摆平太子党:沙特中共手段不同风险一样

<div></div><div><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 28px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">沙特32岁的王储穆罕默德&#183;本&#183;萨勒曼(Mohammed bin Salman)在11月初突然把数十名沙特王子和亿万富豪关进了利雅得丽思卡尔顿酒店,要求他们交出贪污的非法所得才能走出这座金碧辉煌的临时监狱。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">沙特这场自上而下的反腐风暴被许多人说成是权力斗争,因为这些被关押的沙特王子和富豪大多是具有挑战王储权威潜力的统治精英。这些人是不带引号的太子党,用中国的术语讲是沙特的"红二代"。</p><div>&nbsp;</div><div>&nbsp;<p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">中国的"太子党"是指中共资深领导人的子女,也叫"红二代",即一小部分早期参加中共革命的高级领导人的子女。普遍认为习近平上位担任最高领导人得到了他们的支持。但是中共19大后,有观察家认为"太子党"在19大党代表中已成"弱势群体"。</p><h2>沙特反腐</h2><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">按照王储萨勒曼的说法:"我们国家从80年代到今天一直深受腐败困扰。我们的专家估计,从上到下的腐败,每年消耗了约10%的政府开支。多年来政府发起一次次\’反腐战争\’,但都失败了。原因是反腐是自下而上。"</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">"我父亲认识到容忍这样级别的腐败继续下去,我们就不可能继续留在20国集团内。2015年初他最早的政令之一就是搜集顶层的腐败材料。小组工作了两年,收集了最准确的信息,然后他们提交了约200个名字。"</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">现在王储让沙特公共检察官采取行动,他们给被逮捕的涉嫌腐败的亿万富翁或王子两种选择:"我们对他们出示了掌握的所有文件,他们看到这些证据后,95%的人马上同意和解,"这意味着签字向沙特国家财政部交出现金或他们的商业股份。</p><figure style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/2202/production/_98960780_eeb5533a-c14d-455a-bb03-8811cbc6984d.jpg" datasrc="https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/2202/production/_98960780_eeb5533a-c14d-455a-bb03-8811cbc6984d.jpg" alt="穆罕默德&#183;本&#183;萨勒曼(Mohammed bin Salman)" width="624" height="351" data-highest-encountered-width="624" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 616.203px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in; display: block;" /></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">沙特王储穆罕默德&#183;本&#183;萨勒曼在11月初突然把数十名沙特王子和亿万富豪关进了利雅得丽思卡尔顿酒店</span></figcaption></figure></div><div>&nbsp;</div>&nbsp;<p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">萨勒曼说,"约有1%能够证明他们清白,他们的案件当场撤销。约有4%的人说他们没有腐败,并且带律师希望走法律程序。他说如此一来,沙特最终将能够从"和解中得到约1000亿美元。"</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">但是消息人士对英国《每日邮报》透露,沙特王储通过获取被扣押者的银行账户以及冻结资产得到了超过1940亿美元的资金。</p><h2>被吊打?</h2><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">BBC的利斯&#183;杜赛可能是进入利雅得丽思卡尔顿酒店这座临时"监狱"拍摄的唯一记者,但似乎她也没有采访到里面的"囚徒"。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">据《纽约时报》媒体报道,这次的反腐举措似乎得到沙特民众的支持。沙特民众的态度是,"把他们倒提起来抖一抖,直到把他们兜里的钱全倒出来为止!"</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">但是据英国的《每日邮报》报道,这些被关押的王子倒是真地被王储从国外带来的雇佣兵吊打,用刑。消息人士对英国报纸记者说,审讯由被王储请到沙特的"美国雇佣兵"执行。这些曾经属于沙特最有权势集团的王子和富翁受到了殴打,折磨,扇耳光,和其他侮辱。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">目前,沙特王国气氛紧张,王储绕开国家安全部队,用特别手段将王子和亿万富翁们关押在豪华酒店。酒店外面由沙特特种部队的装甲车把守。</p><figure style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/1569A/production/_98960778_b6311ad2-1be3-487e-8ce5-4dce4c8ada5a.jpg" datasrc="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/1569A/production/_98960778_b6311ad2-1be3-487e-8ce5-4dce4c8ada5a.jpg" alt="利雅得丽思卡尔顿酒店" width="624" height="351" data-highest-encountered-width="624" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 616.203px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in; display: block;" /></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">利雅得丽思卡尔顿酒店成了关押王子和亿万富翁的镀金监狱</span></figcaption></figure><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">不愿意透露姓名的消息人士说,内部由私人保安公司负责,因为王储不愿意使用沙特军人拘禁从前一直接受他们敬礼的显贵。这些保安人员被从阿布扎比调来,他们现在控制一切。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">《纽约时报》最近也报道了刑讯的消息。在利雅得一所医院的医生和美国官员对英国《泰晤士报》说,17名被拘禁者需要治疗。</p><h2>政治风险</h2><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">中国自上而下的反腐运动一向因为没有"新闻自由","缺乏透明"而受到外界的诟病。但是同样没有选举民主,没有言论自由和宗教自由的沙特进行的自上而下的整肃却被《纽约时报》评论员弗里德曼说成是沙特的"阿拉伯之春"。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">沙特王储萨勒曼显然试图效仿沙特创立者伊本&#183;沙特国王,通过整肃试图塑造一个没有腐败,没有政治反对势力的新沙特。但是他在统治阶层内部进行整肃具有相当的政治风险,甚至有人说会带来合法性危机。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">虽然事后美国总统特朗普赞扬王储,发推特说对他有信心。但是美国国务院的消息人士对记者说,沙特王储"行事鲁莽,没有仔细考虑其行动的后果,或许美国利益会受到损害"。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">有分析认为,萨勒曼排斥了沙特政治上层中不受其直接控制的大部分势力,争取中下层的支持,这么做面临的一个问题是:他把个人更直接地和政治和社会改革成败作捆绑,因此加剧了政治风险。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">"红二代"作为整体在中国政治中可能不如重要王室成员在沙特王国中具有举足轻重的地位,但是习近平上位得到了"红二代"鼎力支持。</p><figure style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: inherit; margin: 24px -24.6406px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #111111; clear: both;"><span style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block; position: relative;"><img src="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/624/cpsprodpb/17DAA/production/_98960779_mediaitem98073581.jpg" datasrc="https://ichef-1.bbci.co.uk/news/320/cpsprodpb/17DAA/production/_98960779_mediaitem98073581.jpg" alt="习近平,江泽民,胡锦涛" width="660" height="371" data-highest-encountered-width="624" style="color: #bdbdbd; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; height: auto; max-width: 100%; user-select: none; width: 616.203px; transition: opacity 0.2s ease-in; display: block;" /></span><figcaption style="border: 0px; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 16px; vertical-align: baseline; visibility: visible;"><span style="border: 0px !important; color: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 14px; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px !important; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">Image caption</span><span style="border: 0px; color: #ececec; font-style: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: 0.75rem; font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.33333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; display: block;">习近平弱化了"红二代"在权力核心的分量,加大了其个人同国家政治成败的捆绑</span></figcaption></figure><h2>个人捆绑</h2><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">在2012年秋担任党内最高职位后不久,习近平突然从公众视线中消失,住院将近两周时间。据日本记者中泽克二说,习近平利用那两周时间广泛接触"红二代",取得了他们对其反腐计划以及大幅度军改的支持。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">十九大后,被看成习近平的左膀右臂的王岐山退出后,习近平成了新政治局7人常委中唯一的"红二代"。王岐山的岳父是中共元老姚依林,在1989年天安门民主运动被镇压前后担任过政治局常委。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">25人的政治局委员中有一位"红二代"是中央军委副主席张又侠上将。张又侠是习近平儿时的朋友,他的父亲张宗逊是中共开国上将。张宗逊和习近平的父亲习仲勋同为陕北人,两人在国共内战初期在陕西接下并肩战斗的友谊。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">习近平把父辈显赫的"红二代"势力排除出权力核心,减少了挑战最高权力政治资源的人选,同时在自己身边安插了同自己在不同时期共事过的平民出身的官员,淡化了红色基因,加强了政治服从。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">习近平思想被写入党章,习近平为自己树立了超乎胡锦涛和江泽民两位前任的地位,甚至比肩邓小平。突出自己权威的同时,弱化了"红二代"在权力核心的分量,自然就加大了习近平个人同国家政治成败的捆绑,个人政治风险也随着增加。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, &quot;WenQuanYi Micro Hei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">许多"红二代"的父辈在文革中被毛泽东整肃。文革结束后,中共党章明文禁止搞个人崇拜。习近平的权威可能面对来自太子党的不满。</p></div>