<h2> </h2><div id="media" style="margin: 0px 0px 6px; padding: 0px;"><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2017/Jun/6202017QH.png" width="638" height="450" alt="" /></div><div id="js_content" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; overflow: hidden; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 18px; min-height: 350px; position: relative;"><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; text-indent: 28px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; line-height: 1.6;">如果说，欧盟在土耳其入欧“考试”上严格要求过于理想主义，那么欧洲人在另一方面的过分就更为奇怪。如今土耳其虽不能入欧，土耳其移民却已经到处都是，尤其在历史上有传统关系的德国等地，土耳其移民社区已经形成很大规模。而他们在这里享受到高度的“文化自治”和“传教自由”，甚至可以自由传播各种极端伊斯兰教派，宣传对基督徒的“圣战”，而这样的教派在土耳其本土却是被严禁的。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">早在2009年，笔者赴德国参加法兰克福书展的活动，就在柏林纽科伦土耳其移民聚居区看到过这种极端派的清真寺，它的门前赫然贴着当地政府专为保障移民维权发布的鼓励“文化多元”、保护信仰尊严的“护身符”，而传道的内容却是如何不择手段地消灭基督教！</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/N4K3WUEraBMSI4oeVPs6VL2jetcdSG2q9wgBiaZXplaTul6pDRRn9JhbV4NaLoRJTtyOraoISlVEqcet8wIS3gw/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.7393162393162394" data-w="468" _width="100%" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/N4K3WUEraBMSI4oeVPs6VL2jetcdSG2q9wgBiaZXplaTul6pDRRn9JhbV4NaLoRJTtyOraoISlVEqcet8wIS3gw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 670px; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">德国最大的伊斯兰组织——土耳其伊斯兰联盟（DITIB）召开妇联会</span></strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">我还得知，当地政府给移民的维权“护身符”是一套共四条：1.“无歧视：没人可以因为他的性别、出身、种族、语言、祖籍、来历、信仰、宗教或政治观点而受到歧视或偏爱。”2.“平等权利：法律面前人人平等，男人、女人具有平等的权利。”3.“尊严不可侵犯：每个人都有自由展现个性的权利，只要他没有违背宪法原则或道德准则。”4.“教养是义务：对孩子的照顾和教养是父母天然的权利，也是他们最首要的义务。”</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">但是，当地的一些清真寺却选择性地只贴出其中的一部分，例如只贴第1、4两条：他们可以“无歧视”地宣传对基督教进行圣战而不受干預，并把“对孩子的照顾和教养是父母天然权利”解释为家长有权强制子女信教。但对强调个人自由，尤其是强调男女平等的两条则不予理会。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">我问道：这四条是可以这样“有选择地”宣传和实践的吗？没有个人自由和男女平等的体制是否可以在移民中“无歧视”地畅行？德国朋友说：他们的文化不能接受这些，我们也只能尊重。我说：这些教派的极端宣传在他们本国都不被允许，为什么这里却可以？朋友自豪地说：这就是我们的胸怀！土耳其不是还达不到欧洲的水平嘛！</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">笔者难以理解这样的怪诞。如果欧洲人对如此极端的伊斯兰教派强制传教都能宽容，为什么他们却不能接纳土耳其入欧？如果土耳其入欧的门槛如此严格，为什么连土耳其本国都不能允许的“反西方”暴力宣传，在西方却可以被宽容？</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/N4K3WUEraBPho1eDiaXOiczctic2sxvnibrxMgbnF2G5NkWNKrUzTash7s5ibmuJ4GFHjUWJicSTubatnfb8a9n54MtQ/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5633333333333334" data-w="600" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/N4K3WUEraBPho1eDiaXOiczctic2sxvnibrxMgbnF2G5NkWNKrUzTash7s5ibmuJ4GFHjUWJicSTubatnfb8a9n54MtQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 25.6px; height: auto !important; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; line-height: 25.6px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #021eaa;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">欧洲议会表决冻结土耳其入盟谈判</span></strong></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #021eaa;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></strong></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">尤其西方一些教会领袖，对基督教过去的不宽容“过度反省”，唯恐在“文化多元”方面不够时髦。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">如英国国教最高教职坎特伯雷大主教威廉姆斯在2008年甚至说：欧洲现在穆斯林已经很多，我们应该考虑为此改革法律，“部分接受沙里亚（伊斯兰法）”！结果引起轩然大波。</span><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">穆斯林的信仰自由和文化当然要保障。但什么是“伊斯兰法”？那是一种严格排他的宗教戒律，犹如中世纪基督教修道院戒律一般。英国绝大多数居民是基督徒，但如果把修道院戒律当成民法，那就不是什么基督教国家的问题，而是回到中世纪政教合一神权政治去了！</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">同样，“沙里亚”如果作为一种“伊斯兰文化”的内容可以在现代存在，那也如现代基督教修道院戒律一样，你自愿入院苦修受戒当然可以，但岂能要求别人？如果可以把它作为国家法律，那还有什么信仰自由（包括穆斯林的信仰自由）、政教分离可言！</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">欧洲如今的一种可虑现象，就是一些欧洲人（通常被视为“左派”）从“文化多元”的“政治正确”出发，把一些神权政治取向也当做“文化”来接受，或者至少态度暧昧不敢坚决抵制。而这种取向造成的种种问题又给另一些人（通常被当做“右派”）提供了排斥“异文化”、“异教徒”乃至“异族”人的口实，从而使欧洲历史上曾经有过的排外和种族歧视、宗教文化偏见重新抬头。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">为了对付这种“右派”偏见，“左派”就更强调“文化多元”，而“多元”掩盖下伊斯兰神权恐怖的威胁又使一些基督徒对穆斯林的偏见更严重。另一方面，感受到“右派”偏见压力的一些穆斯林移民认为受到歧视，就更易于接受被“左派”宽容的神权思想影响，而接受这样的影响又进一步使人们对整个穆斯林群体的偏见更严重。如此互相反馈，使得两种问题都越来越严重。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/N4K3WUEraBMSI4oeVPs6VL2jetcdSG2qvbmgyfgLpjzHm7uRRJK5ibsOF4IsIaw96pmjEn8kFZJXDcQ0A9tOGIg/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.599640933572711" data-w="557" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/N4K3WUEraBMSI4oeVPs6VL2jetcdSG2qvbmgyfgLpjzHm7uRRJK5ibsOF4IsIaw96pmjEn8kFZJXDcQ0A9tOGIg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">2015年1月，德国总理安吉拉·默克尔及其他政要出席了穆斯林团体组织的勃兰登堡门集会，旨在促进国家的宽容和宗教自由</span></strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在我看来，这两种问题尽管一“左”一“右”，其实根子是一个，就是受“文化（文明）决定论”影响，把“制度”与“文化”混为一谈，特别是把神权政治、政教合一、信仰强制这类中世纪制度与伊斯兰这种文化类型混为一谈。“左派”因主张“文化多元”善待穆斯林，就对神权制度因素的威胁视而不见，“右派”又会把对神权的恐怖转化为对伊斯兰文化乃至穆斯林族群的厌恶。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">这种混淆是有远因的：近几十年来，由于“后现代”倾向对普世进步价值的怀疑，从“右”边滋长着文化类型史观和“文明冲突论”；他们把普世文明的成果都当做“西方”甚至“美国”的专利而自傲，把普世性邪恶对普世文明的挑战都看成是“东方”对“西方”、伊斯兰对基督教、有色人种对白人、甚至白人中其他族裔对WASP的挑战，从而培养出一种排外思潮。由于“政治不正确”，这种思潮在知识界并非主流，但在普通人心里的影响却通过选票体现出来。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">而知识界的主流、高举自我批判大旗的“左”边，则在以往西方经济繁荣和民主福利进展与苏联等“替代模式”负面信息影响下，对西方内部的社会经济批判退潮（直到皮凯蒂几年前开始改变这一点），其批判话语除了似是而非的“南北问题”外，从法兰克福学派到布迪厄，对西方本身的批判越来越转向了所谓的“文化”，如过度世俗化导致人生意义的迷失或人的“一维化”、“媒体宰制”、“品味的区隔”、“象征的暴力”、“符号权力”与“文化资本”的不平等，以及对“他者”的“文化殖民”或“后殖民”之类。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">所谓“一维化”既然成了罪过，“文化多元”自然成了无条件的好事。而在“特殊文化”名义下无条件维护一切“非西方”的东西成了部分知识界的时髦。他们其实已经失去马克思那一代左派对西方实行革命改造的信心，却转而反对西方对“他者”的影响，乃至反过来无条件欢迎“他者”的反向影响。他们把老左派对“进步”的崇拜变成了对“多元”的崇拜。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">马克思相信“最好的世界是可能的”，而他们相信的是“另一个世界是可能的”。至于“另一个”是否最好甚至是否相对较好就无所谓了，因为反正是不能以“西方价值观”论好坏的。他们本来对西方主流政治经济体制不感冒，过去曾经认为苏联什么的更好，现在不这么看了，变成把制度当“文化”，萝卜白菜各有所爱，谁也别排斥谁。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="jpeg" data-src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/N4K3WUEraBMSI4oeVPs6VL2jetcdSG2q7UCH2IQSWamQr9gE2Bt5JKhhGkuI2pJIEZWx448Vj3toAHic5MpWQGA/0?wx_fmt=jpeg" data-ratio="0.5533333333333333" data-w="600" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/N4K3WUEraBMSI4oeVPs6VL2jetcdSG2q7UCH2IQSWamQr9gE2Bt5JKhhGkuI2pJIEZWx448Vj3toAHic5MpWQGA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: auto !important; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #007aaa;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 14px;">电影《阿曼尼亚》讲述了在德国战后重建过程中，一个土耳其移民家庭三代人的悲欢</span></strong></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">更有甚者，一些“左派”对世俗化本身并无好感，因为世俗化常被等同于“资本主义化”或“西方化”，而这些“批判精神”有些过剩的人并不喜欢这种“人心不古世风日下”的状态。于是“激进的”左派反而容易与极端保守的传统尤其是“非西方”的传统发生隐约的共鸣。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">前面曾提到德国纽科伦当局对土耳其移民区中极端教派圣战宣传听之任之的情形，后来又有朋友告诉我一个更令人啼笑皆非的情况：当时土耳其世俗民主政府曾经支持“亲政府”的主流温和教派派人来德国土裔社区传教，以抵制极端教派的影响（土耳其本身也把这种影响视为威胁），不料德国地方政府却抵制这些主流温和教派，甚至找茬把一些温和派阿訇给赶走了。理由是这些教派过于亲土耳其政府，违反“政教分离”，他们进入土裔社区会影响土裔的“信仰自由”，而极端教派宣传圣战倒是“信仰自由”的体现！</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">这实在太匪夷所思了：“政教分离”并不等于宗教必须“反政府”，如果不反政府乃</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">至“亲政府”就违反政教分离了？这样理解政教分离，也有点走火入魔了吧。据了解，当时的土耳其政府虽然与主流教派关系不错，但并非“教派政府”，也不搞“官办教会”。当局打击极端教派的圣战宣传也只是针对煽动暴力，并不影响土耳其的教派多元。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">这种政教关系其实与欧洲的政教分离差不多，而与霍梅尼那种严酷的神权国家主张不可同日而语。可是，当年正是西方长期保护了流亡中的霍梅尼，并对伊朗一心“西化”的世俗主义巴列维国王施加压力。巴列维确实不民主，但他的世俗威权比伊斯兰神权政治相对进步也是没有疑义的。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; background-color: #ffffff; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">后来推翻他的“革命”最初是国内世俗民主派和温和穆斯林联手发难，但是西方这时却送回霍梅尼去摘桃子，他从西方回到伊朗就发动了伊斯兰原教旨主义狂潮，把世俗民主派和温和穆斯林都镇压下去，并立即就对西方翻脸号召“圣战”。今天欧洲对土耳其的政策，会不会又重蹈覆辙呢？</p><div></div></div>