<h1><br /></h1><div property="articleBody" style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px 53.7656px 0px auto; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;"><figure style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 32px -54.2188px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img alt="中国外长王毅6月13日在北京与巴拿马副总统兼外长德圣马洛签署了两国建交的联合公报。" src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/660/cpsprodpb/146DB/production/_96457638_hi040028491.jpg" width="1024" height="678" data-highest-encountered-width="660" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 645.781px; display: block;" /><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">图片版权</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1.14286; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">REUTERS</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">中国外长王毅6月13日在北京与巴拿马副总统兼外长德圣马洛签署了两国建交的联合公报。</span></figcaption></figure><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 28px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">巴拿马总统巴雷拉在当地时间12日傍晚八时（台北时间13日早晨九时）透过全国广播电视联播宣布，即日起正式承认中华人民共和国為中国的唯一合法政权，从而结束与台湾的中华民国超过一个世纪的外交关系。</p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">这位中美洲运河国家的总统胡安·卡洛斯·巴雷拉（Juan Carlos Varela）说，中华人民共和国是联合国承认代表所有中国人的政府，中国是巴拿马运河第二大使用国，并在巴拿马物流、营建、电信，均扮演要角。</p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">巴雷拉说，他深信“对巴拿马而言，中国才是正确的国家”，与中国建交将开启一个充满机遇的新时代.。</p><div><font face="Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, Microsoft YaHei, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, WenQuanYi Micro Hei, sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 16px;"><br /></span></font></div><div> </div><div><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit;">一小时后，巴拿马国营电视台SERTV转播中国外长王毅与巴拿马副总统兼外长德圣马洛在北京签署建交公报后的记者会。巴拿马宣布与台湾断交并不保留包括农技团与教师交换学生。</span></div><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">巴拿马外交部向包括BBC在内的国际媒体证实，中国承诺接受目前在台湾约200名巴拿马奖学金学生，提共相同数额福利。</p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">自此台湾全部邦交国减至20国，在拉丁美洲与加勒比海的邦交国降为11国。</p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">建交过程</strong><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">有何</strong><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">坎坷</strong><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">？</strong></p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1970年在台湾的中华民国自被逐出联合国后，迄今已失去了拉丁美洲三分之二国家的外交承认。1994年台湾前总统李登辉对拉美及加勒比海地区国家开展支票外交，在炙烈的外交争夺战中虽然促成伯利兹圣卢西亚重返台湾的怀抱，但也在2007年6月7日失去了建交长达63年的哥斯达黎加。</p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">巴拿马与北京建交过程坎坷，1964年发生巴拿马学生冲入美属运河区插旗事件，遭运河区美国警察开枪镇压造成死伤后，当时毛泽东主席曾下令发动支持巴拿马恢復运河主权的游行。</p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1968年军事政变执政的奥玛尔·托里霍斯（Omar Torrijos）上校开始与北京的接触，中国驻联合国代表黄华也藉1975年在巴拿马城召开的联合国会议到访，促成新华社开设巴拿马分社，正式建立北京与巴拿马官方接触的窗口。</p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">随著巴美在1977年签署托里霍斯卡特运河条约或称巴美条约，美方同意在1999年12月31日完成将其开凿并在1914年通行的巴拿马运河。不料托里霍斯在1983年率团出访中国前夕，却因小飞机失事陨命，其死因至今仍是一个谜。</p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">香港</strong><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">主权移交</strong><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">为中巴建交铺路</strong><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">？</strong></p><figure style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/6063/production/_96457642_hi039931090.jpg" datasrc="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/6063/production/_96457642_hi039931090.jpg" alt="巴雷拉总统宣布与中国建交前两天，亲自为这位于大西洋岸长荣码头隔邻的岚桥集团港埠工程奠基，还宣布中方承诺将投入7.5亿美元建设并创造大量就业机会。" width="1024" height="678" data-highest-encountered-width="624" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 616.203px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in; display: block;" /><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">图片版权</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.875rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: 0.25px; line-height: 1.14286; margin: 0px; padding: 3px 8px 1px; vertical-align: baseline; text-transform: uppercase; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); bottom: 0px; position: absolute; right: 0px;">EPA</span></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">巴雷拉总统宣布与中国建交前两天，亲自为这位于大西洋岸长荣码头隔邻的岚桥集团港埠工程奠基，还宣布中方承诺将投入7.5亿美元建设并创造大量就业机会。</span></figcaption></figure><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">中国前国务院总理赵紫阳与英国前首相撒切尔夫人分别作为中英代表，在1984年12月19日签订了《中英联合声明》，声明自1997年7月1日起，中华人民共和国恢复对香港行使主权。清末以来香港作為巴拿马在亚洲的主要贸易口岸，重要性不言而喻。</p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">北京提议巴拿马以贸易办事处为名，在香港及上海设立领事级外交单位，并在北京与巴拿马城互设准大使馆级别的办事处，从而为双方签证及悬挂权宜国籍船只登记提共了正式管道。</p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">由上月辞世的诺列加将军幕后掌权的民选政府，对香港主权移交后继续维持总领事馆与中国代表在巴拿马与巴黎进行长期咨询磋商，双方在1996年互设具有准外交功能的贸易办事处，由参赞级代表出任，去年升格為中国驻巴拿马代表处，具有实质大使馆事务功能。</p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">李登辉开启支票外交范例</strong></p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">1997年巴拿马召开运河环球会议，台湾前总统李登辉派出时任国安局长殷宗文前访谈判，虽促成李登辉率106人庞大代表团出访，但在北京杯葛下仅中美洲邦交国元首出席，台湾却付出了高达1.4亿美元的代价。</p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2000年台湾政权更迭，巴拿马押注台湾外交关系换取庞大的经济利益。当时执政的女总统更曾演出秘密出访北京却在中途墨西哥放话的戏码，被台湾劝回后换取将台湾援建医院转入私人基金会的庞大私人利益。</p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">2004年托里霍斯将军庶子马丁（Martín Torrijos Espino）继任总统，中巴双方在建交谈判上达成初步共识。马丁托里霍斯拒绝接见陈水扁特使钱复，时任外长的副总统赛姆尔路易斯在动身前往伦敦签署建交公报前消息外洩，媒体报导后取消建交谈判行程。</p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">建交有</strong><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">经济利益考量</strong><strong style="border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">吗？</strong></p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">巴拿马与中国建交，与巴雷拉2014年就任后国内经济滑坡有相当关连。位于大西洋岸拉丁美洲最大的科隆自由区进口与转出口数额连年以超过15%的比重下滑，旅馆空房率49%，物价却逆势上扬。</p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">巴拿马旅游局长古斯塔沃·伊姆（Gustavo Him）稍早前在中国建设承包的阿玛多尔大会议中心（Amador Convention Center）开工仪式上向BBC中文表示，他期待中国政府开放巴拿马旅游，这可以振兴旅游业并提供就业机会。</p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">巴雷拉总统宣布与中国建交前两天，亲自为这位于大西洋岸长荣码头隔邻的岚桥集团港埠工程奠基，还宣布中方承诺将投入7.5亿美元建设并创造大量就业机会。</p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">包括横跨运河第四座大桥及巴拿马城地铁三号线重大工程的融资兴建，被媒体界称为压垮巴台关系的最后一根稻草。</p><p style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 1rem; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">而在巴拿马上届政府中担任公安部长及外长的何塞·穆利尼奥则回应建交消息说：“好消息，早该建交了！”</p></div>