<p style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">这里的钱来自全国各地,从富裕的东南沿海地区到干旱的西北地区,成千上万的人都在想方设法绕开政府对资金外流的严格控制。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">在有关部门打掉这个地下钱庄之前,已有逾1万人最终通过钱庄成功地把200亿元(约合30亿美元)撤出了中国,中国官方通讯社新华社<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/legal/2017-11/22/c_1121996782.htm" title="Link: http://news.xinhuanet.com/legal/2017-11/22/c_1121996782.htm" style="text-decoration: none; color: #004276; outline: 0px;">周四报道说</a>。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">在广东省南部的韶关侦破的这个地下钱庄,让人得以一瞥中国公民是如何避开政府的限制,把他们的钱输送到境外的。他们的努力在两年前已对全球产生影响,当时人们对中国经济前景<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://cn.nytimes.com/business/20160214/c14db-chinaexodus/" title="Link: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/14/business/dealbook/chinese-start-to-lose-confidence-in-their-currency.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: #004276; outline: 0px;">失去信心</a>,导致许多中国人把钱转往国外,大笔的资金外流让中国外汇储备引人注目地<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20170208/08china-bank-foreign-reserves/" title="Link: https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20170208/08china-bank-foreign-reserves/" style="text-decoration: none; color: #004276; outline: 0px;">缩水了1万亿美元</a>。这种外流给人们长期所持的中国是全球主要经济增长引擎的观念蒙上了阴影。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">幸亏<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/19/business/china-gdp-economic-growth.html" title="Link: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/19/business/china-gdp-economic-growth.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: #004276; outline: 0px;">经济前景有所改善</a>,再加上让<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20170327/china-money-outflows-country-garden/" title="Link: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/24/business/china-money-outflows-country-garden.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: #004276; outline: 0px;">资金留在国内</a>的<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/business/dealbook/china-currency.html" title="Link: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/26/business/dealbook/china-currency.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: #004276; outline: 0px;">新严厉措施</a>,中国似乎已<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20170912/china-currency-renminbi/" title="Link: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/11/business/china-currency-renminbi.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: #004276; outline: 0px;">平息了资金涌向海外的大潮</a>。但周四报道的侦破地下钱庄一事,显示了当局在强制执行限制资金离境上会走多远。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">周四的报道称,中国警方拘留了七名涉嫌参与该地下钱庄的人。当局在钱庄查到148个“非法账户”,涉及高达1万余人,新华社的报道说。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">地下钱庄在中国是非法的,但很常见。据中国公安部的数据,去年,地下钱庄的交易总额超过了人民币9000亿元(约合1370亿美元)。人们躲避政府限制的其他方法还包括把资金输向澳门的赌场(澳门是中国唯一的赌博合法的地方)以及使用信用卡在海外购买奢侈品和可在海外兑为现金的保险。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">中国对允许多少资金离境施加了严格的限制。这些限制帮助政府<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20170412/trump-china-currency-manipulation-trade/" title="Link: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/11/business/economy/trump-china-currency-manipulation-trade.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: #004276; outline: 0px;">牢牢控制着人民币的价值</a>,而且中国当局把在紧急情况下(比如1997年的亚洲金融危机和2008年爆发的全球经济危机)帮助维持金融体系稳定的功劳归于这些限制。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">政府规定中国公民每年最多可将5万美元转到境外。但通过商业渠道和其他战略投资,人们<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20171122/china-energy-cefc/" title="Link: https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/21/business/china-energy-cefc.html" style="text-decoration: none; color: #004276; outline: 0px;">可以转出更多的资金</a>。<br /></p><p style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">两年前,越来越多的人开始躲避政府的资金外流限制。<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20150630/c30yuan/" title="Link: https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20150630/c30yuan/" style="text-decoration: none; color: #004276; outline: 0px;">股市暴跌</a>、<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20150812/c12up-china/" title="Link: https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20150812/c12up-china/" style="text-decoration: none; color: #004276; outline: 0px;">政府出人意料地让人民币贬值</a>以及经济增长放缓的前景等因素,让许多人想为他们的钱寻找更安全的地方。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">中国国家主席习近平已把控制金融风险作为首要任务。他的政府已经关闭了交易神秘数码货币的平台,宣布了对在海外购买房地产、娱乐业和足球俱乐部的控制,并对海外支付进行了限制。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">中国的地下钱庄业务主要集中在毗邻于香港和澳门的大陆城市,香港和澳门是有自己法治的中国特别行政区。<br /></p><p style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">据官方报纸《广州日报》报道,韶关警方得到一个可疑银行账户的线索,该账户是居住在毗邻澳门的中国南部城市珠海的一个钟姓居民在2011年开设的。报道只给出了钟先生的姓。这个账户在很多年里几乎没有任何交易,但在2016年的短时间内发生了121笔交易,涉及人民币9853万元,引起了当局对参与交易者的更密切关注。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">新华社的报道称,当局最终发现,运营这家地下钱庄的人非法购买和窃取了200多人的身份证件,用这些证件来设立钱庄运作所需的假账户。新闻报道没有披露地下钱庄如何运作的详细信息。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">韶关政府和警方都没有回复记者的置评请求。<br /></p><p style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">据国内的新闻报道,钱庄的足迹看来通向澳门。新华社说,引发调查的可疑账户是专门为姓沈的澳门赌客开设的。报道说,“由犯罪团伙多名成员”把人民币兑换成港币,交付给沈某。香港有自己的货币,港币的价值与美元挂钩。<br /></p><p style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">新华社的报道没有给出沈先生的详细情况。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">澳门面临着对资本外流进行严格控制的压力。据《澳门每日时报》(Macau Daily Times)报道,最近,澳门为自动柜员机安装了人脸识别软件,以监视中国银行卡使用者的交易。</p><p style="line-height: 24px; font-size: 14px; font-family: Arial, "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">新华社<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://news.xinhuanet.com/2017-02/26/c_1120531826.htm" title="Link: http://www.sohu.com/a/129937722_355011" style="text-decoration: none; color: #004276; outline: 0px;">此前曾承认</a>,地下钱庄具有一定的“诱惑性”,特别是对那些资金来源有问题的人;但也警告说,如果钱庄主潜逃或欺诈客户,“广大群众可能面临财产损失”。</p>