<p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; text-indent: 32px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;">在查阅1959年河南商城饥荒的资料时，笔者注意到了以下一些记载："1959年冬、1960年春，信阳地区发生了严重的死人事件。据统计，全区……死绝5万多户，村庄毁灭1万多个"；"仅息县就有639个村子死绝，固始县\’全县无人烟的村庄有400多个\’"。而商城县，"死绝村庄453个"。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 这些村子"死绝"的原因是什么？分布在哪里？范围有多广？现在是否还能找到当年的一些蛛丝马迹？带着这些问题，2014年7月29日，笔者来到商城县买了一辆旧自行车，以此为代步工具，踏上探寻商城"死绝村"之旅。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 我把探寻重点放在饥荒相对严重的上石桥、鄢岗、双椿铺和观庙4个镇。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 从7月30日至8月21日离开商城，共23天，走访自然村约69个，受访者仅有姓名或叙述可查的就有174人，其中当时担任公社、大队或生产队干部的29人（加上前两次的，以上3个数字分别为近80、不下200以及31人）。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #013364; font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">我一度对能找到"死绝村"产生怀疑</span></strong></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 在上石桥的两天半时间里，先后去过金刚、杨寨以及河凤桥的新桥等七八个行政村，得到了一些令人惊骇的饥荒事实，如：</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 杨寨王门楼80多人，最后剩下20多人。新桥霍围子，本有六七十人，剩下不到20人。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 令我意外的是，当问到"附近是否有生产队全部饿死或跑光，因而村子荒废"了时，所有的受访者众口一词：没有。因有人说，鄢岗以前是商城的北大荒，灾情最严重，我便寄希望于能在鄢岗找到一些"死绝村"。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;">前两次来商城时，我就听到一些当事人谈到鄢岗一带的惨状。"商城县最大的右派"陈庆喜，文革中曾定居鄢岗高台下郭楼。他在笔记中逐户记下了下郭楼"过粮食关"的情况（见上图）：该村1958年时65人，"过粮食关"非正常死亡46人，加上改嫁、投亲靠友的6人，1960年仅余13人。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 在鄢岗，随着采访的深入，一幅幅悲惨的景象随着受访者的叙述复现出来。徐寨黄楼，原有七八十人，最后剩下十来个人。绝户的4家中，闰天民家一个宅子，5口人死绝。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 王胜铎家原来住在工（音）寨，当时这个生产队有210人，最后只剩下18人。王说："我家原来有7口人，我父母，3个弟弟，1个妹妹。我是老大，当时16了。我父亲饿死了以后，……我妈说，顾大的，不顾小的，生活无法维持，都顾，都是死。……最后我们家就落了我一个。"西李集朱小店原有100多人，剩下十来个人。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 西李集陈破宅，"过粮食关"前168人，过后就剩57人了。仅受访者提到的死绝户就有9户。村民刘光寿说："有一天早上，两三个小时，我们就埋了六七个人。"</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 祈楼敖楼原有136人，剩下49人。刘双楼合昌房原有一百四五十人，剩下60人。绝户12家。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 以上所列，均为多位亲历者现场讨论提供的信息，且大多经笔者逐户计算核实，内容翔实，可靠程度高。以下是单个当事人的叙述：祈楼后双塘剩下几个人。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 鲇鱼山炭木桥周后湾，200多人，剩下一二十人。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 西李集任楼，70多人，剩下10人。西李集李老营，六七十人，剩下20人。徐寨上岗，一百四五十人，活下来的有10多人。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 鄢岗东下畈老葛家的宅子，几家就剩下1个瞎子。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 刘双楼柳林岗，130多人，剩下30多人。徐寨下楼原有47人，剩下叙述者朱逢雨一家5人，后来又搬来两户6人，村里才11人。他们生产队本来有4个宅子，后来并成了一个宅子。以上所列，说明鄢岗为商城灾情最严重的地方大体名实相符。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 但我本来对在鄢岗，尤其是西李集一带找到"死绝村"抱有很大希望的，然而来商城10天过去了，却没有找到一个经得起质疑的"死绝村"——一如在上石桥，这里的被访者也都说，没有听说一个村都死光、跑净的。这真是令人困惑：如果在鄢岗这样的地方都找不到一个"死绝村"，又能指望到哪里去找呢？</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 8月3日以后三四天里，我一度对能否找到"死绝村"产生怀疑。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 4日中午和6日晚上，先后打电话给此前来商城认识的朋友、当地史志工作者柯大全和杨琼。两人都告诉我，商城"死绝"的453个村庄应该是自然村，不是行政村或生产队。商城的自然村不像北方平原那么大，三五户，甚至一户聚在一起就是一个村子，这样的村子商城叫"宅子""子"等。一个生产队往往包括几个宅子或子。这种说法后来也为多个当事人，以及《商城县志》有关记载证实。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 至此，我才恍然大悟。我来自黄淮平原的周口，由于从小形成的根深蒂固的观念，把生产队等同于村子，所以常提的问题是：附近是否有生产队全部饿死或跑光，因而村子荒废？而如果把"死绝村"理解为自然村，即本地人所谓的"宅子"，那么，当事人实际上已经提到几个"死绝村"了：如前文东下畈老葛家的宅子，就可以认定为一个"死绝村"；朱逢雨提到的下楼4个宅子，只剩下他们一户，那么他们宅子之外的另3个宅子就是"死绝村"。进一步推想，假设一个生产队有几处宅子，因为人们往往是成户地居住在某个宅子，那么剩下30人以下的生产队，如祈楼后双塘、炭木桥周后湾等，就有较大的可能存在着"死绝村"。可惜我不知商城这一特殊"县情"，没有进一步追问和实地调查，挖掘出这些"死绝村"的位置和更具体的情况。基于此，关于"死绝村"，我以后的提问变为：你们生产队有几个宅子？是否有宅子人死完或跑光，因而没有人了？这才在观念上与当地人接上头。于是，一个又一个"死绝村"纷纷从历史的烟尘深处浮现。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 我找到的第一个确切可靠的"死绝村"，是位于鄢岗镇曹寨破楼村后的一片荒地。曾当过中学校长的朱时民说，这里有他们村1959年荒废的3处宅子。第一个大宅子住有蔡大后、蔡大楼等弟兄4家以及祁大海等几家，大约有五六十人，除了蔡大后和祁大海两家搬走外，其他户大都饿死了。黄传、黄钊兄弟住着第二个宅子，人死光了。第三个是朱邦忠家的宅子，他们家3口死完了。朱带着我走了一里多路，专程去看了这3个已灭绝的宅子，并拍了照。朱还说，他们附近的曹小洼也有3处宅子没有人了，每户五六个人不等。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #013364; font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">"</span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #013364; font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">死绝村"纷纷浮现</span></strong></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 8月9日上午，我来到双椿铺镇。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 临近中午的时候，在街头采访双椿铺庙堂80岁的村民陈道本。陈说，他们生产队原有170人，最后剩下二三十人，有六七户绝户。陈本人一大家子30多人，只剩下六七个人。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 陈还说：他们队死亡情况只能算第二，最严重的是栗树林。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 在陈的指点下，当天下午，我在栗树林找到了78岁的王春发。王说，栗树林"过粮食关"以前的老门老户已经没有了，现在在这儿的，都是以后搬过来的。村子原来140多人，剩下8个人：</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 队长严传江和他妻子。严老家是潢川江家集的，1961年又搬走了。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 黄得富两口子，黄是队长严传江的妻弟。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 陈云秀是炊事员。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 会计陈英和她爹、妈。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 很明显，这8人都是村里的"特权阶层"。王说，正是因为这些"特权阶层"的多吃多占，栗树林在上级拨了粮食，其他生产队开了伙之后，又第二次砍了大锅（公共食堂断炊）。栗树林那时有四五个宅子，基本上都空了。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 1959年，现在双椿铺村所有的生产队，都属于镇西边的张畈大队。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 张畈潘井130多人，剩下29人，村里绝户的有十三四户。叙述者潘传金一家8口，饿死5口。但潘说，潘井3个宅子里都还有人。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 张畈下畈120至130人，最后剩下23人，圆满的只有4户。其中后寨老张家的宅子，有3户，20多人，全都没有了。他们的成分高一点。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 当时在张畈农业中学上学的白学人说，张畈3个大宅子没有一个人了。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 1959年秋，商城粮食总产1.45亿斤，县委却浮夸为3.5亿斤，实际征购7300万斤。11月中下旬，各公社食堂就纷纷开始砍大锅，农民濒于绝境，以王汉卿为首的商城县委不仅不思救灾，反而在省、地委指示下，大搞"反瞒产"。26日，县委第一副书记张念仲集中了包括副县长何善普、公安局局长王志刚等在内的104名干部，组成工作队，到张畈、龙堂搞"反瞒产"。据统计，这两个大队原有1060户4695人，从工作队入村到出村，先后死绝107户，死亡1071人，占总人数的22.8%，其中打死、逼死、扣饭饿死69人，致伤致残39人。而在另一份统计中，张畈和龙堂1959年9月份分别有2419和2276人，到第二年4月，则有1425和1367人，分别减少994和909人，减少比例达41.1%和39.9%，其中被打死饿死837和849人。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 张念仲等"反瞒产"的地方，也是我在双椿铺考察的另一个重点——龙堂，也不出意外地找到了"死绝村"。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 77岁的刘世巨给我提供了两个"死绝村"的信息，并不顾年迈，带我去实地察看。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 一处是龙堂中队的枣林岗，当时住有4户人家15口人，9人死亡，余下的改嫁或搬走，现在成了荒山野岭。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 另一处，是刘的原住地闵楼下寨的韩洼宅子。刘家搬走后，这个村子还有6户31人，死去20人，其他11人搬走了，整个庄子荒废了。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 在龙堂还找到两个"死绝村"：樊楼当时共有4个宅子，毁灭了2个：</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 一个住着高登云家等3户18口人，死13人，剩下的都走了，宅子废了。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 另一个鲍家岗，住着张建新家等3户16口人，死12人，宅子也空了。现在这个宅子又住人了。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 笔者找到的其他"死绝村"的情况：</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 鄢岗蔡楼油坊两处宅子毁灭：一处是熊国江家的，一处是刘群龙家的，各有两三户，10多个人。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 双椿铺万楼王春海家的宅子，共有2户8人，活下来一个媳妇一个女儿，都嫁走了。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 万楼谢老营子，当时有137人，砍大锅后剩下37人。4个宅子中，更楼子灭绝了。更楼子1949年前住的都是地主，建的有炮楼和土坯墙，共住有4户。过罢"粮食关"后，剩下一个女人和4个小孩，走的走，嫁的嫁，宅子空了。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 双椿铺三教洞后湾，原有280多人，剩下70多人。本有6个宅子，3个没有人了：</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 第一个，吴毓春、吴毓财弟兄的宅子，12口人，都饿死了。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 第二个，吴毓荣、吴毓富弟兄的宅子，9口人，没有人了。吴毓荣是生产队队长，他和副队长、民兵排长3个人饿得杀牛犊，被大队干部打死了，副队长和民兵排长被拉去劳改，最后也死了。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"> 第三个宅子，黄力勋家，3个人，死完了。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"> 鄢岗砂岗枣林岗，本有66人，剩下22人。15户中6户灭绝。村中胡新焕家的宅子没人了。这个宅子有3户人家14口人，剩下4个人，最后人去宅空。现在住的</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #013364; font-family: 宋体;">是1971年修鲇鱼山水库时安置的移民。</span></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 鄢岗蔡楼蔡家楼，原有六七户二三十口，剩下两户5人，最后人去村空。蔡家楼另一个宅子徐桥（音），最后还有葛长生等3个人。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 观庙柳大徐老，本来有六七户40多人，只剩下叙述者柳士民家3口和老朱家3口。柳士民说，邻近的楼房死人比徐老塆还要严重。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 观庙梅楼楼板冲，1958年小并大后有7户39人，其中4户绝户，死35人走1人，剩下叙述者柳学魁等3人。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 观庙王寨村旧王寨，有炮楼、寨墙和水围子。1958年前有7户，成分均为地主，约50余人。1959年除逃走3人外，余者皆饿死。此后再没有住人，成为一片荒地。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 余集公社大柳树黄老，这个子地主多，都是瓦屋。人死得很多，活着的人跑了，最后成了余集公社的打米场。现在淹在鲇鱼山水库下了。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 总的来说，在20余天的采访中，可以确定为"死绝村"的有如下村子：</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 鄢岗镇：曹寨破楼蔡大后家的宅子、黄传兄弟家的宅子、朱邦忠家的宅子，蔡楼油坊熊国江家的和刘群龙家的宅子，砂岗枣林岗胡新焕家的宅子。双椿铺镇：张畈栗树林的四五处宅子，下畈后寨老张家的宅子，龙堂的枣林岗，樊楼高登云等家的宅子、鲍家岗，闵楼下寨的韩洼宅子，万楼谢老营子的更楼子。观庙镇：柳大徐老，梅楼楼板冲，王寨大队旧王寨。这19（或20）处"死绝村"笔者都曾亲自实地踏勘，并拍有照片，证据确凿，资料也比较翔实，且大多有旁证。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 另有16处"死绝村"主要根据当事人叙述，未能实地查证。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 研究上述一些证据确凿、资料翔实的"死绝村"，我们可以推断，死亡率在70%以上，或者剩余人口在30人以下的生产队有比较大的可能存在着"死绝村"。而且根据常识，这样的村子青壮年劳力普遍匮乏，基本丧失了生产和繁衍人口等功能，我们可以把这样的生产队称为"疑似死绝村"或"准死绝村"。那么，上文详细列举到的那些村庄，基本上都可以归于此类。此类村子共有26个。</span></p><p style="margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: auto; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #013364; font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">人相食：死人肉；活人肉</span></strong></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 在采访过程中，给我造成精神冲击的，不仅是上文那些怵目惊心的数字，还有受访者们说的一些令人毛骨悚然的故事。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 曾做过县委通讯员的陈德鸿，有一次用自行车带着县委副书记张昆山去西李集，调查那儿的死人问题。他们看到，在路边都有死人，不远一个不远一个，他们从死人身上过去。经过一个乱葬岗子时，还看到埋的人被扒出来，肉被割去了。还逮着一个吃人肉的，要批斗。但人们饿得东倒西歪，批斗也不了了之。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> "双椿铺某大队丢了一头牛，实际上是给老百姓吃了。队长带人去找，找到一家人那里，一个老奶奶正在煮肉。队长问你哪来的肉？老奶奶说，我吃的不是牛肉，我孙女死了，煮着吃。又找一家子，一个男的，年轻人，也在煮肉。队长又问，你的肉哪来的？那人说，我把我女人的屁股割了，煮着吃……大队就报了案，说是破坏尸体，后来法院公审这两个人，判了刑。"</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 鄢岗徐寨黄楼的张明信13岁的孩子死了，他架着干柴，烧他小孩的肉吃。最后他们家绝户了。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 鄢岗冯寨大队的退伍军人付得民死去，其妻吃了他屁股上的肉。女儿死后，这女人又吃了女儿的肉。被发现后，被批斗。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 饥饿还使一些人蜕变为野兽，吃起了活人肉。上石桥街头上的郭兴国，出门的时候，失踪了，据说被人吃了。曾被打成右派，下放到上石桥公社的鲍正英说，上石桥大队的一个算命瞎子，因为吃得胖，在上石桥东岗被人杀了吃了。这个算命瞎子不知和郭兴国是否为同一个人。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 雷前修家住新楼，在余集工作。他听说全家死了，就回来看。天黑走路的时候，被人杀死，肉被割去。朱邦×当时十来岁，家里人都饿死了，他也快死了。他听说，也去割了肉吃，最后保了命。此人现在还健在。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 双椿铺喻家子（老喻家？）的胡名新，木匠，他去古城找表哥，半夜里被几个表嫂和一个表侄杀死，做成了腌肉。第二天，队长找他们家做活，发现他们家有肉，就上报了，说他们杀牛。去搜，看见了手巴掌，才知道是人。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 商城退休教师汪流凯有一个表弟，姓黄，当时十三四岁。因为在家没有吃的，他去在外的哥哥那里。哥哥等了两天没有见他，去找。在上石桥西边的灌河河滩上发现他的尸体。他被人杀了，屁股、大腿上的肉被人割走了。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 鄢岗镇一位不愿具名的女镇民说，她父亲曾在公社当会计，有一次下班，天快黑了，他经过甄油坊，看见一个人关着门杀自己的孩子吃。他去报告，把这人抓起来了。</span></p><p style="margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: auto; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #013364; font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">"</span></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #013364; font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">死绝村"背后的人祸</span></strong></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 对于大饥荒，刘少奇的结论是："三分天灾，七分人祸。"这一结论对于"死绝村"也适用。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 首先，从总体上来说，导致大饥荒发生的是普遍性的公共食堂、浮夸风、高征购、"反瞒产"、封锁消息，以及对公民人权的野蛮践踏，这些都是"人祸"。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 其次，就笔者本次调查的4个乡镇而言，"死绝村""准死绝村"在鄢岗和双椿铺较多，而以双椿铺最多。在双椿铺，又以龙堂，尤其是张畈为最。究其原因，乃是因为张畈、龙堂是商城县委的"反瞒产"重点。张念仲和何善普分别负责张畈和龙堂的"反瞒产"。张畈大队24个生产队，每个生产队驻4个县直干部。龙堂樊楼也驻有3个。共108个县直干部以"督战队"的身份，在各队搞"反瞒产"。据后来官方材料披露，108名干部中，有93名捆、吊、打过社队干部和群众，共打伤3人，打死和逼死7人。干部"特殊化风"虽在这时很普遍，商城也有"三天一大两，饿不死司务长；三天一大钱，饿不死炊事员"的说法，但在"督战队"的严密监视下，一些不善于转圜的村干部也像普通社员一样深受其害。张畈副支书余传道、潘井副队长潘传发、龙堂生产队队长芦百成分别被"炒盐豆子"（被惩罚的人站在中间，周围一圈人将他推来推去）致死；张畈下畈的陈忠堂、陈寨大队小队长谢安礼饿死。更多的村干部被"炒盐豆子""打硪"（反复多次地抬起来摔下去）。村干部们在此强大的压力下白天开会，批斗人，研究"敌情"，即谁家藏有粮食，夜晚就如狼似虎地去搜，直到把社员家里藏的一点粮食搜光刮净。因而，在整个商城县中，张畈、龙堂的"反瞒产"进行得最彻底最残酷，"死绝村"也最多。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 鄢岗虽然没有县里"督战队"的监视，但1958年"刮五风"时即开始实行"干部对调"。干部离开了本村，没有了乡情的羁绊，加上来自上面的苛酷高压，鄢岗乡村干部实行"高征购""反瞒产"才会"雷厉风行"。故鄢岗的"死绝村"多。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 在采访中，笔者多次听到干部们草菅人命的事。如鄢岗肖寨肖油坊的肖百仁二叔7口人，被队干部打死3口：堂哥（16岁）因为拔萝卜缨子吃，堂妹（12岁）因为偷生产队种的菜吃，先后被毒打致死；二叔不知何故被扒光衣服吊在梁上打，最后连尸体也没见。还有一个姓王的，因为偷麦吃，被队长逼着自己把手剁掉。观庙南洼大榨屋文小一位妇女，被队干部余××、张××，一个倒煤油，一个划火柴点火，活活烧死。观庙梅楼楼板冲12岁的少年柳学魁，一次拾到80银洋，被人举报，其父亲被干部和积极分子"炒盐豆子"活活"炒"死。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 在采访中，笔者发现，"搞银圆"和高征购、"反瞒产"一样，为干部们摧残群众提供了"契机"。"1958年夏，乡下人家的铁器、铜器都被拿走了。最后逼啊，谁家有银洋，逼着交银洋，夜晚吊起来打"。鄢岗西李集的木匠汪春先，因为不给银圆，被"打硪"摔残胳膊。那天摔的人比较多，摔一个就"码"（堆）起来，"码"了一个小垛。双椿铺一位周老汉说，因为要银圆，其父被支书汪清指挥一帮人又推又摔，还被罚跪瓷瓦片，临死的时候全身是血；另一位路过的老太太说，她父亲也因为"搞银圆"被抬起来摔死（即"打硪"）。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 1961年，一份商城官方文件曾列出45个案例，讲述"阶级敌人"（实际是乡村干部）是如何用骇人听闻的酷刑残害群众的，如锄头砸大脑、剁手指头、铁丝穿耳朵、脸上刻字、缝嘴、铁丝烙肛门、松枝扎阴道、浇煤油烧、火烧婴儿、活埋等。而整个信阳地区打死、逼死8万人。根据另一份资料，信阳全地区被打致死群众达6.7万余人，被打致残3.4万余人。</span></p><p style="margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: auto; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #013364; font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">暗夜中的几点人性萤光</span></strong></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 在鄢岗西李集，颜伟珍老人说，祈楼一个生产队，队长、会计带领群众偷偷把粮食藏到地里。他们生产队没有饿死一个人，只有一个人病死了。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 我问："是哪个生产队？"</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 老人答："不知道是哪个生产队。"</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 乍一听，我有些激动：在听了那么多干部多吃多占或鱼肉百姓的故事后，竟然听到有这样"另类"的干部！我决定抽出时间，专门去祈楼核实这件事。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 8月6日，来到祈楼，从受访者们口中知道，这个生产队叫汪洼，领头的是大队民兵营长杨世湘，还有队长胡长根、副队长汪文先等。杨世湘家"过粮食关"时住在汪洼。一次开会后，他回去对胡长根等人说，今年有可能饿死人，我们要藏点粮食，不能饿死人。他们分给每家一小缸米，全生产队27户，弄了27个缸，并排深埋在一块田的坎子里，夜里大家去偷吃。规定谁也不能偷别人的，不能烧干饭吃，只能兑野菜喝稀粥。还在草垛里藏了一些粮食，以至开了大伙后，汪洼还能接济邻近的敖寨一些粮食。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 由于当事的老人基本上都已故去，受访者们也说不清楚在那饥殍遍野、酷吏催逼的恶劣环境下，杨世湘们为何如此"胆大妄为"，他们是如何应付上级的"反瞒产"压力，村民们又是如何和衷共济，度过那"砍大锅"的一个月的。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 观庙镇油坊杨小，1959年时归桃园大队，住有杨有寿等4户。队长杨有寿准备充分，事先带领全村人腌了大白菜，加上吃一些野菜、红薯藤，全村没有一个人饿死。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 潢川县张集镇樊岗的王指金等村干部，带领群众把粮食藏在稻草里，全村没有一个人饿死。后来有人告密，王指金被迫逃亡。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 杨世湘、杨有寿、王指金们以大勇和大智拯救乡亲，在那些漆黑的日子里发出了仅有的几点人性萤光。他们的名字值得后人永远记住。</span></p><p style="margin-top: auto; margin-bottom: auto; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 18px; font-family: 宋体;">大饥荒口述史的最后10年</span></strong></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #013364; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体;"> 近年来，一些人出于这种那种考虑，极力缩小甚至否认那场大饥荒，有教授"研究"出"重大谣言"论，最近更有人提出所谓"探索性质的错误"怪论。实际上，大饥荒是客观存在的历史，现在还有不少当事人尚未谢世，还可以找他们去求证。这其实并不需要多少高深的学问和智慧，需要的是敬畏生命、直面历史的良知。只要深入那些发生饥荒的乡村，当年那些残酷的事实就会扑面充耳</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #013364; font-family: 宋体;">而来。</span></span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #000000;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #002060; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体;"> 真正的信史不仅需要宏观的历史脉络和数据</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">，也同样需要大量真实、丰富、具体的细节；文献、数据重要，故事、案例同样重要。口述研究，对于大饥荒研究的深化、细化和实证化，意义重大。我们</span></span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;">每挖掘一个真实的案例，就结结实实地给谎言钉上了一枚棺钉。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, "Helvetica Neue", "PingFang SC", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei", sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 21px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 16px; font-family: 宋体; color: #000000;"> 研究历史，不外乎两种素材，一是历史文献，二是"活的档案"，即亲历者的叙述。在目前档案受控制的情况下，后者的挖掘更显得弥足珍贵。尤其关键的是，前者只要不被蓄意销毁，总有得见天日的一天，而"活的档案"则有"期限"——人的寿命限制。这一段历史的亲历者们正在日益加速凋零——1959年，一个人15岁（一般而言，这是"有价值的口述"者年龄的最下限），现在已经70岁了。历史留给我们的时间已经不多，凡有志于此研究的同人们应该抓紧时间。</span></p>