3</span></sup><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">鄧小平</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">1904</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">年出生,</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">15</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">歲時鄧小平離家到重慶留法預備學校學習</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">18</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">個月,</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">1920</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">年</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">10</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">月到法國勤工儉學。他在法國實際上只勤工没儉學,他學過鉗工、做過飯館招待、火車司機副手、制膠鞋工人。</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">1926</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">年</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">1</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">月,鄧小平離開法國,進入莫斯科中山大學學習,</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">9</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">月回國。</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">鄧小平和齊奥塞斯庫經歷大致相同,都没受過完整的良好教育,對</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">1989</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">年的事件都命令軍隊</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&#8220;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">平暴</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&#8221;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">。鄧小平</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&#8220;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">平暴</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&#8221;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">成功,齊奥塞斯庫鎮壓失敗被殺。這是因為</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">1992</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">年羅馬尼亞的居民文明指數是</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">6<strong>.</strong>9%</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">,人民的文明程度逺比中國人民的文明程度高,軍隊不盲目地聽從最高統治者屠殺人民的命令。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">蘇聯斯大林分子八</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&#8226; </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">一九反民主政變失敗。</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><br /> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1991</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">年</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">7</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">月</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;"> 23</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">日,蘇聯總統和各共和國領導人最終通過《主權國家聯盟條約》,這將使原蘇聯一些高官失去現有職務。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 8</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">月</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">17</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">日,這些高官密謀</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&#8220;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">阻止蘇聯解體</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&#8221;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">。</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">8</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">月</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">18</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">日晚,國防委員會第一副主席巴克拉諾夫(</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">О.Д. Бакланов</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">)、國家安全委員會主席</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">В. А. </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">克留奇科夫(</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">В.А.Крючков</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">)、總理巴甫洛夫(</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">В.С.Павлов</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">)、内務部長普哥(</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">Б.K.Пуго</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">)、農民聯盟主席斯塔羅杜勃采夫</span> <span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">(</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">В.А.Стародубцев</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">)、國營企業聯合會主席季加科夫(</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">А.И.Тизяков</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">)、國防部長亞左夫(</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">Д.Т.Язов</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">)和副總統亞納耶夫(</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">Г.И.Янаев</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">)等八人成立國家緊急狀態委員會,亞納耶夫簽署了自己擔任總統職務的命令,宣佈:《蘇聯個别地區》從</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">19</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">日早晨</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">4</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">點進入緊急狀態。三天後,</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">8</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">月</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">22</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">日蘇聨緊急状態委員會自行崩潰。</span><sup><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></sup><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">這是因官兵的文明程度高,拒不執行反民主的戒嚴命令。</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">1989</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">年蘇聨居民文明指數是</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">14.1%</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-size:10.5pt">1990</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">年</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">1</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">月</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt">20</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">日,南共聯盟召開第十四次代表大會。各共和國間的利益衝突無法解决。</span><sup><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></sup><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">大會於</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt">23</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">日决定休會。各共和國紛紛宣佈獨立,放弃共産主義,更改黨的名稱。南斯拉夫共産主義者聯盟解體。</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">1981</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">年,南斯拉夫的居民文明指數就已達到</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">6.8%</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">歐洲社會主義國家發生民主革命時的居民文明指數(</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">%</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">)</span><sup><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">6</span></sup><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">國家</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">年份</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">成年人</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">*</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">,萬</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">大學</span>&nbsp;<span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">%</span></p> <div align="center"> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="372" style="border-collapse:collapse;"> <tbody><tr style="height:12.0pt"> <td width="133" valign="bottom" style="width:99.75pt;padding:.75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; height:12.0pt"> <p><strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">保加利亞</span></strong><strong></strong></p> </td> <td width="60" valign="bottom" style="width: 45pt; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 1pt solid black; padding: 0.75pt 0.75pt 0in; height: 12pt;"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">1992</span></strong></p> </td> <td width="101" valign="bottom" style="width: 75.45pt; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 1pt solid black; padding: 0.75pt 0.75pt 0in; height: 12pt;"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">565</span></strong></p> </td> <td width="79" valign="bottom" style="width:59.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: solid black 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:.75pt .75pt 0in .75pt;height:12.0pt"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">15.0</span></strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:12.0pt"> <td width="133" valign="bottom" style="width:99.75pt;padding:.75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; height:12.0pt"> <p><strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">羅馬尼亞</span></strong><strong></strong></p> </td> <td width="60" valign="bottom" style="width: 45pt; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 1pt solid black; padding: 0.75pt 0.75pt 0in; height: 12pt;"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">1992</span></strong></p> </td> <td width="101" valign="bottom" style="width: 75.45pt; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 1pt solid black; padding: 0.75pt 0.75pt 0in; height: 12pt;"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">1360</span></strong></p> </td> <td width="79" valign="bottom" style="width:59.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: solid black 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:.75pt .75pt 0in .75pt;height:12.0pt"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">6.9</span></strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:12.0pt"> <td width="133" valign="bottom" style="width:99.75pt;padding:.75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; height:12.0pt"> <p><strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">捷克斯拉伐克</span></strong></p> </td> <td width="60" valign="bottom" style="width: 45pt; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 1pt solid black; padding: 0.75pt 0.75pt 0in; height: 12pt;"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">1991</span></strong></p> </td> <td width="101" valign="bottom" style="width: 75.45pt; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 1pt solid black; padding: 0.75pt 0.75pt 0in; height: 12pt;"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">658</span></strong></p> </td> <td width="79" valign="bottom" style="width:59.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: solid black 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:.75pt .75pt 0in .75pt;height:12.0pt"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">8.5</span></strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:12.0pt"> <td width="133" valign="bottom" style="width:99.75pt;padding:.75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; height:12.0pt"> <p><strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">匈</span></strong><strong> </strong><strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">牙</span></strong><strong> </strong><strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">利</span></strong><strong></strong></p> </td> <td width="60" valign="bottom" style="width: 45pt; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 1pt solid black; padding: 0.75pt 0.75pt 0in; height: 12pt;"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">1990</span></strong></p> </td> <td width="101" valign="bottom" style="width: 75.45pt; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 1pt solid black; padding: 0.75pt 0.75pt 0in; height: 12pt;"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">680</span></strong></p> </td> <td width="79" valign="bottom" style="width:59.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: solid black 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:.75pt .75pt 0in .75pt;height:12.0pt"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">10.1</span></strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:12.0pt"> <td width="133" valign="bottom" style="width:99.75pt;padding:.75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; height:12.0pt"> <p><strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">蘇</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">聨</span></strong><strong></strong></p> </td> <td width="60" valign="bottom" style="width: 45pt; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 1pt solid black; padding: 0.75pt 0.75pt 0in; height: 12pt;"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">1989</span></strong></p> </td> <td width="101" valign="bottom" style="width: 75.45pt; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 1pt solid black; padding: 0.75pt 0.75pt 0in; height: 12pt;"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">8602</span></strong></p> </td> <td width="79" valign="bottom" style="width:59.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: solid black 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:.75pt .75pt 0in .75pt;height:12.0pt"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">14.1</span></strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:12.0pt"> <td width="133" valign="bottom" style="width:99.75pt;padding:.75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; height:12.0pt"> <p><strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">波</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">蘭</span></strong><strong></strong></p> </td> <td width="60" valign="bottom" style="width: 45pt; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 1pt solid black; padding: 0.75pt 0.75pt 0in; height: 12pt;"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">1988</span></strong></p> </td> <td width="101" valign="bottom" style="width: 75.45pt; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 1pt solid black; padding: 0.75pt 0.75pt 0in; height: 12pt;"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">2299</span></strong></p> </td> <td width="79" valign="bottom" style="width:59.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: solid black 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:.75pt .75pt 0in .75pt;height:12.0pt"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">7.9</span></strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:12.0pt"> <td width="133" valign="bottom" style="width:99.75pt;padding:.75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; height:12.0pt"> <p><strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">東</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">德</span></strong><strong></strong></p> </td> <td width="60" valign="bottom" style="width: 45pt; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 1pt solid black; padding: 0.75pt 0.75pt 0in; height: 12pt;"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">1981</span></strong></p> </td> <td width="101" valign="bottom" style="width: 75.45pt; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 1pt solid black; padding: 0.75pt 0.75pt 0in; height: 12pt;"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">1072</span></strong></p> </td> <td width="79" valign="bottom" style="width:59.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: solid black 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:.75pt .75pt 0in .75pt;height:12.0pt"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">17.3</span></strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:12.0pt"> <td width="133" valign="bottom" style="width:99.75pt;padding:.75pt .75pt 0in .75pt; height:12.0pt"> <p><strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">南斯拉夫</span></strong><strong></strong></p> </td> <td width="60" valign="bottom" style="width: 45pt; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 1pt solid black; padding: 0.75pt 0.75pt 0in; height: 12pt;"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">1981</span></strong></p> </td> <td width="101" valign="bottom" style="width: 75.45pt; border-top: none; border-right: none; border-bottom: none; border-left: 1pt solid black; padding: 0.75pt 0.75pt 0in; height: 12pt;"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">1308</span></strong></p> </td> <td width="79" valign="bottom" style="width:59.0pt;border-top:none;border-left: solid black 1.0pt;border-bottom:none;border-right:solid black 1.0pt; padding:.75pt .75pt 0in .75pt;height:12.0pt"> <p align="right"><strong><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">6.8</span></strong></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">*25</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">嵗和</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">25</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">嵗以上者</span></p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">從而可以得出結論:當社會主義國家的居民文明指數達到</span><strong><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:red;">7% </span></strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">以上時,民主革命就可能發生并取得勝利。</span></p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">居民文明指數達到</span>7.0%<span style="font-family: SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">是民主轉型的必要條件,但是要發生民主轉變,還需有一個催化條件,就是經濟領域出現問題。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">一、經濟失去活性,增長率低,例如蘇聯後期,增長率只有</span>2.5%<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">,不</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">能保証人民生活水平提高。</span><sup><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">7</span></sup></p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">二、物價上漲過高,例如</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">波蘭梅斯内爾(</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">Zbigniew Messner</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">)政府</span>1988<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">年</span>2<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">月</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">將零售價格提高</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">36% </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">,許多企業團結工會罷工抗議物價上漲。</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">9</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">月,梅斯内爾政府被迫辭職,</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">M</span><strong><em><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">.</span></em></strong><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">F</span><strong><em><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">.</span></em></strong><em> </em><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">拉科夫斯基(</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">M</span><em><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">.</span></em><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">F</span><em><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">.</span></em><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">Rakowski</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">)出任總理,採用國際貨幣基金會</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&#8220;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">穏定綱領</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&#8221;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">的標準措施</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&#9472;&#9472;</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">私有化、實施市場經濟、價格自由化、私人企業家和外國資本家自由投資和外滙流通合法化,開啓了民主化之門。</span><sup><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">2</span></sup></p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-family: SimSun;">三、經濟衰退乃至經濟危機,工人大批失業,例如</span>1986<span style="font-family: SimSun;">年,南共聯盟國内經濟形勢惡化。</span>1990<span style="font-family: SimSun;">年,失業工人超過工人總數的</span>20% <span style="font-family: SimSun;">,導致共和國之間的矛盾尖鋭化,</span>1992<span style="font-family: SimSun;">年</span>4<span style="font-family: SimSun;">月</span>28<span style="font-family: SimSun;">日,南斯拉夫社會主義聯邦共和國解體。</span><sup>8</sup></p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt"><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">&nbsp;社會主義實質上是黨僚(權貴)國家資本主義,黨僚們有權决定國家資本的投資方向,却不對資本負責。</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">社會主義國家</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">出現經濟衰退或經濟危機</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">是無法解决和避免的,因为</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: SimSun;">政治上一黨專政與市場經濟需要自由相矛盾,</span>&#8220;进步和自由&nbsp; <span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">不但</span>是孿生兄弟&#8221;,而且&#8220;生产发展還提高了对自由的需求&#8221;。所以只有&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-size: 10.5pt;">取消一黨專政才能解放經濟</span>。</p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp; 東歐社會主義國家和蘇聯在經濟領域裏都不期而遇地為社會的民主變革提供了催化條件。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt"><span>&nbsp;&nbsp; 歷史証明共産主義及其政黨是貧窮愚昧的産物</span><sup>a,b</sup>。共産黨取得政權後建立了一個以權勢和恐怖組織控制的一黨專政的權貴統治集團,它是寄生在社會的政治愚昧無知之上,是寄生在鎭壓的恐怖之上,它是靠謊言欺騙和暴力鎭壓(維穩)統治社會的。</p> <p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 隨着社會的發展,時代的進步,人們(包括共産黨員)廣泛受到現代化教育,文化水平和認知能力提高,政治上不再愚昧無知,不再受謊言欺騙,不再恐惧,不願再忍受共産黨統治集團的無限期敲剝,奮起維權,争取民主、自由和社會公正,因之共産主義政權失去了統治基礎而崩潰。&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></p> <p style="text-indent:12.0pt">&nbsp;&nbsp; </p> <p style="text-indent:24.0pt;line-height:12.0pt"><strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">結束語</span></strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">:蘇聯及東歐社會主義國家的歷史表明:共産黨及共産主義制度</span>&#8220;<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">生于愚昧,死于文明;生不可擋,死不可救</span>&#8221;<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">。</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: &quot;Verdana, Helvetica&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></p> <p>_______________________________________</p> <p><span style="font-size: 14pt;">*</span><span style="Arial\\, Tahoma\\, Helvetica\\, sans-&quot;;color:#333333;">1990</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Arial\\, Tahoma\\, Helvetica\\, sans-&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;Arial\\, Tahoma\\, Helvetica\\, sans-&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;color:#333333;">年全国人口为</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Arial\\, Tahoma\\, Helvetica\\, sans-&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#333333;">1160 017 381</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Arial\\, Tahoma\\, Helvetica\\, sans-&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;Arial\\, Tahoma\\, Helvetica\\, sans-&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;color:#333333;">人,具有大学(指大专以上)文化程度的人口</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Arial\\, Tahoma\\, Helvetica\\, sans-&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#333333;">16 124 678</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Arial\\, Tahoma\\, Helvetica\\, sans-&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;Arial\\, Tahoma\\, Helvetica\\, sans-&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;color:#333333;">人</span><span>,為全國人口的1.38% 。大學本科人數與專科人之比大約为6:4,因此大學本科文化程度人數約為全國人口人數的0.83%。</span>&nbsp;</p> <p style="line-height:12.0pt"><sup>a</sup><span style="font-family: SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">十月政變前</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">,</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">俄國成年居民</span>75%<span style="font-family: SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">以上是文盲。城市工人</span>40%<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">以上是</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">文盲,農村文盲達</span>80%<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">。塔吉克、土庫曼、吉爾吉斯、烏兹别克等少數民族中文盲都佔</span>98%<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">以上,還有</span>48<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">個民族没有自己的文字。</span><sup>9-a &nbsp;&nbsp;</sup><sup>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</sup><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">俄國</span>1914-1915<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">年,平均每一萬人中只有八名大學生,大學生在總人口中僅佔</span>0<strong>.</strong>08%<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">。</span><sup>9-b</sup></p> <p style="margin:0in;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><sup>b </sup>1949<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">年前,中國</span>90%<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">以上的人是文盲。</span><sup>10-a&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </sup><span style="font-family: SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">全國大約有各類知識分子(高中文化以上者)</span>200<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">萬人,僅佔全國總人口</span>5<strong>.</strong>4<span style="font-family: SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">億人</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">的</span>0<strong>.</strong> 37%<span style="font-family: SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">。</span><sup>10-b&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </sup>1931<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">年,中國共産黨在蘇聯支持下成立中華蘇維埃共和國,當時中國比</span>1949<span style="font-family: SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">年時更為貧窮與落後。</span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p><span>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">參考文獻</span></p> <p>1<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">.</span>Ю. С. Новопашин<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">,</span>Антикоммунистические революции конца ХХ века<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">,</span></p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Вопросы истории<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">,</span>2006<span style="font-family: SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">,</span>&#8470;9<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">,</span>87-98<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">;</span></p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span>Герцен А. И. Избранные философские &nbsp;произведения&nbsp; В 2-х томах Т.</span>II<span>. М. 1946 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; с.99</p> <p><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">2</span><span style="font-family: SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">.佚名:</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Linux Libertine&quot;;Linux Libertine&quot;;Verdana\\, Helvetica&quot;; color:blue;position:relative;top:-.5pt;">波蘭的天鵝绒革命</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: &quot;Linux Libertine&quot;;Verdana\\, Helvetica&quot;;color:blue; position:relative;top:-.5pt;">3</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Linux Libertine&quot;;Linux Libertine&quot;;Verdana\\, Helvetica&quot;; color:blue;position:relative;top:-.5pt;">.太陽史家:羅馬尼亞人民起義,共産黨解體</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: &quot;Linux Libertine&quot;;Verdana\\, Helvetica&quot;;color:#333333; position:relative;top:-.5pt;">4</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Linux Libertine&quot;;Linux Libertine&quot;;Verdana\\, Helvetica&quot;; color:#333333;position:relative;top:-.5pt;">.</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Linux Libertine&quot;;Verdana\\, Helvetica&quot;;color:#333333;position:relative;top:-.5pt;">Августовский путч</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: sans-serif;Verdana\\, Helvetica&quot;;color:#333333;position: relative;top:-.5pt;">5</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Verdana\\, Helvetica&quot;; color:#333333;position:relative;top:-.5pt;">.</span><span style="font-family:&quot;Linux Libertine&quot;;Verdana\\, Helvetica&quot;;color:#333333;position:relative;top:-.5pt;">Breakup of Yugoslavia/The Breakup of Yugoslavia, 1990&#8211;1992</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: &quot;Linux Libertine&quot;;Verdana\\, Helvetica&quot;;color:blue; position:relative;top:-.5pt;">6</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Linux Libertine&quot;;Linux Libertine&quot;;Verdana\\, Helvetica&quot;; color:blue;position:relative;top:-.5pt;">.</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">聯合國教科文組</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">織</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">《統計年鍳》</span><span style="font-family:&quot;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">1995</span><span style=" font-family:SimSun;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">年,</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">UNESCO </span>statistical yearbook <span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">(</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt">1995</span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">)</span></p> <p style="line-height:12.0pt"><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;">附録</span>3-16 <span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;">居民文化程度構成</span><strong> / </strong><a href="http://www.stats.gov.cn/ndsj/information/nj98n/Y161AC.htm"><strong>http://www.stats.gov.cn/ndsj/information/nj98n/Y161AC.htm</strong></a></p> <p style="line-height:12.0pt;"><span style="position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">7</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">.</span><span style="position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">Эпоха застоя</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: &quot;Linux Libertine&quot;; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">8</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">.</span><span style="font-family: &quot;Linux Libertine&quot;; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">Yugoslavia</span><span style="font-family: SimSun; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">:</span><span style="font-family: sans-serif; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">Ethnic tensions and economic crisis</span></p> <p>9<span style="font-family: SimSun; position: relative; top: -0.5pt;">.</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">張義德主編</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">《蘇聯現代史</span>1917-1945<span style="font-family:SimSun;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;;SimSun\\, 宋体&quot;">》</span><span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">,吉林文史出版社,</span>1988<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">年,</span>a-303<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">,</span></p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; b-310</p> <p>10<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">.林藴暉</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">范守信</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">張弓</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;;">《</span>1949-1989<span style="font-family: SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">年的中國》,(</span>1<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">)《凱歌行進的時期》</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">河</span></p> <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">南人民出版社</span> <span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">,</span>1989<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">年</span>12<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">月,</span>a-205<span style="font-family:SimSun;Liberation Serif&quot;;Liberation Serif&quot;">,</span>b-212-3</p>