朝鲜半岛剑拔弩张 蒂勒森访华备受瞩目

<figure style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; line-height: inherit; margin: 32px -54.2188px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; color: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img alt="美国国务卿蒂勒森在韩国访问过三八线非军事区" src="http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/660/cpsprodpb/DC28/production/_95206365_f2d5e324-fbbf-44cd-8410-4715710c0ebc.jpg" width="976" height="549" data-highest-encountered-width="660" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 645.781px; display: block;" /><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; color: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">图片版权</span><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.14286; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; color: #ececec; letter-spacing: 0.25px; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">REUTERS</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; color: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.33333; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; color: #ececec; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">美国国务卿蒂勒森(右)访问韩国访问过三八线非军事区后说,美国对拥核的朝鲜已经失去了"战略忍耐"。</span></figcaption></figure><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 28px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">美国国务卿蒂勒森周五在韩国访问三八线非军事区后说,美国对拥核的朝鲜已经失去"战略忍耐"。此前中国强化了对朝鲜半岛局势的立场,要双方克制、刹车。</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">蒂勒森周六将访问北京,届时会向中国施加压力,要求中国做出更多努力。据料,蒂勒森在访问中会与中国最高领导人习近平会见。</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">蒂勒森周五的强硬表态,标志着美国立场已经脱离了奥巴马领导上届政府的立场,当时美国政府在朝鲜没有去核前不与朝鲜接触,希望朝鲜被孤立后,内部紧张将促发变化。</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">蒂勒森周四在东京说,20年来要朝鲜非核化的努力已经"失败",现在需要新办法。据说,这反映了美国大部分专家的看法,但这个看法之前很少被公开表达过。</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">这次蒂勒森在同韩国外交部长一起举行的记者会上说,"战略忍耐的政策已经结束","我们在探索新的外交、安全、经济措施选项,所有选项我们都考虑。"</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">他对记者说,"当然我们不希望走到军事冲突那一步,但是如果他们(朝鲜)把武器计划的威胁提升到一定程度,我们认为那就需要采取行动,那时候会考虑所有选项。"</p><h2>朝美剑拔弩张</h2><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1950-53年的朝鲜战争发生在美国总统杜鲁门时期。在美军越过三八线逼近中朝边界时,中国军队秘密入朝参战。</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">战争初期美军失利的情况下,美军统帅麦克阿瑟提议动用核武器并且直接进攻中国,但杜鲁门总统不允许麦克阿瑟将战争升级,后来撤换了麦克阿瑟。</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">朝鲜战争最终以在三八线签署停战协议结束,但是交战方并没有达成和平条约,因此从严格意义上讲,战争并没有完全结束。</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1976年在美国福特总统时期,南北朝鲜交界的三八线发生了"板门店事件",即斧头杀人事件。当时有两名美军军官被斧头砍死。</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">美军死亡事件导致朝鲜半岛局势紧张,福特总统下令执行所谓"保罗&#183;班扬"行动,对朝鲜显示武力。</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">当时驻韩美军进入戒备状态,美军从美国本土调遣了数十架可携带核武器的战机,包括&#8220;中途岛&#8221;号航空母舰在内的大批军舰进入日本海,并且计划在冲突中使用战术核武器。</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">后来,美国总统克林顿在1994年曾经考虑过对朝鲜实施先发制人的打击,但后来加强了同朝鲜接触。</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">与朝鲜接触的政策在2002年被放弃,当时美国总统小布什在国情咨文讲话中将朝鲜称作"邪恶轴心"。</p><figure style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6449px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; color: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/11466/production/_94885707_6d4e1d96-cbcb-470d-91c3-44090f8db1c9.jpg" datasrc="http://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/11466/production/_94885707_6d4e1d96-cbcb-470d-91c3-44090f8db1c9.jpg" alt="萨德反导导弹车" width="976" height="549" data-highest-encountered-width="624" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 616.207px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in; display: block;" /><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; color: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">图片版权</span><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.14286; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; color: #ececec; letter-spacing: 0.25px; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">REUTERS</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; color: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.33333; font-family: inherit; border: 0px; color: #ececec; letter-spacing: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">中国对美国在韩国部署&#8220;萨德&#8221;反导系统十分不满,并且警告说"由此产生的一切后果由美韩承担。"</span></figcaption></figure><h2>特朗普的政策?</h2><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">不过特朗普政府面对朝鲜究竟会采取何种政策,目前还不明朗。</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">特朗普在竞选期间曾经说过,会考虑与朝鲜领导人金正恩直接会晤,还说最好在吃汉堡的时候交谈。</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">但是特朗普还暗示会采取更好战的姿态,或者把焦点对准中国这个朝鲜最大的贸易伙伴和盟友,向北京施加更大的压力。</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">在东京驻扎的大批美军目前已经在朝鲜的导弹射程之内,蒂勒森在东京强调美国目前正在检讨对朝鲜的政策。</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">他们会考虑华盛顿手中可利用的所有外交手段的利弊,美国除了会考虑以谈判为基础的外交行动,也会考虑先发制人打击朝鲜的核设施,以及对朝鲜领导人发动精确打击&#8230;&#8230;</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">但就目前来说,美朝关系大致仍然在奥巴马政府设定的轨迹上运作,即美国侧重于通过加强同地区盟友的关系对朝鲜施加压力,这包括加强对朝鲜的经济制裁。</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">目前,美国和韩国正在进行有史以来规模最大的联合军事演习,朝鲜一直认为这种演习就是演练入侵朝鲜。与此同时,朝鲜上周向日本海发生了4枚弹道导弹示威。</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">之前中国重提了一个之前私下提出过的建议,呼吁朝鲜暂停其核计划和导弹计划,作为交换,美韩暂停他们的年度军事演习。</p><p style="font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; font-family: inherit; margin-top: 18px; color: #404040; letter-spacing: inherit; border: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">但是这个建议遭到特朗普政府拒绝,美国认为双方各退一步等于是奖励朝鲜,朝鲜应该遵守被它长期不理睬的联合国决议。</p>