<p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">中国领导人会在充满各种术语和口号的讲话中公布他们的计划。但他们的用词可能会揭示出更深层次的意涵。以下是一份导引，介绍了中国领导人习近平周三向共产党全国代表大会作报告时所使用的关键术语，以及和他的前任比有什么特点。点击<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20171019/china-xi-jinping-party-congress/" title="Link: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/18/world/asia/china-xi-jinping-party-congress.html" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; color: #cc2222;">此处</a>阅读相关文章。</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">成为“强国”的野心越来越大</strong></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"></p><div style="list-style: none; margin: 0px auto; padding: 15px 0px 10px; max-width: 600px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/10/20/admin/cn-language1/cn-language1-articleLarge.png" data-url="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/10/20/admin/cn-language1/cn-language1-articleLarge.png" width="auto" height="auto" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; background: url("../../img/download.gif") center center no-repeat; min-height: 64px; display: inline-block; max-width: 600px; height: auto;" alt="" /><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; font-size: 11px; color: #999999; width: 560px;">The New York Times</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; color: #666666; width: 560px;"></p></div><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">在毛泽东去世后的几十年里，中国贫穷而孤立，北京的领导人宣称中国应该远离国际舞台，把重点放在国内的经济增长上。“韬光养晦”是邓小平在冷战结束时制定的政策。但随着中国变得更加强大和更愿意发声，尤其是习近平上任后，这种谦虚已经消失了。他说，在军事实力、科技、互联网和国际责任方面，中国会成为一个“大国”或“强国”。</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">新型矛盾</strong></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"></p><div style="list-style: none; margin: 0px auto; padding: 15px 0px 10px; max-width: 600px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/10/20/admin/cn-language2/cn-language2-articleLarge.png" data-url="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/10/20/admin/cn-language2/cn-language2-articleLarge.png" width="auto" height="auto" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; background: url("../../img/download.gif") center center no-repeat; min-height: 64px; display: inline-block; max-width: 600px; height: auto;" alt="" /><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; font-size: 11px; color: #999999; width: 560px;">The New York Times</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; color: #666666; width: 560px;"></p></div><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">虽然感到更加自信，习近平也看到了国内外的潜在危险。习近平经常使用“矛盾”这个不太好翻译的词。“安全”在他的报告中出现了55次，是他的前任胡锦涛10年前作报告时的两倍之多。习近平说，中国社会已经进入了一个过去围绕基本生存产生的矛盾，被更加复杂的需求，比如更公正的法律制度和更清廉的政府所取代的阶段。</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">对环境的关心</strong></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"></p><div style="list-style: none; margin: 0px auto; padding: 15px 0px 10px; max-width: 600px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/10/20/admin/cn-language3/cn-language3-articleLarge.png" data-url="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/10/20/admin/cn-language3/cn-language3-articleLarge.png" width="auto" height="auto" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; background: url("../../img/download.gif") center center no-repeat; min-height: 64px; display: inline-block; max-width: 600px; height: auto;" alt="" /><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; font-size: 11px; color: #999999; width: 560px;">The New York Times</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; color: #666666; width: 560px;"></p></div><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">习近平频繁提到环境问题和相关政策，反映出中国政府已经在抓紧应对公众对雾霾、污水、被工业废弃物污染的农田和其他环境威胁日渐加剧的愤怒了。90年代中国经济腾飞时，经常听到人们把增长放在远比环境靠前的位置上。但当人们在经济上的安全感增强时，环境却恶化了，污染引发的抗议和抱怨剧增。党的工作报告中提到与污染和类似问题有关的“生态”的次数也大大增加。</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">对市场友好政策热情变淡</strong></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"></p><div style="list-style: none; margin: 0px auto; padding: 15px 0px 10px; max-width: 600px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/10/20/admin/cn-language4/cn-language4-articleLarge.png" data-url="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/10/20/admin/cn-language4/cn-language4-articleLarge.png" width="auto" height="auto" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; background: url("../../img/download.gif") center center no-repeat; min-height: 64px; display: inline-block; max-width: 600px; height: auto;" alt="" /><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; font-size: 11px; color: #999999; width: 560px;">The New York Times</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; color: #666666; width: 560px;"></p></div><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">在报告中，习近平向担心他领导的政府对国家干预上瘾、收回经济开放政策承诺的外国企业和中国私营企业家，发出了一些宽慰的信息。习近平说，应该对所有企业一视同仁。但他的报告和之前三份报告提到“市场”的次数越来越少，这表明中国领导人对于誓言要实施市场友好政策失去了一些热情。</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><strong style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">“改革”的含义</strong></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"></p><div style="list-style: none; margin: 0px auto; padding: 15px 0px 10px; max-width: 600px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/10/20/admin/cn-language5/cn-language5-articleLarge.png" data-url="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/10/20/admin/cn-language5/cn-language5-articleLarge.png" width="auto" height="auto" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; background: url("../../img/download.gif") center center no-repeat; min-height: 64px; display: inline-block; max-width: 600px; height: auto;" alt="" /><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; font-size: 11px; color: #999999; width: 560px;">The New York Times</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; color: #666666; width: 560px;"></p></div><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; background-color: #ffffff;"></p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">习近平的报告里充满了改革的承诺：经济、军队、政府管理和其他很多领域的改革。但通常他所说的“改革”，与常和这个词一同出现的自由化和自由市场概念对不上。他使用这个词的次数，也比前任少。此外，“改革开放”的使用次数越来越少也能说明问题。这个词在邓小平时代横空出世，描述的是中国支持市场力量，允许更多的外国投资和理念进入中国的政策。习近平用了9次“改革开放”，远不及它声名最盛的时候。现在，北京的一些人尖酸地开玩笑说他的政策是“改革关闭”。</p><div style="list-style: none; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px; color: #999999; line-height: 18px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px;"><span style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">储百亮(Chris Buckley)是《纽约时报》驻京记者。<br style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;" />翻译：纽约时报中文网</span></p></div>