<div><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/112201812-3.jpg" width="660" height="371" alt="" /></div><div><span style="color: #ececec; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; background-color: #111111;">2017年12月，台湾总统蔡英文接见“美国外交政策全国委员会”访问团</span></div><div> </div><div><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 28px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">美国众议院于周二（1月9日）通过《台湾旅行法》草案，未来经由参议院审核，总统特朗普签字后，即可正式实施。台湾对此表示欢迎的同时，中国大陆则表达了强烈不满。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">该法案内容鼓励美台双方“所有层级”官员进行互访。1979年美台断交至今，美国对台湾官员仍有“五黑名单”限制：禁止台湾正副总统、行政院长、外交部长与国防部长等五官衔的政治人物来华盛顿访问。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">过往在断交后，美国虽不再认定台湾为主权国家，但认为其是“独立政治实体”，因此设置《台湾关系法》明定美台间保持金贸、文化等关系。过往，只有台湾前总统李登辉曾于1995年执政时以“私人名义”成功访美过。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">未来《台湾旅行法》成案，美方可经由此法，正式邀请台湾现任正副总统等层级官员来华盛顿访问。台湾总统府与外交部对此欢迎，总统蔡英文更在推特上感谢美方“支持台湾民主”，期盼美台双方政治关系提升。</p><div style="border: 0px; 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overflow: hidden !important; width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px) !important;">✔</span></span></span><span title="@iingwen" data-scribe="element:screen_name" dir="ltr" style="color: #697882; font-size: 14px; padding-right: 4px; flex-basis: 100%;">@iingwen</span></a></div></div><div data-scribe="component:tweet" style="margin-top: 14px;"><div style="position: absolute !important; overflow: hidden !important; width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important; padding: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px) !important;"></div><p dir="ltr" style="padding: 0px; list-style: none; border: none; white-space: pre-wrap; cursor: text; word-wrap: break-word; direction: ltr;">I’m grateful to the US Congress for supporting <a href="https://twitter.com/hashtag/Taiwan?src=hash" data-query-source="hashtag_click" dir="ltr" rel="tag" data-scribe="element:hashtag" style=" color: #2b7bb9; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">#Taiwan</a>’s democracy & democratically-elected leadership. Introduced by <a href="https://twitter.com/RepSteveChabot" dir="ltr" data-mentioned-user-id="237750442" data-scribe="element:mention" style=" color: #2b7bb9; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;">@RepSteveChabot</a>, the Taiwan Travel Act will strengthen & enhance the longstanding partnership between Taiwan & the United States <a href="https://t.co/HjcoXlbzIj" rel="nofollow noopener" dir="ltr" data-expanded-url="https://twitter.com/RepSteveChabot/status/950861329140801536" target="_blank" title="https://twitter.com/RepSteveChabot/status/950861329140801536" data-scribe="element:url" style=" color: #2b7bb9; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;"><span style="position: absolute !important; overflow: hidden !important; width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px) !important;">https://</span>twitter.com/RepSteveChabot<span style="position: absolute !important; overflow: hidden !important; width: 1px !important; height: 1px !important; padding: 0px !important; border: 0px !important; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px) !important;">/status/950861329140801536 </span>…</a></p><div style="font-size: 14px; color: #697882; margin-top: 3.2px;"><a data-datetime="2018-01-10T03:14:05+0000" data-scribe="element:full_timestamp" href="https://twitter.com/iingwen/status/950928706742005760" style=" color: inherit; text-decoration: inherit; outline: 0px; font-weight: inherit;">上午11:14 – 2018年1月10日</a></div><ul data-scribe="component:actions" role="menu" aria-label="法推行动" style="margin: 8.4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; list-style: none; border: none;"><li style="display: inline-block;"><a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?in_reply_to=950928706742005760" data-scribe="element:reply" style=" color: #697882; text-decoration-line: none; outline: 0px;"><div aria-label="回复" title="回复" role="img" style="display: inline-block; height: 1.25em; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: contain; vertical-align: text-bottom; 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font-weight: inherit; letter-spacing: inherit; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; vertical-align: baseline; clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); overflow: hidden; border: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: absolute !important; height: 1px !important; width: 1px !important;">结尾 Twitter 帖子 用户名 @iingwen</p></div></div></div></div><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">中国大陆外交部发言人陆慷，则是在11日的例行记者会上表示“坚决反对”。陆慷同时说明，这项议题违反中美三个联合公报，干涉中国内政。</p><h2>何谓《台湾旅行法》？</h2> <img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/112201812-3-2.jpg" width="624" height="351" alt="" /></div><div><span style="color: #ececec; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; background-color: #111111;">特朗普先签了《国防授权法》，如果也签署《台湾旅行法》，有专家认为美台的国防与外交成果将实质提升。</span></div><div> </div><div><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">去年1月13日，众议员夏波（Steve Chabot）、薛曼（Brad Sherman）与罗伊斯（Ed Royce）提出《台湾旅行法》。同年5月4日，共和党参议员马尔科·鲁比奥（Marco Rubio）也提出参议院的《台湾旅行法》版本，内容相似。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">《台湾旅行法》与过往维系美台关系的《台湾关系法》不同。《台湾旅行法》允许台湾各层级官员在“受尊重”的状况下入境美国，并与国务院与国防官员等会面。美台各级官员在互访同时，将能在国防与外交等政治议题上直接讨论，不再设限。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">提案人之一的夏波在表决前呼吁：“美国能做的最重要改变就是允许台湾总统访问华盛顿。现有限制不仅是种侮辱，也有反效果，已经过时。”</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">台湾政治大学名誉教授、前国际关系中心主任丁树范向BBC中文网分析：“《台湾旅行法》送交参议院后，还是要经过协调。但目前条文中的‘受尊重’一字，定义还是有点模糊。”</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">他说，纵使目前美方限制台湾总统等五官衔无法访问华府，但美方过去给了台湾方面很多尊重待遇，包括总统专机过境美国非华府各大城市、会见其他议员，台湾国防部长更能来美国参加国防论坛，他们都只差没有入华府访问。然而，条例上没細说清楚是否对华府地区有“解禁”，这点尚需观察。</p><h2>具体实施有困难？</h2><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">而在此前，美国总统特朗普也在去年12月12日签署《国防授权法》，明文可以考量美台军舰互访与停泊的可能性。一旦《台湾旅行法》也通过，对美台双方的国防与外交，都有实质的提升。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">丁树范说，未来法案通过，特朗普就可以依法任命美国行政部门任何一个高级首长，前往台湾交流与互访。而台湾总统也能授权副总统、行政院长、国防部长与外交部长等高级官员访问华府。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">政治大学国际关系中心研究员刘复国则说，这项法案让美台两边的政治沟通可以更上一层。然而，两国元首可互访是一回事，台湾有什么国际性重大峰会能邀请到美国正副总统、或是正副国务卿，或是台湾正副总统或行政院长在什么场合下可以去华府访问，就要靠两边如何磋商。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">1979年美台断交以来，两边的政治磋商趋于台面下。过往台湾驻美代表甚至被禁止前往国务院大楼，只能约在旁边的酒店。直到奥巴马总统时期，美方才开放让台湾驻美代表前去国务院大楼洽谈公务。</p><h2>需更谨慎处理两岸冲突</h2><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/112201812-3-3.jpg" width="624" height="986" alt="" /></div><div><span style="color: #ececec; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; background-color: #111111;">台湾前总统李登辉1995年曾到美国访问，最后激发台海危机</span></div><div> </div><div><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">对于台湾旅行法一案，中国官方也表达相当不满的态度。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">《人民日报》报社旗下的小报《环球时报》亦对此批评：“一旦落实，将帮助大陆下决心解决台湾问题。” 同时认为，台湾当局只想“口头爽一爽”，这是个“摧毁台湾法”。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">丁树范建议：“中方的反弹是可以预期的，现阶段他们筹码很多，技术处理上要低调。台湾官方要注重实质关系，要有耐心步步为营。”</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">他同时指出，美国国内近来对中国多项金融投资都持反对态度，看得出来对中国有所戒心。这种情形下催生的台湾旅行法“并不会太意外”。</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">刘复国则担忧，一些台湾独立激进势力会藉此炒作，一些情绪性字眼反而让两岸的冲突会扩大。“在强化跟美国关系同时，也不要激化大陆。”</p><p style="border: 0px; color: #404040; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, STHeiti, 华文黑体, "Microsoft YaHei", 微软雅黑, SimSun, 宋体, "WenQuanYi Micro Hei", sans-serif; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.75; margin-top: 18px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; background-color: #ffffff;">他同时举例，1995年前总统李登辉访问美国，在康乃尔大学上演讲，讲述台湾民主化进程，却引发两岸紧张、演变成96年台海危机。“得意忘形是最不应该的，过去历史教训要记取。”</p> </div>