中国毛时代27年,55次运动

<br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">1949年至1976年&#8220;文革&#8221;结束前27年内中国有55次运动。&#8216;</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">新中国&#8217;的历史,就是一部运动史&#8221;。</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">一、1949年以后的55次运动</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">1. &#8220;土地改革&#8221;运动(1947至1952)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">2.&#8220;镇压反革命&#8221;运动(1950.10至1951.10)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">3.&#8220;抗美援朝&#8221;运动(1950.10至1953.07)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">4.&#8220;第一次整风&#8221;运动(1950.05至1951)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">5.&#8220;连队民主&#8221;运动(1950.09至1951)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">6.&#8220;忠诚老实政治自觉&#8221;运动(1951.05至1952)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">7.&#8220;清理中层&#8221;运动(1951.08至1952.10)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">8.&#8220;批判《武训传》&#8221;运动(1951.05至1952)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">9.&#8220;三自革新学习与教会民主改革&#8221;运动(1951.</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">04至1954)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">10.&#8220;农业生产互助合作&#8221;运动(1951.09至1956)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">11.&#8220;民主改革&#8221;运动(1951.09至1953)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">12.&#8220;文化教育战线和知识份子思想改造&#8221;运动(1951.</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">09至1952.10)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">13.&#8220;爱国增产节约&#8221;运动(1951.10至1952)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">14.&#8220;三反运动&#8221;(1951.12至1952.10)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">15.&#8220;文学艺术界整风学习&#8221;运动(1951.12至1952)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">16.&#8220;五反&#8221;运动(1952.01至1952.10)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">17.&#8220;反对违法乱纪&#8221;运动(1953.01至1954)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">18.&#8220;改造私营企业公私合营&#8221;运动(1954.</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">09至1955)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">19.&#8220;胡适思想批判&#8221;运动(1954.10至1955)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">20.&#8220;肃清胡风反革命集团&#8221;运动(1955.01至1956)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">21.&#8220;增产节约&#8221;运动(1957.02至1957)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">22.&#8220;肃清反革命分子&#8221;运动(1955.07至1957)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">23.&#8220;整风&#8221;运动(1957.04至1957.06)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">24.&#8220;反右&#8221;运动(1957.06至1958.05)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">25.&#8220;农村社会主义教育&#8221;活动(1957.08至1958)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">26.&#8220;批判马寅初人口论&#8221;运动(1958.04至1960)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">27.&#8220;大跃进&#8221;运动(1958.05至1960)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">28.&#8220;放卫星&#8221;运动(1958)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">29.&#8220;除四害&#8221;运动(1958)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">30.&#8220;拔白旗&#8221;运动(1958)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">31.&#8220;人民公社化&#8221;运动(1958.07至1958.10)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">32.&#8220;全民大炼钢铁&#8221;运动(1958.08至1960)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">33.&#8220;反对右倾思想&#8221;运动(1959.07至1960)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">34.&#8220;反瞒产私分&#8221;运动(1960)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">35.&#8220;整风整社&#8221;运动(又名农村三反&#8221;运动)(1960.</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">05至1961)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">36.军队&#8220;两忆三查&#8221;运动(1960.10至1961)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">37.&#8220;四清&#8221;运动(在农村叫&#8220;社会主义教育运动&#8221;)(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">1963.02至1966)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">38.&#8220;学习雷锋&#8221;运动(1963.03.05始)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">39.&#8220;忆苦思甜&#8221;(写三史运动)(1963至1964)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">40.&#8220;工业学大庆&#8221;运动(1964.01.25始)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">41.&#8220;农业学大寨&#8221;运动(1964.02至1976)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">42.&#8220;文化大革命&#8221;运动(1966.05.16至1976)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">43.&#8220;红卫兵&#8221;运动(1966) 45.夺权风暴(1967)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">44.&#8220;三支两军(支左、支工、支农、军管、军训)&#8221;运动(</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">1967)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">45.&#8220;三忠于、四无限&#8221;运动(1968)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">46.&#8220;上山下乡&#8221;运动(1968.12至1978.10)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">47.&#8220;学&#8216;红宝书&#8217;&#8221;运动(1969)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">48.&#8220;全民挖防空洞&#8221;运动(1969.08至1970)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">49.&#8220;一打三反&#8221;运动(1970.01至1971)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">50.&#8220;清查&#8216;五一六&#8217;&#8221;运动(1970.03至1971)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">51.&#8220;批陈整风&#8221;运动(1970.11至1971)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">52.&#8220;批林整风&#8221;运动(1971.12至1972)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">53.&#8220;批林批孔&#8221;运动(1974.01至1975)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">54.&#8220;开展对《水浒》评论&#8221;运动(1975.08至1976)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">55.&#8220;批邓,反击右倾翻案风&#8221;运动(1975.</span><wbr style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;">11至1977)</span><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" /><br style="color: #222222; font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12.8px; background-color: #ffffff;" />