<p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><div style="display: inline-block;"><img class="img-lazyload" src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/12/15/arts/15wordyear1/merlin_123267527_1c4e8e23-971e-44f2-af89-fddfaa4e1cfc-articleLarge.jpg" data-url="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2017/12/15/arts/15wordyear1/merlin_123267527_1c4e8e23-971e-44f2-af89-fddfaa4e1cfc-articleLarge.jpg" alt="5月，年轻投票者与英国反对党工党领袖杰里米·科尔宾自拍合影。在6月份关于英国议会选举的报道中，“青年震荡”一词的使用量首次飙升。" width="600" height="421" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border-width: initial; border-style: none; background-image: url("../../img/download.gif"); background-position: center center; background-size: initial; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; text-indent: -9999px; min-height: 64px; display: inline-block; max-width: 600px; height: auto; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: center;" /><span style="font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-align: center;"></span></div></p><p class="photoCredit" style="list-style: none; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; font-size: 11px; color: #999999; width: 560px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">Phil Noble/Reuters</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 5px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; padding: 0px; color: #666666; width: 560px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">5月，年轻投票者与英国反对党工党领袖杰里米·科尔宾自拍合影。在6月份关于英国议会选举的报道中，“青年震荡”一词的使用量首次飙升。</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"> </p><div>韦氏词典(Merriam-Webster)选出的年度词语是“女性主义”(<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/word-of-the-year-2017-feminism" title="Link: https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/word-of-the-year-2017-feminism" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; color: #cc2222;">feminism</a>)；Dictionary.com网站选的是“同谋”(<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.dictionary.com/e/word-of-the-year-2017/" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; color: #cc2222;">complicit</a>)；而剑桥词典(Cambridge Dictionary)选的是“民粹主义”(<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://dictionaryblog.cambridge.org/2017/11/29/cambridge-dictionarys-word-of-the-year-2017/" title="Link: https://dictionaryblog.cambridge.org/2017/11/29/cambridge-dictionarys-word-of-the-year-2017/" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; color: #cc2222;">populism</a>)。</div><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">现在，牛津词典(Oxford Dictionaries)宣布它的2017年国际年度词语是……“青年震荡”(<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/word-of-the-year/word-of-the-year-2017" title="Link: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/word-of-the-year/word-of-the-year-2017" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; color: #cc2222;">youthquake</a>)？</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">“青年震荡”——<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/youthquake" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; color: #cc2222;">它的定义</a>是“因年轻人的行动或影响而引发的重大文化、政治或社会变革”——击败了从政治角度选出的<a href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/word-of-the-year/shortlist-2017" target="_blank" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; color: #cc2222;">候选</a><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/word-of-the-year/shortlist-2017" title="Link: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/word-of-the-year/shortlist-2017" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; color: #cc2222;">名单</a>上的其他词语，包括“反法西斯”(Antifa)、“broflake”（玻璃心男子）、“黑材料”(kompromat)、“脆弱”(fragility)和“奶昔鸭”(<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/27/arts/milkshake-duck-meme.html" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; color: #cc2222;">Milkshake</a><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/06/27/arts/milkshake-duck-meme.html" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; color: #cc2222;"> Duck</a>)。牛津词典新词汇项目的负责人凯瑟琳·康纳·马丁(Katherine Connor Martin)承认，这是一个不同寻常的选择。</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">前《Vogue》主编戴安娜·弗里兰(Diana Vreeland)似乎是在20世纪60年代创造了“youthquake”一词，用以描述“摇摆伦敦”运动(Swinging London)中的青年文化，这个词偶见于时尚谈话中。但是，根据牛津英语语料库(Oxford English Corpus)的分析，在过去的一年里，它的使用频率增加了约400%。该语料库每个月收集约1.5亿个英语口语和书面词语。</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">在6月份关于英国议会选举的报道中，它的使用量首次飙升，当时年轻投票者数量的激增打击了保守党，而后扩展到新西兰、澳大利亚和美国等地的政治评论中。</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">“它很对称，”马丁说。“它最初指的是婴儿潮时代出生的人成年后给时尚带来的变化。现在，它出现在选举政治语境中，因为千禧一代取代了婴儿潮一代。”</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">有些词典的年度之选是基于查词频率。马丁表示，牛津词典的年度词语不仅反映了社会和政治议题，而且意在强调语言随着时间流逝而变化的方式（该词典去年选择的是“后真相”[<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/16/arts/post-truth-defeats-alt-right-as-oxfords-word-of-the-year.html" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; color: #cc2222;">post-truth</a>]）。</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">今年短名单上的一些词，如“黑材料”和“<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/antifa-word-of-the-year-2017-shortlist" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; color: #cc2222;">反法西斯</a>”，都是外来词，由于时事的缘故，突然成了普通英语词汇的一部分。还有一些是新造词，它们反映了互相交叉、长期发展的语言趋势。</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">以“<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2017/07/31/on-the-radar-broflake/" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; color: #cc2222;">玻璃心男子</a>”为例，它是一个贬义词，指的是那些很容易被进步观点冒犯的保守人士（他们嘲笑进步人士是过于敏感的“雪花”[snowflakes])。它反映了一种倾向，那就是，以高度讽刺、自我参照的方式借用他人对自己的侮辱进行反击，尤其是在网络对话中。</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">它也反映出将“bro-”（兄弟）和“man-”（男子）结合起来的合并新造词（你可以称它们为<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2013/10/09/the-rise-of-the-portmanbro/" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; color: #cc2222;">portmanbros</a>［由bro构成的合成词］）越来越呈现出一种关键优势，因应了围绕性别议题的谈话变化。</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">“我们是如何从‘bromance’（兄弟情）或‘man cave’（男人窝）等相对温和的表达，转向‘broflake’或‘manspreading’（男性岔腿而坐）等含有更多批评意味的词语的——这个现象很有趣，”马丁说。“它表明，人们越来越有兴趣质疑他们眼中的男性特权。”</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">马丁强调，词典应该提供关于词语使用方式的客观信息，而不是在当代问题上发表意见。不过，牛津词典在声明中承认，“青年震荡”是一个罕见的新兴政治词语，它听起来像一个“充满希望的音符”。</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">当然，并不是每个人都认为，<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.buzzfeed.com/ryanschocket2/17-reasons-millennials-are-actually-the-worst" style="list-style: none; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-decoration-line: none; color: #cc2222;">令人畏惧的千禧一代</a>正在接管语言是个好消息。马丁郑重声明自己是“Xennial”一代，也就是在有时被称为“X一代”(Gen X)之后的数量不多的一代人。</p><p style="list-style: none; margin-top: 10px; padding: 0px; font-size: 15px; line-height: 24px; color: #333333; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;">“我们考虑过将‘Xennial’加入短名单，”她说，“但它没有过关。”</p><div style="list-style: none; margin: 20px 0px; padding: 0px; color: #999999; line-height: 18px; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, "Hiragino Sans GB", "Lantinghei SC", "Heiti SC", sans-serif; background-color: #ffffff;"><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px;"></p><p style="list-style: none; padding: 0px;">翻译：王相宜</p></div>