云南男子被迫结扎措施脱节难解人口危机 – 纵览中国-China In Perspective

<figure style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; line-height: inherit; margin: 32px -54.2188px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; color: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img alt="胡正高绝育手术证明" src="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/660/cpsprodpb/106AF/production/_94674276_661ad15dgy1fcnrftcs3hj20qo0zkq8s.jpg" width="976" height="549" data-highest-encountered-width="660" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 645.781px; display: block;" /><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; color: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">图片版权<span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.14286; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; color: #ececec; letter-spacing: 0.25px; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">WEIBO<figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; color: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption<span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.33333; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; color: #ececec; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">胡正高在微博上传了绝育手术证明</figcaption></figure><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 28px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">中国云南有一男子称在二月初被地方官员强迫结扎，事件在社交媒体引起激烈讨论，政府部门亦介入事件开展调查。<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">事主是42岁的胡正高，他在微博公开自己的经历，引来很大回响。胡正高本身是云南省镇雄县罗坎镇人，离乡多年并已将户籍迁至四川。趁着春节期间，他同妻子跟小孩回乡。<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2月8日晚上，十多名声称“镇政府”的人把他带到乡政府一个办公室，指他超生，需要接受结扎手术。有人跟他说，如果不愿结扎，就缴交两万元的保证金。不过，这十多人都没有表明身份、隶属那个单位。<h2>“迫不得已”</h2><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">胡正高与前妻育有三名孩子，法院判决胡正高带其中一个。根据胡正高的说法，他已经缴清超生罚款，而前妻也已经接受结扎手术。离婚后，他把户籍迁至四川宜宾。他随后结识现任妻子，两年前生下一子。<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">胡正高认为自己已经缴付超生罚款，而且户籍也已经不在云南镇雄，所以拒绝接受结扎手术及缴付保证金。<figure style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6449px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; color: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/4747/production/_94674281_661ad15dgy1fcnrftrmuij20qo0zkwh2.jpg" datasrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/4747/production/_94674281_661ad15dgy1fcnrftrmuij20qo0zkwh2.jpg" alt="胡正高伤痕" width="976" height="549" data-highest-encountered-width="624" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 616.207px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in; display: block;" /><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; color: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">图片版权<span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.14286; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; color: #ececec; letter-spacing: 0.25px; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">WEIBO<figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; color: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption<span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.33333; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; color: #ececec; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">胡正高上传照片，称有“镇政府”人员因他拒绝进行结扎而殴打他</figcaption></figure><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">根据胡正高自述，十多名工作人员摁住他，其中两人更“殴打和推搡”他。胡正高在微博上传照片中看到，他的脖子有伤痕。后来，民警来到办公室，警员叫他配合工作人员的工作，没有受理他的投诉，并带走他的妻子及小孩。<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">由于担心妻儿的安危，胡正高“迫不得已”只能接受结扎手术。<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">官方说法不一<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">云南省卫生和计划生育委员会周二（2月14日）在官方网站发布，已责令昭通市卫生计生委对胡正高一事进行调查，并已经派出人员前往镇雄县。<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">不过，镇雄外宣办对《澎湃新闻》指，胡正高同意接受结扎手术，并没有强制、威胁、打骂等行为。<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">另外，镇雄外宣办指胡正高两任妻子都是镇雄县罗坎镇人，而胡正高户口在2013年9月迁出。<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">胡正高对《新京报》说，自己不要求政府赔偿跟道歉，但希望官方能够承认事实。<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">专家：地方官员“转不过来”<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">长期关注中国人口政策、现任教美国威斯康辛大学麦迪逊分校的易富贤接受BBC中文网时说，虽然中国在2015年开放二胎政策，强迫进行节育手术──包括结扎──仍然发生。<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">易富贤说：“总体来说，比较落后的地区，地方政府的执法手段也比较粗暴。在北京、上海的话有舆论监督。”<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">人口专家、中国与全球化智库特邀高级研究员黄文政对BBC中文网说，尤其在2016年初修改人口与计划生育法后，育龄夫妻可以自主选择计划生育避孕节育措施，强迫结扎这件事情非常荒谬。<figure style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6449px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; color: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/9567/production/_94674283_gettyimages-479099352.jpg" datasrc="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/9567/production/_94674283_gettyimages-479099352.jpg" alt="中国小孩子" width="976" height="549" data-highest-encountered-width="624" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 616.207px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in; display: block;" /><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; color: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">图片版权<span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.14286; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; color: #ececec; letter-spacing: 0.25px; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">GETTY IMAGES<figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; color: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption<span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.33333; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; color: #ececec; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">低生育率令中国未来很有可能面临人口危机</figcaption></figure><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">黄文政认为，中央政府已经意识到亟需解决未来的人口危机，正在往鼓励生育的方向走，但地方管制的“惯性思维”与人口状况、社会发展脱节。<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">“现在依然还是在强调计划生育政策，还是在进行生育限制，这是个大的方向问题，本身它并没有完全放开，使得下面还在延续原来非常错误的政策。”<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">农村计生人员执法粗暴，黄文政认为是一个系统的问题。“他们有很多指标，可能说是你这个地方，计划生育先进的话，每年要结扎多少、要达标多少。这样的话，就使得下面这些基层行政人员有很强烈的动机去完成这些指标。”<h2>网友：对女性不公　</h2><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">胡正高的遭遇，令不少网民批评地方人员执法手段。但不少社交媒体用户矛头指向对女性的不公。有人说，男性被强行结扎引起这么大的轰动，但女性在计划生育底下受的苦却乏人关注。<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">一名“不名则已_”的微博用户说：“计划生育多少女人被强迫流产，为了给孩子上户口，强制上环，我们母亲辈的人几十年忍受着异物带来的痛苦，有哪个男人为此给女人维权，抗争过吗？现在被结扎了一个已有4个孩子的男人而已，有什么问题吗？有值得大惊小怪的吗？有值得这样高声呐喊的吗？”<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">她的留言获得一万多个赞好。<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">根据《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》，2014年中国共进行超过2400万宗计划生育手术，其中包括放置节育器、取出节育器、输精管结扎、输卵管结扎及人工流产。<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">输精管结扎有逾18万宗，占0.75%。放置节育器和人工流产各占35.1%及39.8%。<h2>废除计划生育</h2><figure style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6449px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; color: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/16479/production/_94675219_gettyimages-539779326-1.jpg" datasrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/16479/production/_94675219_gettyimages-539779326-1.jpg" alt="北京老人" width="976" height="549" data-highest-encountered-width="624" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 616.207px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in; display: block;" /><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; color: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">图片版权<span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.14286; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; color: #ececec; letter-spacing: 0.25px; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">GETTY IMAGES<figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; color: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption<span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.33333; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; color: #ececec; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">中国面对人口老化的问题</figcaption></figure><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">去年中国有1786万婴儿出生，超过45%是二孩或二孩以上，比起2015年增加7.9%。不过，专家认为全面废除计划生育才能解决未来的人口危机。<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">黄文政认为，放开二胎对刺激人口增长有一定作用，但效果可能只能维持两三年。<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">之前育龄妇女想要二孩的，会累积在“开放二胎”政策推行初期再生育。但过后，中国人口还是很有可能出现萎缩。<p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">黄文政说：”强制性计划生育早就应该退出历史舞台了，它甚至从来都没有必要，也不应该有。”