<p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px; font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; background-color: #ffffff;">津巴布韦前副总统埃默森·姆南加古瓦正式成为穆加贝的继任者。多年里，两人密切合作。在独立斗争期间，姆南加古瓦还曾在中国接受“军训”。</p><div style="margin: 7px 0px 10px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: none; width: 700px; clear: both; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;"><a href="http://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%9B%BE%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%97%E8%AE%AD-%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%A6%E6%96%B0%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%9D%A5%E5%A4%B4/a-41412615?&zhongwen=simp#" link="/overlay/image/article/41412615/41492365" rel="nofollow" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;"><img src="http://www.dw.com/image/41492365_303.jpg" title="Simbabwe Emmerson Mnangagwa in Harare (Reuters/M. Hutchings)" alt="Simbabwe Emmerson Mnangagwa in Harare (Reuters/M. Hutchings)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 700px; height: auto;" /></a><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #888888; padding: 4px 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; width: 720px;"></p></div><div style="margin-bottom: 30px; font-family: "Microsoft YaHei"; font-size: medium; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #3e3e3e; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei";"><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">（德国之声中文网）政变发生后，在许多津巴布韦人眼里，前副总统姆南加古瓦（Emmerson Mnangagwa）就是下一位国家领袖。数十年间，这位75岁老人在政界扮演了重要角色，不过，他总是处在长年总统穆加贝的影子里。南非安全政策研究所（ISS）分析专家马提斯扎克（Derek Matyszak）在接受德国之声采访时表示，50年来，姆南加古瓦一直站在穆加贝一边，"他一度被视为穆加贝的线人。"</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><span style="color: #000000; font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei";">"鳄鱼"</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">在津巴布韦，姆南加古瓦以"鳄鱼"别名着称，这源于他的无情和隐秘。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">像穆加贝一样，他作为政治活跃人士在长达数十年的国内反白人少数统治斗争中积累了政治资本。津巴布韦曾是英国南罗得西亚殖民地。姆南加古瓦参加了津巴布韦非洲民族联盟（ZANU）反抗史密斯（Ian Smith）总理政府的斗争。该联盟后来成为津巴布韦执政党-津巴布韦非洲民族联盟-爱国阵线（ZANU-PF）。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">1965年，史密斯单方面宣布罗得西亚脱离英国，建立起白人少数人统治制度。在埃及和中国接受军事训练后，姆南加古瓦率领一支取名为"鳄鱼"的游击队，实施针对史密斯破坏行动。当年，姆南加古瓦被捕，并被判处死刑，但念其年轻，被改为10年监禁。后来，又被延长刑期，一度与穆吉贝同为囚友。</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: none; width: 700px; clear: both;"><a href="http://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%9B%BE%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%97%E8%AE%AD-%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%A6%E6%96%B0%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%9D%A5%E5%A4%B4/a-41412615?&zhongwen=simp#" link="/overlay/image/article/41412615/41393669" rel="nofollow" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;"><img width="700" height="394" src="http://www.dw.com/image/41393669_401.jpg" title="姆南加古瓦（左）与穆加贝（2014年12月）" alt="Emmerson Mnangagwa und Robert Mugabe in Simbabwe (picture alliance/dpa/AP Photo/T. Mukwazhi)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 700px; height: auto;" /></a><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #888888; padding: 4px 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; width: 720px;">姆南加古瓦（左）与穆加贝（2014年12月）</p></div><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">出狱后，姆南加古瓦去邻国赞比亚学法律专业。1980年，津巴布韦正式独立后，他被任命为安全部长，一度还担任财政部长和国防部长，并是议会发言人。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><span style="color: #000000; font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei";">以强力镇压出名</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">姆南加古瓦因在1980年代不名誉的古库拉洪迪（Gukurahundi）行动中出手狠辣而着称。当时，在朝鲜接受过训练的精锐部队向出自恩迪贝里（Ndebele）族群的反政府人士大开杀戒，估计导致2万人丧生。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">多年里，姆南加古瓦曾被视为老年穆加贝的潜在的接班人。然而，2004年，他却被解除了执政党行政书记的职务。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">倒霉４年后，穆加贝又让姆南加古瓦重返权力中心，负责选举事务，以助他再度当选总统。作为选举的后果，美国和欧盟对穆纳加古瓦实施制裁、人权组织对他提出指控，理由是他要对暴力镇压政治反对派负领导责任。不过，他继续左右逢源，在穆加贝政府中拥有高位。2014年，他取代穆朱鲁（Joyce Mujuru），任副总统，再度成为穆加贝的潜在接班人。</p><div style="margin: 0px; padding: 7px 20px 10px 0px; float: none; width: 700px; clear: both;"><a href="http://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%9B%BE%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%97%E8%AE%AD-%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%A6%E6%96%B0%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%9D%A5%E5%A4%B4/a-41412615?&zhongwen=simp#" link="/overlay/image/article/41412615/41393647" rel="nofollow" style="color: #0087eb; text-decoration-line: none; cursor: pointer;"><img width="700" height="394" src="http://www.dw.com/image/41393647_401.jpg" title="姆南加古瓦同穆加贝夫妇于2016年2月在一次纪念集会上" alt="Emmerson Mnangagwa und Robert Mugabe in Simbabwe (Getty Images/AFP/J. Njikizana)" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 700px; height: auto;" /></a><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #888888; padding: 4px 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; width: 720px;">姆南加古瓦同穆加贝夫妇于2016年2月在一次纪念集会上</p></div><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><span style="color: #000000; font-size: 19px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei";">"相互利用"</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">南非安全政策研究所（ISS）分析专家马提斯扎克指出，穆加贝和姆南加古瓦间关系的这种上下起伏是两人战略伙伴关系的明证。他对德国之声表示，"穆加贝和姆南加古瓦的关系似乎是一种相互利用，而非友谊"。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">在姆南加古瓦和穆加贝之妻格雷斯为成为老迈总统的继承人而展开激烈较量时，这种关系再度变质。格雷斯·穆加贝大举攻击丈夫的这位曾经的盟友，指控他试图篡权。姆南加古瓦的支持者们则反过来指控穆加贝夫人试图囚禁姆南加古瓦。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">11月6日，穆加贝宣布解除姆南加古瓦的副总统职务。穆加贝数天后在同幕僚谈话时称，"他曾询问医生，以确认，我何时会死。"穆加贝政府中的新闻部长莫约（Simon Khaya Moyo）也宣称，这位前副总统不忠实。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">专家马提斯扎克表示，人们原来会想，穆加贝和姆南加古瓦之间有着某种盟友关系，然而，穆加贝准备炒姆南加古瓦鱿鱼的方式让人们看到，他对后者根本就没有任何诚信可言。</p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;">被穆加贝解职后，姆南加古瓦出于安全考虑逃亡国外。11月21日，他重返津巴布韦首都哈拉雷。在抵达后发表的第一次公众演讲中，75岁的姆南加古瓦向支持者表示，津巴布韦将开启政治新篇章。</p><div style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei";"><div style="width: 720px; float: left;"><div data-id="41400173" data-title="穆加贝的中国情" data-date="20171115" style="float: left; width: 700px; height: auto; margin: 0px 0px 30px; background-color: #000000; position: static !important;"><ul style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; list-style: none inside; overflow: hidden; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 15px; line-height: 22px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; position: relative; width: 700px; height: 572px;"><li style="background-image: url("../cssi/list-blip.png"); background-position: 1px 10px; background-size: initial; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; opacity: 1; min-height: 544px; display: block; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 8;"><div style="float: left; position: relative; width: 700px; height: 394px; overflow: hidden; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; background-color: #111111; clear: both; top: 0px; left: 0px; z-index: 10; cursor: pointer;"><img src="http://www.dw.com/image/41397500_303.jpg" title="BG Mugabe wurde Premierminister 18.04.1980 (picture-alliance/abaca/G. Buthaud)" alt="BG Mugabe wurde Premierminister 18.04.1980 (picture-alliance/abaca/G. Buthaud)" style="width: 700px;" /></div><div style="position: relative; left: 0px; bottom: 0px; z-index: 11; width: 700px; margin: 0px; padding: 15px; box-sizing: border-box; float: left; height: auto; min-height: 150px;"><div></div><h4>穆加贝的中国情</h4><h2>带领津巴布韦走上独立之路</h2><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; color: #bbbbbb; font-size: 16px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; width: auto;">1980年4月18日，罗得西亚独立运动领袖穆加贝成为该国总理，国家宣布独立并更名为津巴布韦，从此这个位于非洲南部的国家结束了近100年的英国殖民的历史。1987年，穆加贝接任该国总统直到今天。</p></div></li></ul><br /><div style="background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; height: 40px;"><div style="position: relative; z-index: 100; left: 6px; bottom: 0px; width: 679px; overflow: hidden;"><div style="float: right;"><a rel="nofollow" style="color: #888888; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif; display: block; float: left; width: 16px; height: 12px; background: url("../cssi/icons-pagination.png") -80px -80px no-repeat;"></a><a rel="nofollow" style="color: #888888; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif; display: block; float: left; width: 16px; height: 12px; background: url("../cssi/icons-pagination.png") -120px -80px no-repeat;"></a><a rel="nofollow" style="color: #888888; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif; display: block; float: left; width: 16px; height: 12px; background: url("../cssi/icons-pagination.png") -160px -80px no-repeat;"></a><a rel="nofollow" style="color: #888888; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif; display: block; float: left; width: 16px; height: 12px; background: url("../cssi/icons-pagination.png") -200px -80px no-repeat;"></a></div><a rel="nofollow" style="color: #888888; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif; display: block; float: left; width: 16px; height: 12px; background: url("../cssi/icons-pagination.png") 0px -80px no-repeat;"></a><span style="width: 535px; display: block; overflow: hidden;"><a href="http://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%9B%BE%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%97%E8%AE%AD-%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%A6%E6%96%B0%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%9D%A5%E5%A4%B4/a-41412615?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p0" style="color: #ffffff; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">1</a><a href="http://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%9B%BE%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%97%E8%AE%AD-%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%A6%E6%96%B0%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%9D%A5%E5%A4%B4/a-41412615?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p1" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">2</a><a href="http://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%9B%BE%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%97%E8%AE%AD-%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%A6%E6%96%B0%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%9D%A5%E5%A4%B4/a-41412615?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p2" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">3</a><a href="http://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%9B%BE%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%97%E8%AE%AD-%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%A6%E6%96%B0%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%9D%A5%E5%A4%B4/a-41412615?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p3" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">4</a><a href="http://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%9B%BE%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%97%E8%AE%AD-%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%A6%E6%96%B0%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%9D%A5%E5%A4%B4/a-41412615?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p4" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">5</a><a href="http://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%9B%BE%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%97%E8%AE%AD-%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%A6%E6%96%B0%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%9D%A5%E5%A4%B4/a-41412615?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p5" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">6</a><a href="http://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%9B%BE%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%97%E8%AE%AD-%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%A6%E6%96%B0%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%9D%A5%E5%A4%B4/a-41412615?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p6" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">7</a><a href="http://www.dw.com/zh/%E6%9B%BE%E5%9C%A8%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8F%97%E8%AE%AD-%E6%B4%A5%E5%B7%B4%E5%B8%83%E9%9F%A6%E6%96%B0%E6%80%BB%E7%BB%9F%E4%BB%80%E4%B9%88%E6%9D%A5%E5%A4%B4/a-41412615?&zhongwen=simp#" id="p7" style="color: #888888; text-decoration-line: none; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; padding: 4px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 15px; line-height: 20px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei", sans-serif;">8</a></span></div></div></div></div></div><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px; font-family: "MS Song", "MS Hei"; padding: 0px 40px 12px 0px;"><br /></p></div></div>