观察:美国之音断播争议涉及间谍话题

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vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">TWITTER</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">美国之音节目主持人龚小夏(左)和东方(右)视频直播采访郭文贵,节目被迫中断。</span></figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 28px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">4月19日美国之音对富商解密者郭文贵直播采访突然被掐令美国之音成为争论焦点,因此而被停职的主持人龚小夏5月23日在《华尔街日报》上撰文说中国政府施压导致美国之音停播。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">她在题为"中国如何压制美国之音"的文章中说,郭文贵本来打算向美国之音观众揭露中国高层腐败以及中国安全部门在海外的间谍活动和影响。</p><div>&nbsp;</div><div><span style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit;">美国之音高层决定允许中文部做不超过15分钟的直播节目。最终节目直播进行超过了一小时后,直播被华盛顿掐断。</span></div><h2>间谍渗透?</h2><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">直播采访突然中断严重损害了美国之音在中国受众中的声誉和可信度,也激起许多中国网民的愤怒反应。批评除了指美国之音违反了言论自由和新闻自由外,许多人认为断播事件暴露了美国之音受到中共渗透。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">许多人甚至要求揪出美国之音的中国特务。中共渗透美国之音的说法也得到了郭文贵视频的回应和支持。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">最近(4月23日)美国专栏作者和揭秘记者格茨在新闻网站"华盛顿自由灯塔"撰文指出中国干预美国之音,阻挠郭文贵在美国之音上揭露中国的间谍秘密。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">作者认为,郭文贵手中关于中国间谍行动的资料对于美国情报机构来说是梦寐以求的东西,因为他能接触到中国国家安全部在海外和美国的活动情况。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">文章说,郭文贵在社交媒体揭露中国国家安全部同像他一样的富商合作,他们为安全部门进行情报活动并提供资助。例如在美国这些中国情报部门的代理人利用私人调查机构搜集中国高官下一代在海外的不动产和商业活动情况。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">他认为,郭文贵的两个被拘禁的哥哥获释,最近他的妻女也获准离开中国去纽约同他团聚,这都说明中国当局显然想阻止郭文贵爆料。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">郭文贵自己也说中国政府利用他的家人对他施加压力,要他停止爆料,并且迫使他返回中国。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">格茨说,国会参院外交委员会和众院外交事务委员会一直在关注此事的发展。众院委员会的一名发言人说,"外交事务委员会关注到此事,正在追踪进展。但似乎这更像是个美国之音需要改革的问题。"</p><figure style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/14B47/production/_95770848_70f72e92-039c-414f-b8b8-e7fa688e17b6.jpg" datasrc="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/14B47/production/_95770848_70f72e92-039c-414f-b8b8-e7fa688e17b6.jpg" alt="郭文贵" width="976" height="549" data-highest-encountered-width="624" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 616.203px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in; display: block;" /><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">图片版权</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1.14286; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">BBC CHINESE</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">中共渗透美国之音的说法也得到了郭文贵视频的回应和支持</span></figcaption></figure><h2>动机复杂</h2><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">5月14日纽约时报报道说,自2010年以来北京有系统地清除了中情局在中国的行动网络,令美国情报界蒙受了数十年来最大的损失。报道说,多达20名美国在中国的线人或被处决,或被逮捕监禁。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">中国官方没有对美国间谍网被破获的消息作任何评论。报道说,美国在华间谍活动遭到数十年最惨重的损失,这个消息是否属实?虽然没有得到佐证的消息未必不真实,但也不能排除其他可能。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">安全情报机构可能和国防机构一样,夸大对手的威胁通常是争取经费拨款的有力借口,美国和中国应该也不会例外。特别是当中国不断扩大国际影响力的时候,"中国威胁论"以及中国的网络间谍活动威胁越来越频繁地成为媒体报道的头条消息。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">但也常有学者和评论人士提醒不要夸大来自中国的威胁。例如美国前情报官员,加拿大学者林赛就提醒美国决策者不要夸大来自中国的网络威胁。华盛顿尼克松中心的德鲁&#8226;汤普森认为中国军事力量虽然在增长,但不足以令美国做出惊慌反应。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">美国总统特朗普就任以来一直和情报界明争暗斗,一直不能摆脱不利于总统的泄密的困扰和媒体的批评报道。最近英国曼城爆炸袭击的细节也被泄露到美国媒体,令英国政府不满。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">一种解释是,美国警方和司法部门在办案中相比英国更加公开透明,另一种解释是在特朗普主政时期,美国情报机构泄密可能是为了让特朗普难堪。</p><p style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">美国之音断播事件发生后,在诸多媒体报道中,美国之音高层负责人一直被贴上奥巴马政府任命人物的标签。《纽约时报》记者傅才德认为《华尔街日报》刊登龚小夏的一面之辞有失稳妥,认为美国之音高层受到了不公平的对待。</p></div>