公共厕所里的中国及其问题

<span style="color: #7f7f7f; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; background-color: #fafafa;">&nbsp;当我们要了解一个国家和社会的时候,我相信靠肉眼去观察我们可以看到的表面现象是不足够的,因为我们看到的往往更多的是表象,故而需要反思与追问,甚至需要结合逻辑去推理,这就要求我们必须带着一种侦探思维的&#8220;生活哲学&#8221;去思考我们的所见所闻。</span><br /><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #7f7f7f;">&nbsp;同时,在我们的日常生活中,还有一种是不需要用逻辑去推理,就可以窥见的现象,那就是&#8220;厕所里的信息&#8221;,特别是一些公共场所的厕所。这些信息不能够在光天化日之下&#8220;暴晒&#8221;,更多是因为法律不准和&#8220;社会主义道德&#8221;的不准。但是,他们都是涂尔干所说的&#8220;社会事实&#8221;,不容忽视。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #7f7f7f;">   如果我们对公共厕所进行一番田野调查,便会发现,类如&#8220;小姐&#8221;、&#8220;KJ&#8221;、&#8220;驾照分&#8221;、&#8220;四六级证书&#8221;、&#8220;包过&#8221;、&#8220;办证&#8221;、&#8220;Gay&#8221;、&#8220;代考&#8221;、&#8220;改分&#8221;、&#8220;嗑药&#8221;等等一系列的带着交易性质的词汇和标签被充斥在眼前,这些信息是否是造谣呢?是否是不存在的社会事实呢?&#8212;&#8212;明显不是。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #7f7f7f;">&nbsp;你还可以观察到,不同类别的公共场所,存在的&#8220;不可声张&#8221;的信息是不同的,有的甚至直接是犯罪行为,例如白粉、枪支等。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #7f7f7f;">   而在高校的厕所(高校姑且也可以看做是一个公共场合),更多的就是&#8220;代考&#8221;、&#8220;四六级证书办理&#8221;、&#8220;Gay&#8221;、甚至有时候还有&#8220;小姐&#8221;的字样。正是因为被需求,所以它们才有市场。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #7f7f7f;">   再如,一些市区的公共厕所,那看到的广告更多是&#8220;收驾照分&#8221;、&#8220;包小姐&#8221;、等性质的信息,这些信息在公共场所内所起到的作用是提醒、告知那些有需求的人购买。这也即是一种&#8220;需求&#8212;供给&#8221;的经济学模式。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #7f7f7f;">   即便是有这样的一种经济学理论来解释,但是对于绝大多数的&#8220;不可声张&#8221;的公共厕所广告,多半都是违法的,即不可以交易的行为。但是,法律在公共厕所里是被隐蔽的。比如,我们在山西阳泉市P县调查时,就发现一些城郊的厕所内部,有枪支弹药的小广告。有的甚至明目张胆的刷在厕所墙体的外面,一点都不隐蔽了,并且还附上出售人的电话,以此表明我们有这方面需求的提供。再比如,我们在广州市H广场,可以观察到一些公共厕所的马桶上有&#8220;收驾照分&#8221;等字样的小广告,甚至还有&#8220;黑人是XX人种&#8221;的字样被刷在厕所门的背面,蹲坑的时候,刚好目光对准这个广告,可谓是一目了然。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #7f7f7f;">  在《决策》杂志所刊发的《民营医院为什么喜欢治不孕不育》一文当中,有这类的描述:</span><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #7f7f7f;">一位莆田当地人在接受《南方周末》采访时说:&#8220;因为性病这东西不敢声张,不好意思在公立医院实名登记,而且哪怕治坏了,也认个倒霉,不会跟别人说,所以他们能从里面发财。&#8221;</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #7f7f7f;">   我们可以从这段话中发现,有些东西正是因为&#8220;不能声张&#8221;而又被人们所需要,故而才频繁的出现在厕所这些不被轻易声张的场合当中,且只有厕所,特别是公共场所的厕所就具备这种&#8220;得天独厚&#8221;的条件。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #7f7f7f;">   再就&#8220;表达的目的&#8221;不同而言,有的广告是&#8220;交易&#8221;,有的则不是。当然都不能声张。正如我们前面看到的例子,有的厕所写着&#8220;黑人XXX&#8221;等信息。当我们将其放到网上后,法国《世界报》集团的某位记者评价的是&#8220;这口气,和纳粹分子一样&#8221;。也就是说,这是明显的&#8220;种族主义&#8221;行为和话语。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #7f7f7f;">   如今,我国现在多半都是冲水的厕所,多数都会印上&#8220;来也冲冲,去也冲冲&#8221;,却和这类善意的社会标语不同的是,有的&#8220;不可声张&#8221;的灰色标语或广告,往往占据了另外一番区域,他们本身是被社会的法律或者道德所不容的,却又因为需要而屡禁不止。这恰如其分的说明了,社会的运行,并非是一套&#8220;规则&#8221;,而是两个逻辑。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #7f7f7f;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #c0504d;">用墨顿的话说,那些&#8220;不可声张&#8221;的,是&#8220;失范&#8221;的,但是&#8220;失范&#8221;的代价和功能往往需要我们再重新定义和评议。</span>特别是在中国的公共厕所里面,这类的&#8220;失范&#8221;行为,对他者是否公平?(类如考试改分等)又是否考虑到了公共区域的文化道德和法律管制(包养小姐、卖淫等),而如果想减少社会不稳定的因素(类如枪支弹药等),则需要对此类灰色广告进行治理,而不仅是清理。从源头上杜绝,就必须理解&#8220;没有买卖,就没有伤害&#8221;,&#8220;没有需要,就没有供给&#8221;的道理。也就是说,不能仅仅处罚那些提供者,还有需要者。就像如今惩治买卖人口的办法一样。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #7f7f7f;">   总而言之,从厕所窥见中国,是一个比较有趣的议题,至少我们看到了这个国家的一些背面,且如此的&#8220;显眼&#8221;。在阴暗的背后,恰好另外一个逻辑在运行着,他们同样起到社会运行的功能,有时候可能还是墨顿所说的&#8220;正功能&#8221;。但是,需要进一步做出分析的是,就公共厕所而言,分类的关注和处理,类如高校的,广场的,地铁的,KTV的,网吧的,乡村的厕所需要进行更加全面的调查和分析,这将更加有利于我们理解我们的社会,也更加有利于社会治理。</span></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; list-style: none; font-family: 瀹嬩綋, Tahoma; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; background-color: #fafafa; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #7f7f7f;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></span></p><br /> <div class="grammarly-disable-indicator"></div><div class="grammarly-disable-indicator"></div>