藏语教育倡导者扎西文色面临“煽动分裂罪”审判

<div><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/12201831tibet-master1050.jpg" width="650" height="433" alt="" /></div><div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.875rem; margin: 0.125rem 0px; color: #666666; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">扎西文色若被判犯有煽动分裂国家罪,最高将面临15年有期徒刑。他说,他只是希望当地政府能够提供更多藏语教育。</span>&nbsp;<cite style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 0.6875rem; font-style: normal; color: #666666; display: inline; margin: 0px; line-height: 0.6875rem; text-transform: uppercase; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;">GILLES SABRI&#201; FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES</cite><br />&nbsp;</p><div><span style="font-size: 12pt;">中国官员计划在本周以&#8220;煽动分裂国家&#8221;的罪名,开庭审理提倡更广泛藏语教育的扎西文色(Tashi Wangchuk),据他的律师说,煽动分裂罪最高可判处15年有期徒刑。</span></div><div>&nbsp;</div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">扎西文色现年32岁,已在玉树附近被拘留了近两年。玉树位于中国西部地区的青藏高原。他是中国</span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20170120/china-tibetan-education-advocate/" title="Link: https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20170120/china-tibetan-education-advocate/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">最有名的政治犯之一</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;">。2016年1月,警方将他从家中带走,在被带走的两个月前,他曾出现在《纽约时报》关于藏语教育的</span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/video/world/100000004063185/china-tibet-activist-cn.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">视频</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;">和</span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20151130/c30tibet/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">报道</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;">中。扎西文色也发过关于藏语教育的博客帖子。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">扎西文色的律师之一梁小军上周在网上发消息说,青海省玉树中级人民法院的官员已通知扎西文色周四出庭。国际人权组织和境外的西藏维权团体谴责了即将进行的审理。维权人士迈克尔&#183;卡斯特(Michael Caster)</span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/michaelcaster/status/946665489115181057" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">在Twitter上称</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;">,该案是&#8220;一种嘲弄&#8221;。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">中共官员通常在政治案审理前就已经决定了审判结果,被告几乎总是被判有罪,判处徒刑。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">由于扎西文色的案子引人注目,任何监禁判决都将导致国际社会对中国侵犯人权记录的进一步指责。人权观察(</span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/01/15/china-drop-charges-against-tibetan-education-activist" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Human Rights Watch</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;">)、国际特赦组织(Amnesty International)、美国笔会(</span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://pen.org/darkened-screen-constraints-on-foreign-journalists-in-china/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">PEN America</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;">)以及北京的美国驻华大使馆都曾因该案公开批评过中国政府。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">2016年12月,时任美国驻华大使的马克斯&#183;鲍卡斯(Max Baucus)发表了一份关于政治犯的</span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://beijing.usembassy-china.org.cn/ambassador-human-rights-day-statement-2016.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">长篇声明</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;">,指出扎西文色&#8220;因和平倡导藏语教育而身陷囹圄&#8221;。人权观察曾呼吁中国撤销对扎西文色的指控。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">少数民族问题是中国最敏感的问题之一。梁小军在以前的采访中曾表示,扎西文色在《纽约时报》关于藏语的视频中接受采访,尤其让玉树警方愤怒。虽然,扎西文色对时报记者说,他不支持西藏独立,或者说不支持分裂,他只是想推动当地学校进行适当的藏语教育、推动政府部门使用藏语。当地学校将汉语教育放在首位。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">扎西文色坚持实名接受采访,他说只有实名才对观众和读者有意义。在由乔纳&#183;M&#183;凯塞尔(Jonah M. Kessel)制作的时报视频中,扎西文色前往北京,试图对玉树政府官员提起诉讼,迫使他们增加藏语教学。视频还显示,扎西文色试图让中国的国家新闻机构报道他的旅行目的。</span></p><div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">扎西文色的困境已成为对海外藏人有感召力的事件。去年7月,住在西藏和中国之外的西藏倡导者向扎西文色颁发了&#8220;</span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=39283" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">丹增德勒仁波切(Tenzin Delek</span></a><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=39283" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">&nbsp;Rinpoche</span></a><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.phayul.com/news/article.aspx?id=39283" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">)勇气勋章</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;">&#8221;,这个奖的评选委员会也包括人权观察的代表和国际特赦组织英国分部的代表。评奖人在一份声明中说,把勋章发给扎西文色,是为了&#8220;表彰他为西藏人民争取藏人权益和正义的勇气和献身精神&#8221;。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">扎西文色的案子出现过出人意料的转折。警方官员曾在2016年3月在一份文件中说,他们</span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://cn.nytimes.com/china/20160331/c31tibet/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">正在调查扎西文色</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;">煽动分裂的行为。公诉人在收到警方送来的材料后,将案子提交给法院,希望正式起诉扎西文色并对他进行审理;但那之后,检方却要求法院</span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20161229/tashi-wangchuk-tibet-china/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">将案子退回</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;">,以便做进一步的调查。扎西文色的律师之一蔺其磊当时曾表示,这种做法&#8220;非常罕见&#8221;。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">一年后,法院看起来已经做好了开庭审理此案的准备。蔺其磊说,他已定于周二飞往玉树。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">扎西文色曾在玉树中心区经营一家名为&#8220;结古&#8221;(藏语Gyegu)的商店,并通过电子商务巨头</span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20140909/c09alibaba/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">阿里巴巴</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;">旗下的淘宝网在线平台,把玉树的土特产卖给中国各地的购物者。2014年,阿里巴巴在首次公开发行股票之前,曾在公司为投资者制作的路演视频中</span><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uiJJHa6FkYs" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">专门介绍过扎西文色</span></a><span style="font-size: 12pt;">。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Heiti SC&quot;, &quot;Microsoft Yahei&quot;, simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">许多藏人对中共的统治不满。2008年,中国安全部队镇压了一次大规模的西藏起义;自2009年以来,至少已有160名藏人自焚,他们这样做看来是对共产党表示抗议。&nbsp;</span></p></div></div>


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