<div><p style="line-height: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"> </span> </p><p style="margin-left: 112pt;"><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Arial;">第三章</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><strong><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span></strong><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Arial;">六二</span><strong><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span></strong><span style="font-size: 24pt; font-family: Arial;">大逃港</span></p><p style="line-height: 10pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 13.75pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 73pt;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Arial;">第一节</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><strong><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span></strong><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Arial;">六二</span><strong><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span></strong><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Arial;">大逃港为什么会发生</span></p><p style="line-height: 19.7pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 31pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">一、历史怎样让毛泽东失误</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">——</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">从莫斯科会议到</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">三面红旗</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 17.65pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 20pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">毛泽东登上了火车,迎着扑面而来的真理之风,告别了武汉、告别了长沙、告别了那些唠叨的亲人、朋友,不会再回头了!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.36px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">他将更加坚定、更加顽强地在自己的道路上走下去,他要</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">干出个样子</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">来,让一切支持或者反对他的人看!</span></p><p style="line-height: 15.8pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">1957</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">11</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">日,莫斯科。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.3pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">这是一个格外寒冷的日子,但所有的苏联人都感到十分振奋,因为一次具有历史意义的大会</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">全世界共产党和工人党大会,正在莫斯科召开。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.88px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">其时,正是社会主义阵营最为强大的时候。在经历了苏共二十大对斯大林的批判,及波兰事件、匈牙利事件等风波之后,社会主义阵营重新恢复了团结;美、英、法等资本主义大国,却因为苏伊士河问题正陷入矛盾中。就在上一个月的</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">14</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">日,苏联成功地发射了人类的第一颗人造地球卫星。在这样一个</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">东风劲吹</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">的全球气温下,选择十月革命</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">40</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">周年之日来召开全世界的共产党工人党大会,是为了体现了社会主义阵营的空前强大和团结。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">几乎所有的社会主义国家首脑,包括匈牙利的卡达尔、波兰的哥穆尔卡、东德的乌布利希、保加利亚的日夫科夫</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">还有几乎所有的资本主义国家的共产党和工人党的首脑,全都集中到莫斯科来了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.25pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">真是盛况空前!</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">作为社会主义阵营的第二大国家,中国代表团和毛泽东本人,受到了各国共产党、工人党领袖们普遍的尊敬。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">当苏联共产党与波兰共产党意见不统一时,无奈的赫鲁晓夫曾请毛泽东出面去说服哥穆尔卡,毛泽东以其高超的领导艺术,让所有的代表团都放下分歧,坐到了会议的桌边来;在各个代表团对苏共起草的《莫斯科宣言草案》产生分歧时,是毛泽东派遣了邓小平、陈伯达、胡乔木等人重新起草《莫斯科宣言》草本,并最后成为让除南斯拉夫外所有的社会主义国家首脑都认可并签字的《莫斯科宣言》。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">毋庸置疑,中国代表团和毛泽东本人显现出来的魅力,在某种程度上可以媲美甚至超越作为东道主首脑的赫鲁晓夫。以致当时的中共代表团成员杨尚昆在回忆的日记中记录道:</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">毛主席在各方面起了决定的作用。许多意见是主席提出来,经过协商,他们(指苏共</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">作者)接受了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">大凡公众场合,只要毛泽东一出场,立刻会获得超常热烈的欢迎。杨尚昆的日记中记下了那些动人场景:</span></p><p style="line-height: 13.7pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.84px; margin-right: 10pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">今天主席(指毛泽东</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">作者)出现在纪念会上,大受欢迎。全场起立。讲话中不断的鼓掌,讲完了全场又起立</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">其余各兄弟党代表讲话,都是鼓掌没有起立。</span><u><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 19.9733px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup></u><u><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 19.9733px; font-family: Arial;">1</span></sup></u><u><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 19.9733px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></u></p></div><u><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 19.9733px; font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><br clear="all" /></span></sup></u><div><p style="line-height: 7.7pt;"> </p><p><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-family: Arial;">夜晚,克里姆林宫里灯火辉煌,苏共中央在这里举行热烈庆祝十月革命</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-family: Arial;">40</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-family: Arial;">周年的酒</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">会。</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">雪亮的灯光下,赫鲁晓夫声调激昂:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">我们的目标是:约在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">15</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">年内,钢的产量达到一亿吨、煤七亿五千万吨、石油三亿五千万吨!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">这是一个追赶世界第一强国美国的宣战书!</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">反响极为强烈,全场起立,掌声如同雷鸣一般,响了近半分钟!毛泽东也在鼓掌人之中。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">但是,他一边在鼓掌,一边在考虑另一件事。这位血性的湖南农民的儿子,是不甘落人之后的!</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">就在赫鲁晓夫发表讲话后的第三天,毛泽东主动要求会见了英国共产党领导人波立特和高兰</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">显然,他有话要说。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“15</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">年后,英国的钢产量能增加到多少?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">在谈过了两党的关系之后,毛泽东突然关切地问。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">英国政府计划是两千五百万吨,顶多三千万吨吧。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">高兰说。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">啊,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">毛泽东意味深长地点了一下头:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">我们中国今年有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">520</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">万吨,再过</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">年,可以有</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 9.6px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12.8px; font-family: Arial;">1000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12.8px; font-family: Arial;">万吨</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12.8px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12.8px; font-family: Arial;">中国在十五年后,将超过英国。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12.8px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 16.5333px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup></u><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 16.5333px; font-family: Arial;">2</span></sup></u><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 16.5333px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12.8px; font-family: Arial;">他的手掌习惯地在胸前扫过,如同扫去眼前的一片灰尘。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">高兰惊诧了,落后的农业国中国,要在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">15</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">年内赶上先进的工业国英国,这未免太乐观了。看着面前这位信心十足的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">战友</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">,高兰高兴之余不由得有几分担忧。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">高兰的担忧已经没有用了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">中国要向英国挑战</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">的消息,已像一阵风传遍了世界。成为全世界,不论是社会主义还是资本主义国家的报纸的突出新闻!</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">当然,腔调是各不一样的。波兰、捷克、朝鲜</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">的报纸虽然一片叫好,字里行间却能看出隐约的担忧。一家波兰报纸说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">我们如同相信自己一样,相信中国兄弟不会没有力量去达到自己的目标!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">太平洋西岸传出的是一片嘘声。美国《巴尔的摩太阳报》直截了当地说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">毛泽东的计划是不冷静的和不负责任的!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">几乎所有的人都在估量毛泽东计划成功的可能性。只有一个人是毫不怀疑的,那就是毛泽东本人。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">坚强的毛泽东主意已定。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">11</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">21</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">日,他率中国代表团回到中国。仅隔</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">11</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">天,经过授意的刘少奇就在代表中共中央致词的一次会议上,公开表达了中国赶超英国的决心。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">日,《人民日报》头版发表了《乘风破浪》的社论,用强烈的信心鼓舞中国人民要用</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">多、快、好、省</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">的建设方针,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">鼓足干劲,力争上游</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">在十五年左右的时间内,在钢铁和其他重要工业产品产量方面赶上和超过英国!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 3pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">毛泽东决心扫除党内那些</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">阻碍前进</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">的不同思想,给</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">犹豫不前,小脚女人走路</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">作风的人</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">打预防针</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">3</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">日和</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">4</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">日,他在南宁点名批评了提出不可</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">冒进</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">的总理周恩来。指着提倡</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">快</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">的上海市委书记柯庆施的支持文章,《乘风破浪,加速建设社会主义的新上海》问周恩来:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">你是总理,你看,这篇文章你写得出来写不出来?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">周一时感到很尴尬,只好回答:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">我写不出来。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">毛又说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">你不是反冒进吗?我是反反冒进。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 18.6px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup></u><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page145"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 21.6px; font-family: Arial;">3</span></a><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 18.6px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></u></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">为了获得</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">高速度</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">,竟然在公开场合批评自己的亲密战友,这使所有参加会议的中共高层人士都感到</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">突然。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">他们都隐约感到,一场大的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">高速</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">运动即将到来。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">日,中共八大二次会议在怀仁堂召开,正式通过了党的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">鼓足干劲、力争上游、多快好省地建设社会主义</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">的总路线。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月,中共中央作出了钢产量翻一番的重大决策,即从</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1957</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年的钢产量</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">535</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">万吨增加到</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1100</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">万吨。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; margin-right: 3pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">事情还在不断加温中。就在中南海游泳池,毛泽东与王鹤寿敲定攸关中国建设前途的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">“1100</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">万吨钢</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">时,又从河南省传来一桩更令毛泽东</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">兴奋不已</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">的新鲜事</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">人民公社出现了!</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: 宋体;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 11.52px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">在农村,将</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">集体化</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">的程度再往前推一步,把几个甚至十几个</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">农业合作社</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">联合起来,组成更大的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">人民公社</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">。除了所有的田地、牲畜、房屋</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">都交集体所有外,还建立公共食堂,托儿所、敬老院</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">农民在一起开餐,一起下地,吃一样的饭,过共产主义的集体化、军事化生活!</span></p><p style="line-height: 2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 36pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">当河南省委负责人向毛泽东汇报人民公社的好处时,他再也抑制不住内心的欣喜:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">好么,好么,人民公社好。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">第二天,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">人民公社好</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">就被作为伟大领袖对新生事物的评判词,赫赫登上了河南的报</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">端。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 6pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">月底,全国钢产量累计才</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">380</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">万吨,到年底只有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">153</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">天了。在这样短的时间里要再完成</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">700</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">万吨钢,达到</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">1100</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">万吨的目标,是不可能的事!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.04px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">8</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">17</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">日,在北戴河,毛泽东把主管计划和工业的李富春、薄一波、王鹤寿叫来问情况。当他们汇报到全国钢铁生产的进度时,谨慎的毛泽东已经感到</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">1100</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">万吨有完不成的危险。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">他想起了自己对世界说过的话。他完全明白完不成任务会是怎样的一种后果。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">每当碰到困难时,这位一直靠紧紧依靠群众而走过了无数艰难险阻的领袖,这次想到的依然是人民,是群众的力量。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">1100</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">万吨,从哪儿来?只有从群众运动来,只有从大兵团作战人海战术中来!</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.04px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">依靠</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">1956</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">年发展起来的那种分散的、千把人的农村合作社是干不起</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">大兵团作战</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">的,是创造不了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">高速度</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">超高速度</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">的。这就决定了中国必须迅速地走</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">高集体化</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">的道路,把原来的农村合作社做成集体化程度更高的人民公社!</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">还是搞合作化时候的老办法</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">用改变生产关系的方法来促进生产力发展,向</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">集体化</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">规模来要</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">经济高速度</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 37pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">两天后,即</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">8</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">19</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">日,毛泽东宣布说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">现在不搞人民公社不行了,不搞要犯错误。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">他对河南等地的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">创造</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">一锤定音:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我的意见是叫人民公社!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">一开始,他还想慢一点,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">先搞试点吧</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">。但是如同</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1956</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年一样,车轮一动,下面就层层加码,车速越搞越快,挡都挡不住。到</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月,风起云涌,才个把月时间,全国就冒出了两万多个人民公社,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">90</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">%的中国农民都成了公社社员!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">惊人的相似,又出现了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1956</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年那样的情景,又是人民群众敲锣打鼓庆祝,又是群众代表慷慨激昂上台表决心,说伟大领袖路引得好,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">千年的理想实现在今朝</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">,口号震天。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">当心有狐疑的毛泽东匆匆从北戴河赶回中南海时,各省红彤彤的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">报喜</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">早已摆满了他的案桌:仅仅用了几个月的时间,中国就提前</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">进入共产主义</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">了!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">人们的热情使他失去了惯有的谨慎。他太高兴了,说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我们叫高山低头,它敢不低头吗?我们叫河水让路,它敢不让路吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">一语之下,几千万人上山炼钢铁,近亿人上山找铁矿。工厂停工、学校停课、商店停业,大炼钢铁。中华大地上高炉林立、火光冲天、通宵达旦。领袖与人民</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">共同上阵</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">,盲目狂热,却又干劲冲天。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">这里,工业钢元帅升帐,那里,农业频传</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">捷报</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">稻谷亩产三万斤!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">徐水县小麦亩产</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">12</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">万斤!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">一颗大白菜重</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">500</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">斤!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 13.3pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">少年时代就在田中割禾、插田的毛泽东,会不知道稻谷亩产三万斤,就得把稻谷在一亩大的田里垫几寸厚?那不是天大的笑话吗?</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">好,好</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">,他却笑着,甚至在公开场合说只要有了人,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">任何人间奇迹都可以创造出来!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">有些问题一直让人不解,这些明显的浮夸,怎么能逃过这位一贯</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">精明卓绝,洞察秋毫</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">,曾经战无不胜的统帅的眼睛呢?</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: 宋体;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 0.5pt;"><br /></p><p style="line-height: 12.12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">其实,毛泽东心里比谁都清楚。中国没有先进的科技,没有现代的设备和资源准备,只有一个优势</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">六亿人口。失去了群众,拿什么在这样短的时间内赶上和超过英国?</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">所以一定要保护群众的热情,哪怕有些话说过了头,有些事做过了头,也得把劲</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">鼓起来</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">而不是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">打下去</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">!</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">当然,他又不愧是有过长期指挥作战经验的统帅,在热烈鼓动和保护人民群众热情的同时,他的头脑却始终保持着某种程度的冷静。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">在河南,他问跟着他摄影的胡秀云:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">小胡,你说说,这事情有什么问题没有啊?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">他想,自己身边的人,说的应该是真话了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">你们到农村走过的啊!人民公社到底怎么样?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">他显得有些着急。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">我也说不清。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">胡秀云说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">反正我看妇女倒是挺高兴的,吃大食堂了,不用做饭,</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">解放了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">你是不是也给我吹牛啊?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">毛泽东看着胡秀云,有点不信,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">大锅炒的菜,就是不如小锅炒的香嘛。群众会喜欢?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">事情太大了,年轻的胡秀云也拿不定主意,她不知道毛泽东到底是要她说人民公社、大食堂好,还是要她说不好。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 2pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">我</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">也有点纳闷,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">胡秀云说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">怎么晚上亩产还是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">400</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">斤,一到早晨,就成了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">1000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">斤了?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.56px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.08px; font-family: Arial;">毛泽东望了一下旁边主管农业、此时也被铺天盖地的喜报数字弄晕了头的谭震林和廖鲁言说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.08px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.08px; font-family: Arial;">你们查查,有这么高吗?这到底是放卫星,还是放大炮啊?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.08px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 18.1867px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup></u><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page145"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 21.12px; font-family: Arial;">4</span></a><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 18.1867px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></u></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">实际上,毛泽东对自己也没有十分把握。他决定亲自出去找他的老同学,老同乡、老同事了解情况,盼望能听到一些反面的话。往下一段时间,他到过许多地方,包括上海、安徽、湖南,等等。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.25pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">应该说,如果沿着这条路再走下去,他总可以有机会探寻到问题的本质。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.12px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">不少研究毛泽东的学者,常常会提起发生在这段时间中的毛泽东与老友李达的会见。谁知一到武汉,两人一见,竟然发生了顶撞。李达进房劈头就问:</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">润芝,</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">人有多大</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.44px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">胆,地有多高产。不怕做不到,只怕想不到。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">’</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">这是不是马克思主义的?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">他指的是湖北鄂城县委门口贴着的一张标语。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">毛泽东一愣,怎么问这个?虽然是一张标语,点到的可是中国问题的要害,即他最关心的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">群众热情</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">那要看怎么看。这个口号有两重性。如果讲的是发挥人的主观能动性,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">毛泽东有些不悦,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">就是有道理的。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.04px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">李达是个认真的人:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">这是哲学上的错误啊!这样把群众热情捧到天上去,脱离了实际,国家不是要乱套了吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">他急于要改变这位</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">亲密朋友</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">的看法,以免</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">下面太热</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">,祸及黎民。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">如果现在谈两重性,就等于肯定这个口号。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">李达变得更加激动。毛泽东也不相让了:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">肯定又怎么样?否定又怎么样?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">李达说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">现在人们头脑发热,主席(他不称润芝了)你脑子发热一点,下面就会不得了,就会烧到</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">40</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">度,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">41</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">度。中国就会遭难了!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">遭难?谁遭难?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">毛泽东愣了一下,他想发火,但忍住了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">一看势头不对,一旁的湖北省委副秘书长梅白赶忙过来打圆场:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">二位不要争了,这个标语由省委负责去处理好了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">毛泽东缓缓吐出一口烟,轻轻把烟灰弹进烟缸里,他已经不言语了,看了一眼脸还涨红着的李达,他选择缓和。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">但倔李达还要进攻:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">不行,要从思想根源上解决问题!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">意思是让毛泽东的思想转过弯来。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.7pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-family: Arial;">什么?毛泽东吃辣椒的性格,一下子被激活了!难道要我毛泽东认错?要我向你作检</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">讨?太过分了!</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 11.52px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">有学者曾经指出,研究毛泽东不能不研究毛泽东这个</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">人</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">。就是说研究他的特殊的性格,一种湖南人的,从曾国藩</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">扎硬寨、打死战</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">就开始了的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">宁折不弯,越压越倔</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">的性格。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.25pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">李达也许没好好想想,他与毛泽东辩论时,是什么环境。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">北面,几千公里之外,那个一年前还相约</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">共同超越美英</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">的社会主义盟友</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">赫鲁晓夫,在各种场合不点名的讥笑毛泽东的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">承诺</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">一张废纸</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">,是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">小资产阶级狂热</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">东南面,那个被压缩在台湾的,曾是他手下败将的蒋介石,隔着海放言</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">共产党自乱其局</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">,讥笑毛泽东</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">根本不懂经济</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">历史,这时正把所有的讥笑、所有的批评、所有的压力,包括善良人们的规劝,都集中到这个</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">不信邪</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">的人身上。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">李达铁骨铮铮的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">进谏</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">恰得其反!</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">迎面而来的真理之风,反与这位钢铁般性格的领袖擦身而过!</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">毛泽东登上了火车,迎着扑面而来的真理之风,告别了武汉、告别了长沙、告别了那些唠叨的亲人、朋友,不会再回头了!</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">他将更加坚定、更加顽强地在自己的道路上走下去,他要干出个样子来,让一切支持或者反对他的人看!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">凡是敌人反对的我们就要拥护,凡是敌人拥护的我们就要反对!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">三辆高速的列车</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">总路线、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">大跃进</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">、人民公社在他的驱动下,义无反顾地向前狂</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">奔</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">……</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">多灾多难的中国啊,多灾多难的小民,包括多灾多难的深圳河,它们正在走近那个永铭史册的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">苦难三年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 13.85pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 31pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">二、狂热的深圳河</span></p><p style="line-height: 16.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 13.2px; margin-right: 5pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">在一片暴风雨般的掌声中,县委第一书记王志走上台,发表了豪情激昂的讲话。宣布</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">从今天起,全宝安县的人民,已经踏上共产主义的通天路了</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">!</span></p><p style="line-height: 12.6pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.12px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">上面的雷声推动着下面的雷声。乘着北方来的风,总路线、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">大跃进</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">、人民公社</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">三面红旗</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">的号角在深圳河边吹响了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 13pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月,宝安县人民代表大会召开,宝安县委向全县人民发出了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">坚决贯彻总路线</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">的号召!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.92px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.56px; font-family: Arial;">照例,在推开运动之前,要来一个声势浩大的宣传运动。记载称:书记动手,全党动员。所有的宣传工具,包括全县的报纸、广播站、剧团、电影队</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.56px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.56px; font-family: Arial;">全部出动,要掀起一个千军万马的大声势!</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page145"><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 18.8067px; font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-size: 18pt; font-family: Arial;">【</span></span></sup><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 21.84px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 18.8067px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></a><u><sup></sup></u></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">照县委的安排,巴掌大的宝安县要成立一个一万人的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">总路线宣传队</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">,就是说,按计算,每五户就要出一个人,上田头上街头去做宣传员!</span></p><div><img src="http://www.chinainperspective.com/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/18201808-b29.JPG" width="578" height="444" alt="" /> </div><div><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 宋体;"> 宝安县人民加入人民公社</span></div><div> </div></div><div><div><p style="line-height: 11.52px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">气势如虹,一呼百应。仅仅开会九天后,上报资料就称,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">30</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">万人口的宝安县就成立了文艺宣传队</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">290</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">个!从六七岁的娃娃到五六十岁的老头老太太,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">30</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">个宝安人中间就要有一个人系上红绸扭秧歌、打腰鼓,搞宣传。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">一时深圳墟的街头上,农村的田垄上,村边的大树下</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">到处张灯结彩,处处红旗招展,万家欢腾。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">在强烈的宣传风下,普通干部、群众的脑袋也开始发热,荒唐的事情一个接一个地出来了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">最先别出心裁的是深圳镇的人,在面对莲塘村的路边上挂上一条一米多宽、十多米长的大标语:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">总路线万岁</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">。莲塘村的人不相让了,立刻组织百人队伍,在梧桐山头上也铲出了半亩大一个字的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">总路线万岁</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">五字,说让深圳镇的人出门</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">抬头就吓一跳</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">沙井乡另有新招,命令所有的打渔船都拉上</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">总路线就是好</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">大跃进万岁</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">的红幅,开到香港水域去打鱼,让英帝国主义看了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">胆战心惊</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">;还有人说,香港的革命人民看了,年内就会起来,成立一个</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">香港人民公社</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">,香港可以提前归还中国!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">西边的太阳就要落山了,东方的霞光万丈高。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">热情还要更高!干劲还要更大!要开展一个</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">人与人、社与社、县与县</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">之间的大比</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">武、大竞赛!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">日,惠阳地委在海丰县召开</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">比武大会</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">(当时,宝安县属惠阳地区)。所谓</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">比武</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">者,就是比较谁提出的指标更高,谁的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">牛</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">皮吹得更大!</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">东莞县的口号是押韵的:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">胆量似悟空,干劲赛武松、决心超愚公、苦战三个月,不</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.12px; font-family: Arial;">压海丰(县)不算英雄!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.12px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 16.9467px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup></u><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page145"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 19.68px; font-family: Arial;">6</span></a><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 16.9467px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.12px; font-family: Arial;">惠东县口号富有想象力:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.12px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.12px; font-family: Arial;">赛海丰、超惠阳、吓倒惠州!不吓跑宝安不算英雄!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.12px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 16.9467px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup></u><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page145"><span style="font-size: 18pt; line-height: 19.68px; font-family: Arial;">7</span></a><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 16.9467px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></u></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.56px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.08px; font-family: Arial;">而宝安县的气概更大,口号更为响亮,接连用了三个</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.08px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.08px; font-family: Arial;">以</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.08px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.08px; font-family: Arial;">:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.08px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.08px; font-family: Arial;">苦战百天,以武松打虎的干劲,以孙悟空大闹天宫的声势,以愚公移山的精神,压倒惠阳,横扫东莞、海丰、博罗</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.08px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.08px; font-family: Arial;">称雄惠阳地区!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.08px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 18.1867px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup></u><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 18.1867px; font-family: Arial;">8</span></sup></u><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 18.1867px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></u></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">一些荒唐事也出来了,当时各代表团都住在地区招待所。宝安县代表团中有人提出,把挑战书贴到了各个县委书记睡觉的门上,</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">让兄弟县委起床后勾着头出门</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">,以示决心。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">随之,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">冲破天</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">的实际行动开始。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">《万丰村志》记载,宝安县曾放出过</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">水稻亩产超万斤</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">卫星</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">平时亩产就几百斤,最好的年成也难收到</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">斤,怎么一下就产出了亩产万斤呢?他们是这样做的:把</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">10</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">亩接近收割的水稻拔出来,集中到一亩田中</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">密植</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">,检查组一到就收割,万斤亩就出来了。稻子太重,就用绳子捆绑防倒伏。哪知稻子太密,捆绑太紧,大面积发热腐烂,结果变成了一片烂草泥。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.68px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.24px; font-family: Arial;">档案记载说,宝安县发出了竞赛口号的第三天,就传来喜报,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.24px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.24px; font-family: Arial;">长岭社苦战了一天两夜,积肥</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.24px; font-family: Arial;">65</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.24px; font-family: Arial;">万担!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.24px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 18.3933px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup></u><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 18.3933px; font-family: Arial;">9</span></sup></u><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 18.3933px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></u></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.08px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.44px; font-family: Arial;">一个千人合作社,一天两夜积肥六七十万担,已属超人,但还有更超人的:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.44px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.44px; font-family: Arial;">长岭社</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.44px; font-family: Arial;">60</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.44px; font-family: Arial;">岁的老人吴松生,学习总路线后,七天积肥</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.44px; font-family: Arial;">579571</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.44px; font-family: Arial;">担。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.44px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 17.36px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup></u><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 17.36px; font-family: Arial;">10</span></sup></u><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 17.36px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></u></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">这数字是铁板钉钉记在宝安县的历史档案中的。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 18pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">照这样算,这个</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">60</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">岁老头一天就得积</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">8</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">万担肥,这就是叫他一个小时挑走</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">3000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">多担肥!天方夜谭!牛皮吹到这地步,真是活见鬼!</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">奇就奇在这里:在那个时代,被</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">热风</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">刮晕了的人还不在少数。我采访的当年的那些</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">风中者</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">,不少都说,奇怪,当时我们竟也没怀疑,我们自己也说过头话、说牛皮话,这是事实!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.48px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">太热了,热得人都摸不清方向了!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">有没有冷静的、正直的人,对这种</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">放大炮</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">的行为表示过怀疑呢?有的。上川社的干</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">部黄发权就是一个。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">历史,是铁面无私的,宝安县的历史档案,是从反面记载这位本来坚持着</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">真理</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">立场的好干部的。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">上川社的生产队长黄发权指责总路线说,针无两头利,要多快就不能好省。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">这样浮夸,早晚得翻船。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">他还诬蔑积肥放卫星说,那是放大炮。假的就是假的。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”……</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">结果可想而知,黄发权很快就被铺天盖地的大字报</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">围剿</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">、批判。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">反击右倾保守</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">的大字报贴满了黄发权的家门上、墙上、甚至吃饭的饭桌上。一张批</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">判黄发权大字报是这样写的:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">黄发权,你真保守,次次开会带头溜。提出早播不接受,如果下次再甘(这)样,我们社员要赶你走。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.04px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">好汉不吃眼前亏。在那种气氛下,谁还敢坚持下去呢?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">在群众的热情帮助和教育下,黄发权认识提高了,终于服输。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">一颗正义的火种,就这样熄灭了!</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.3333px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.3333px; font-family: Arial;">保守势力</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.3333px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.3333px; font-family: Arial;">既然不能抬头了,反面的声音听不到了,狂热的人当然会更狂热!</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.3333px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.3333px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.3333px; font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.3333px; font-family: Arial;">月,惠阳地委向宝安县发出要求,要在</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.3333px; font-family: Arial;">3</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.3333px; font-family: Arial;">个月内完成</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.3333px; font-family: Arial;">700</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.3333px; font-family: Arial;">吨钢铁的任务。宝安县的群众会种田、会打鱼、会扯风箱打镰刀。但炼铁钢炉是什么样,谁都没见</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">过。怎么变得出</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">700</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">吨钢铁?</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.3pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">于是开动脑筋</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">找窍门</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">,手板心里也得要煮出饭来!</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">宝安县委发号召:各家各户,把不用的锄头、犁耙、镰刀</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">凡是沾了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">铁</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">字的,都找出来,收到公社去炼铁。完不成任务的社队,开批判会作检查。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12.24px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">上川社群众开大会。干部亲自带头上台表态,生产队长黄万喜</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">现身说法</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">现在是人民公社了,吃大食堂了。还要什么锅,煮什么饭啊</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">拿过来!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 11.88px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">好!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">台下的老婆应声而上,左手家里的两口菜锅、右手一口饭锅。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">从明天起,我家就是共产主义的了,不再做饭了,大家看着!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">咣</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">咣</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">咣</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">——”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">黄万喜家的三只锅都砸在石头上。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">于是全场呼口号:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">向黄万喜学习!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">坚决走社会主义道路!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">不完成</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">700</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">吨钢铁决不收兵!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">发动群众就是快,光明公社通过这些办法,在两天内就收集了</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">钢铁</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">”6000</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">多斤!</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">南天门公社分片包干,当天夜晚,群众通晓送废铁,天亮以前,收到废铁</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">24000</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">斤。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">11</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">日和</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">日两天,全县就收集废铁</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">86000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">斤。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">但是,光有废铁还是不够的,还要把废铁炼成钢。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 3pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">全民炼钢运动在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">月后开始席卷宝安县。仅用了三个月的时间,就在深圳、铁岗等地方建成高炉</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">400</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">多座。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 3pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">平心而论,凭小小一个宝安县有限的人力、才力,三个月建了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">400</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">多座小高炉,这得益于</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">人民公社</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">高度集中的组织力量和绝对服从的行政权威。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">咱土包子要有志气,开动脑筋,炼出洋钢铁!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">要炼</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">700</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">吨钢,光是废铁当然不够。县委一声令下,千军万马上山找铁矿!</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">据统计,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">大跃进</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">期间,宝安县发动了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">30</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">万人(次)</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">上山找宝</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">。就是说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">30</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">万人的宝安县,前后几乎能上山的都上山了!</span></p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">于是,机关干部停班、学校停课、商店关门</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">……</span></p><p style="line-height: 10pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10pt;"> <img src="http://www.chinainperspective.com/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/18201808-b12.JPG" width="480" height="357" alt="" /></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 10.25pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.48px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">宝安人,认惯了稻谷、认惯了鱼虾,就是不会认</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">矿</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">。于是从广州请来了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">铁师傅</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">,在全县的大会上传经送宝:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">带黑色纹的是磁铁矿、带红色纹的是赤铁矿</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">……”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.64px; font-family: Arial;">百货公司的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">售货员、小学的教师、深圳湾的打渔人</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">都来识别矿苗。成千上万的人在宝安县的山头上找矿。</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">青年突击队员文正德保留的一本日记中,记录了当年上山找矿的革命热情:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">宝安县幽静的山沟里,到处是爆破声、锤击声、吃在山上,睡在山上,通宵达旦、狂风冷雨,数日不眠是常事。为了建设社会主义、共产主义,我愿意奉献出鲜血乃至生命</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">……”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">另一位青年突击队员劳风雷这样向我描述当年的情景:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">我们四个男女,白天找矿,晚上就睡在一张大床上,也不是床,就是架着的板子。哪分什么男女?中间放一个随身的水壶隔一下,睡到早晨起来,水壶里的水都没荡出来。那时候啊,我们脑袋里只有一个字:铁。什么邪念都没有。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">也许今天的人读到这,都会觉得它荒唐,但我要告诉我的读者,在我采访的人中,没有一个人不对这段生活充满怀念。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">这是怎样的一个疯狂而又纯情的年代啊!</span></p><p style="line-height: 9px; margin-right: 49pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 11px; font-family: Arial;">宝安县的战绩是:</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 11px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 11px; font-family: Arial;">仅仅两天的苦战,就打了矿石</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 11px; font-family: Arial;">477</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 11px; font-family: Arial;">吨,矿砂</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 11px; font-family: Arial;">47</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 11px; font-family: Arial;">吨,锰</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 11px; font-family: Arial;">1200</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page145"></a><sub><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12px; font-family: Arial;">吨。</span></sub><sub><span style="font-size: 21.5pt; line-height: 21.5px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></sub><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page145"><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 7.2px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 7.2px; font-family: Arial;">11</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 7.2px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></a><u></u></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">中国大炼钢铁的部分铁料,就是这样通过收集废铁和群众上山找矿石获得的。炼铁还要燃料呀,宝安县本身就缺烧的,靠什么来炼铁?</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">于是发动干部、学生、社员上山砍树。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.4pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 9pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">档案记载:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">全县各钢铁基地发动</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">8872</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">人上山砍柴烧木炭。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 18.6px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup></u><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page145"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; line-height: 9px; font-family: Arial;">12</span></a><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 18.6px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">一些村子漂亮的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">后龙山</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">上的树木被砍得精光,至今青山难再。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">到</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">年底,宝安县共</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">生产了钢</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">1225</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">吨,生产了铁</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">700</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">吨。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">都堆放在火车站的仓库边,基本上是不合格的。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">这些由全县人民发疯般热情炼出的钢和铁,后来就这样听凭雨打风吹的堆着。究竟作什么用,没人知道。后来作了怎样的处理,也没人知道。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">付出的代价和热情如此之高昂,对其结果却如此的不屑于闻!宝安县</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">大跃进</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">的另一个重点是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">水利</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 24pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">从宝安县兴修水利这件事上,史家们也许可以看到除了毛泽东的指导思想外,产生</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">人民公社</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">在当时某种客观上的原因。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.16px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">宝安县的地势北高南低,水都流到海里去了,从来缺水,所以,必须修水利。要兴修大的水利工程,首先碰到的是人力问题。</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 10pt;"><br /></p><p style="line-height: 10pt;"> <img src="http://www.chinainperspective.com/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/18201808-b13.JPG" width="402" height="489" alt="" /> </p><p style="margin-left: 218pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 218pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">月之前,宝安县农村的组织单位还是农业合作社。要靠一个社几百、上千劳力来兴修大的水库是无法想象的。即使水库建成了,一个两千人的社也用不了一个水库的水。而且,水库的水渠怎么走?经过邻近社的田土怎么协调?水利问题联系极广,这不是一个</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">小社</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">能解决的。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">于是,在经济生产的需要下,宝安县的农村组织形式发生蜕变:</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.92px; margin-right: 19pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.56px; font-family: Arial;">宝安县档案载:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.56px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.56px; font-family: Arial;">从水利运动开始,首先从劳动力的使用上突破了原来的社界、乡界。后来在资金、资质的使用方面也打破了社界和乡界,进行大协作。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.56px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 18.8067px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup></u><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page145"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; line-height: 9.1px; font-family: Arial;">13</span></a><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 18.8067px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></u></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">就是说,人民公社的组织形式,在那种</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">大跃进</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">、高速度的生产要求下,是必然要出现的。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.8733px; font-family: Arial;">事实上,当时的宝安县干部、群众早就有人提出,如果要大修水利,县里就应该出面,把几个或多个合作社的农民</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.8733px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.8733px; font-family: Arial;">联合起来</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.8733px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.8733px; font-family: Arial;">。但是,众多的人一集中,又出现新的情况:几千人要吃饭,就得有大的食堂;几千人要修工具,就得建修理厂;几千人中有负伤、病</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">痛,就得有医院</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">这些不仅涉及劳动力数量的问题,还涉及农村统一领导和调拨的组织形式问题。</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">于是有人提出索性搞</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">统一的社</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">,把几个</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">社</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">联合起来,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">三社合一</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">五社合一</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">。一个大社就可以</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">分工</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">,什么都有,有农业、有工业(修理工厂)、有其他行业(医院、商店</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">),以方便生产调配。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">这样就出现了工、农、商、学都有的综合型农村组织。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">有学者在论述东方中国的封建王朝时指出:大规模的水利建设,需要高度集中的组织力量,这是中国大一统的皇朝为什么长期存在的重要原因。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">这是否印证了由毛泽东在中国倡导的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">人民公社</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">?</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">老人们对于当时的情况还记忆犹新:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">有了这些,修水库就方便了。工具修理厂、百货供销店、邮电局、小银行、缝纫店什么都有,都设在水利工地上,扣子掉了都有专门的人缀,很方便</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">……”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我调查人民公社产生的基层原因时发现,在宝安县,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">办大社</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">的要求的确首先是由群众提出来的。当时还有妇女抱着孩子到乡政府吵,要求解决</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">怎么带孩子</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">的事情。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 12pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年夏,宝安县的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">428</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">个农业社自发组成了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">261</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">个大社。有些地方更组成了一个乡的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">超级</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">大社。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">宝安县的农村人民公社,就是这样上下结合出现的!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 6pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">而今的深圳市最高的的建筑叫地王大厦。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">50</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">年前,那是一个广场。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">10</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">日,庆祝宝安县全县实现公社化的大会,就在这里举行。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 12pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">其时,有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">20</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">万人分别在宝安县的深圳、南头、新桥、观澜、松岗、沙河等地举行集会,鞭炮锣鼓震天,狮子麒麟翻滚,庆祝全县实现了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">公社化</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">当时,全县成立的人民公社有:南天门、超英、超美、光明、红色、红旗六个,每个名字都带着浓厚的时代特点。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 12pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">在一片暴风雨般的掌声中,县委第一书记王志走上台,发表了豪情万丈的讲话。宣布</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">从今天起,全宝安县的人民,已经踏上共产主义的通天路了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">随着震天的口号,王志也抑制不住满心的喜悦,他要求为大会赋诗一首,话一出,下面又是一阵雷鸣般的锣鼓和掌声,大家都欢迎王书记赋诗。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">王志临场而作的原诗,至今还留在宝安县的史册上:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">人民公社力量大,干起活来笑哈哈。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">生有养来死有葬,有吃有穿不用怕。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 20.0467px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup></u><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page145"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; line-height: 9.7px; font-family: Arial;">14</span></a><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 20.0467px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></u></p><div> <img src="http://www.chinainperspective.com/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/18201808-b14.JPG" width="479" height="345" alt="" /></div></div><div><div> </div><p style="line-height: 10.2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">诗后振臂高呼:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">人民公社好</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">——”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">值得注意的是,当时上台赋诗的,还有几位身份特殊的农民,他们是来自羊台山下不</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">窝村的农民。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">宝安县有些偏僻地区的山民、渔民,自古与世隔绝,不与外界交道。据说有一种由内陆逃亡来宝安县一带的人发展而成的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">疍民</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">,长年隐居海上、山中,其语言、长相都格外不同。现在,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">人民公社</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">的风暴,把所有的人都聚到在这个</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">大集体</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">中来了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">几乎与世隔绝的羊台山下不窝村的这几户农民听说办公社了,特地派了代表下山要求入社。他们用特殊的语腔,合唱了一首自编的山歌。其歌词也记载在史册上:</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.6px;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">公社歌声篇连篇,歌声冲上九重天。仙女听歌心思动,情愿下凡做社员</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">……”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.04px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">当然,歌词肯定是经过了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">秀才</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">们润色的。这些长年在山中生活的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">仙女</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">,是不是真的就愿意</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">下凡</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">,看法不一。但当时这些山民的确是这样做了,除了少数冷静的人觉得是被</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">逼</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">外,宝安县绝大多数的群众是自愿加入公社的,没有捆绑、也没有强逼</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">这是事实。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">心理学家认为,在一种特定氛围下,人的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">从众</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">的心理,可以让人离开冷静的思维。更何况,即使有反对的情绪,有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">1957</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">年反</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">退社风</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">的前车之鉴,谁又敢表现出来呢?</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.4133px; font-family: Arial;">但如果把这种行动判断为人民群众</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.4133px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.4133px; font-family: Arial;">自觉</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.4133px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.4133px; font-family: Arial;">的</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.4133px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.4133px; font-family: Arial;">热情</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.4133px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.4133px; font-family: Arial;">,并且支持它,甚至鼓动它,那就错了;如果把这看成中国社会已经成熟到可以进入共产主义的程度,那就更是错上加错!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">由</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">中国乌托邦</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">所导致的恶果,很快就将在地平线上出现了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">……</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 13.55pt;"> <span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">三、从</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">反瞒产</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">到</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">大饥荒</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span></strong></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 0.25pt;"><br /></p><p style="line-height: 12.24px; margin-right: 10pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">赵紫阳同志给广东省委关于解决粮食问题的信件及广东省委的批语,极为重要。现在转发你们。公社大队及小队长瞒产私分粮食一事,情况严重,造成人心不安</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">必须迅速予以解决。</span></p><p style="line-height: 14.6pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">事情在起着变化。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">从</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">1959</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">年初起,各地有关缺粮、缺油、缺菜,甚至缺肥皂、缺火柴的报告就一份份地呈到中南海的案头上来。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">毛泽东感到很奇怪,去年明明是个丰收年,怎么才几个月就缺起粮来了?怎么连日用生活品都会缺呢?就连肥皂火柴也生产不出来?</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">人民公社吃饭不要钱,撑开肚皮吃,农村剩余的一点粮食已经吃光了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">浮夸风</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">却瞎吹说亩产</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">几千斤、几万斤,粮食吃不完</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">。造成了收购部门错误地</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">高估产</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">,把农民的口粮、甚至</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">种子粮</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">都征走了。一些农村一开春就揭不开锅!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 15pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">大搞炼钢,一切都给</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">钢铁元帅</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">让路,把日用生活品的生产部门都给</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">压缩</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">了。现在,连生产足够的肥皂、火柴都有困难!</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 12pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">粮食缺,发行粮票;布匹缺,发行布票;肥皂火柴缺,发行肥皂、火柴票</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">啥都缺,啥都要票。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">这是为什么啊?毛泽东找不到原因,他说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我一月有点烦恼,二月更加烦恼。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">他彻夜难眠,衔着烟,对着夜空沉思。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">据说,这个时候,一件来自广东的报告,使他</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">恍然大悟</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">。《毛泽东传》中有这样一段记录:</span></p><p style="line-height: 15.45pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.88px; margin-right: 9pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">正在这时,一个材料送到了他手里,是广东省委转发省委书记处书记赵紫阳关于雷南县干部大会解决粮食问题的报告。报告说,雷南县去年晚造生产有很大跃进,年底却出现了粮食紧张的不正常现象。结果查出瞒产私分的粮食七千万斤。雷南县的经验证明,目前农村有大量粮食,粮食紧张完全是假</span></p><p style="line-height: 9.12px;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page145"></a><sub><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 10.1333px; font-family: Arial;">象</span></sub><sub><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 16.2133px; font-family: Arial;">……</span></sub><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page145"><span style="font-size: 6.5pt; line-height: 7.296px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span><span style="font-size: 6.5pt; line-height: 7.296px; font-family: Arial;">15</span><span style="font-size: 6.5pt; line-height: 7.296px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></a><u></u></p><p style="line-height: 14.3pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">这个材料使毛泽东有两个方面的发现:</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.12px;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">第一,他发现了人民群众心里对他有意见,人民公社搞早了,群众在搞瞒产了呢。所以,他看后说:</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">谢谢五亿农民瞒产私分,坚决抵抗,就是这些事情推动了我,所</span></p><p style="line-height: 9.12px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12.16px; font-family: Arial;">以,我就想一想</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12.16px; font-family: Arial;">……”</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page145"><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 15.7067px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 15.7067px; font-family: Arial;">16</span></sup><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 15.7067px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></a><u><sup></sup></u></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 3pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">不久,人民公社真的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">退回去</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">了。虽然还挂着</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">人民公社</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">的牌子,但实际上搞的已不是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">一大二公</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">的人民公社,基本退回到</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1956</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年的农业合作社状况,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">以生产队为核算基础</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">薄一波在回忆文章中认为,如果没有这次</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">退却</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我们的事业有可能被共产风所葬送</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.92px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 13.9533px; font-family: Arial;">第二,他得出了一个错误的结论:全国的形势,远不是原先想象的那么严重:有人瞒</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">产。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.12px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">于是,他在作出了一个正确判断之后,又作出了一个错误的判断:农民缸里还有粮!</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">1959</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">2</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">22</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">日,中共中央转批了赵紫阳的报告。毛泽东在为中共中央起草的按语中</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">写道:</span></p><p style="line-height: 15.45pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 10pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">赵紫阳同志给广东省委关于解决粮食问题的信件及广东省委的批语,极为重要。现在转发你们。公社大队及小队长瞒产私分粮食一事,情况严重,造成人心不安</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">必须迅速予以解决。</span><u><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 18.6667px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup></u><u><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 18.6667px; font-family: Arial;">17</span></sup></u><u><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 18.6667px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></u></p><p style="line-height: 8.45pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.6px;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">一个全国性的</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">反瞒产</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">运动,很快</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">刮</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">了起来:强令农村干部、群众交出粮食。当年</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">反瞒产风</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">究竟是怎样的恶果,各地不一,我们只能用</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">十分严重</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">一词来作形</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">容。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">以下引用的是《陶铸与反瞒产运动》中的内容,可见广东当时的情况:</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 4pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">县委召开了反瞒产大会。一个又一个公社书记站起来,说东莞确实丰收了,所谓没粮食是假象。有个公社书记,理直气壮地站起来,说他在某村反瞒产,队干部说没粮食,他不信,就去晒谷场。他在晒谷场,只见稻草不见谷。可是,他把稻草堆轻轻一拨拉,哗,大堆大堆的谷,金黄金黄,可喜人呐</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">上百人的干部大会上,只一位老人出来唱反调</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">她是广东省省长陈郁同志的夫人袁溥之,省里派来反瞒产的工作组成员。她心平气和地说:</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">陶铸同志呀!我也到了农村,看过许许多多农民的家,粮食是有的,没有那么多。反瞒产是反不出粮食的。</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><u><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 18.6667px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup></u><u><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 18.6667px; font-family: Arial;">18</span></sup></u><u><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 18.6667px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></u></p><p style="line-height: 8.5pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">广东省委对于能否反出粮食来,已经产生了怀疑。因此,在布置</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">反瞒产</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">的同时,再三交代下乡人员,要先作调查研究,甚至避开县社干部,直接到农民群众当中,摸摸真实情况。派到四会县的同志汇报说,他们到了农村,看了农民的米缸,米缸是空的,没有米。老农诉苦说,米都集中到公共食堂去了,连给婴儿煮糊糊的米都没有。有个工作人员,在一户农家看见热气腾腾的锅,便急忙跑上前去,想看看锅里煮的是什么。女主人看见来人,抢先一步,挡住了炉灶,又粗声粗气地嚷道:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">看什么?锅里煮的是野菜。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">女主人转念一想,忽地转过身去,顺手掀开锅盖:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">要看,给你看个够。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">反瞒产</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">工作队员看了锅里煮的,确实是野菜。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.3pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">这年三四月间,省委召开了专门会议,根据各地汇报和掌握的材料,得出结论:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">年的粮食产量,并没有原来报告的那样多。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">省委给中央写了报告,提出向农民让步,停止</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">反瞒产</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">,减免不切实际的高征购。报告还说,再反下去,会使矛盾更加尖锐,后果不堪设想。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">有了这个教训,陶铸到潮安,在一次群众大会上说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">我来潮安是向全县人民做检讨的。我头脑发热,使群众饿了肚子,干部受了委屈。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">在省委召开的另一次会议上,陶铸同志特地走到袁溥之同志面前,诚恳地道歉:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">袁大姐,在东莞反瞒产,我没有听取你的意见,还说你是不是右了一点。我错了,请你原谅。我向你赔礼、道歉!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">在政治局召开的一次会议上,陶铸要求发言。毛泽东立刻制止说,陶铸呀!你是不是又要作检讨,你检讨得已经够多了呀!不要再检讨了。</span><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 20.6667px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup></u><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page145"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; line-height: 10px; font-family: Arial;">19</span></a><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 20.6667px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></u></p><p style="line-height: 13.75pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 103pt;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Arial;">第二节</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Arial;">逃港:饥荒中的出路</span></p><p style="line-height: 10pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.05pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 31pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">一、毛泽东尝到了</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">苦果</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 17.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 10pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">这个教训是深刻的,应该把我们犯的错误,立下碑来,刻在县委、地委、省委甚至中央委员会的门口。让我们世世代代都不要忘记这个血的教训!</span></p><p style="line-height: 16.2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.88px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">1960</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">年的中国,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">大跃进</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">,人民公社,全民炼钢铁,一个国家的国力已经消耗殆尽。这也许是毛泽东一生最困难的时期之一。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">三面红旗</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">仅搞了两年时间,农业大幅度减产,全国的粮食已减产了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">600</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">亿斤,农民</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">吃的油减产了一半,养的猪减产了三分之一。农民每年的平均消费只有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">65</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">元!尽管如此,农村干部还在逼着农民多交粮食。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">安徽省的凤阳县</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">1959</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">年实际总产只有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">10960</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">万斤,刚好够全县百姓一年的口粮,却要上交</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">5974</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">万斤粮食。交去了粮食,农民没了口粮,只好吃草根、树皮,甚至连观音土也挖来吃了。农村普遍发生浮肿病,农民饿死荒郊。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.48px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.9467px; font-family: Arial;">人们因食品不足,营养不良,普遍发生浮肿病,导致大量非正常死亡。公开报道的数字显示,</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.9467px; font-family: Arial;">1960</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.9467px; font-family: Arial;">年全国人口比上年减少了</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.9467px; font-family: Arial;">1100</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.9467px; font-family: Arial;">万,问题突出的信阳地区这年有</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.9467px; font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.9467px; font-family: Arial;">个县死亡率</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">超过了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">100</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">%。</span><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 20.46px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup></u><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 20.46px; font-family: Arial;">20</span></sup></u><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 20.46px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></u></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 3pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">无论愿望如何美好,事实都证明,搞</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">三面红旗</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">、搞国民经济</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">大跃进</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">实在是一场大跃退、大灾难。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">毛泽东终于明白了:一场大的灾难正在降临中国!</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.04px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">他接过周恩来差人送来了有关全国大面积灾情的报告,又忧心忡忡地拿起笔来,在上面作了批示。最后,把原来的文章题目圈掉,重新给文件起了个醒目的题目,以便发给他的战友们去:《十五省二千五百一十七万人无饭吃大问题》!</span><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 19.0133px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup></u><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page145"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; line-height: 9.2px; font-family: Arial;">21</span></a><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 19.0133px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></u></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">放下笔,他长叹了一声。在庭院里转了一圈,又回到了房中。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年冬,北京的雪特别大,盖满了昆明湖边的柳梢,盖满了菊香书屋的瓦背</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">他</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">在窗前望雪沉思。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">在中南海的围墙外,在莽莽中国的原野上,成千上万的生灵在这奇寒中被冻死、饿</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">死</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">……</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 6pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">11</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">日至</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">2</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">日,中共中央在北京召开了有七千人参加的扩大会议,通知了包括县委书记以上的干部参加。史称</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">七千人大会</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">会议上,毛泽东谈到了自己在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">大跃进</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">和人民公社化运动中的错误,他说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">凡是中央犯的错误,直接的归我负责,间接的我也有份。因为我是中央主席。第一个负责的应该是我。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">圣人是没有的,缺点错误都有,只是占多少的问题。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">从前有个项羽,叫做西楚霸王。他就不爱听别人的不同意见</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">不是有一出戏就叫</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">《霸王别姬》吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">如果我们的党员坚持不听群众的意见,那么,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">难免有一天要霸王别姬就是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">刘少奇的报告更加直率。他说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">这三年的农业生产有相当大的减产。原因在哪里?原因不外两条,一条是天灾,还有就是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年以来,我们工作中的缺点和错误。我到湖南的一个地方去。我问农民,他们说是三分天灾,七分人祸。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">最近媒体公开的材料还表明,刘少奇曾在大会上激动地表示:这个教训是深刻的,应该把我们犯的错误,立下碑来,刻在县委、地委、省委甚至中央委员会的门口。让我们世世代代都不要忘记这个血的教训!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">这时,会场上出现了一个小小的插曲,会场中有人喊:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">刘主席万岁!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">少奇同志万岁!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.32px; margin-right: 9pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.76px; font-family: Arial;">当然,无论是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.76px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.76px; font-family: Arial;">刘少奇万岁</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.76px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.76px; font-family: Arial;">还是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.76px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.76px; font-family: Arial;">三分天灾,七分人祸</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.76px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.76px; font-family: Arial;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.76px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.76px; font-family: Arial;">这些颇有些刺激的话,对于毛泽东来说,不会是愉快的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.76px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 17.7733px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup></u><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page146"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; line-height: 8.6px; font-family: Arial;">22</span></a><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 17.7733px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.76px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">30</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">日,对于中国人民、对于毛泽东本人来说,都是一个重要的日子。在这天下午的会议上,这个倔强的中国共产党领袖,终于直面自己在莫斯科会议上的诺言。在铁的事实面前,他终于说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">要赶上和超过最先进的资本主义国家,没有一百年的时间,我看是不行的。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">但是,他的这个觉悟已经显得太晚了!全国性的大饥荒,其时,早已经在整个中国蔓延开了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">……</span></p><p style="line-height: 12.95pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 31pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">二、</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">六二</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">大逃港的形成</span></p><p style="line-height: 15.85pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 13.2px; margin-right: 5pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">我盖上</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">年宝安县的档案时,却感到额头上有点汗。宝安县小小一些县干部,就敢叫</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">打开国门、对港开放</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">,这可是要坐牢的呀!</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 14.6667px; font-family: 宋体;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 12.6pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.6px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">2000</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">年的</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">3</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">月,我在查阅宝安县的旧档案时,发现了一份宝安县委呈递给广东省委的报告,要求省委允许宝安县组织群众将柴草出口去香港换肥料。时间是</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">日。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">为什么要搞柴草出口?</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: 宋体;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 0.5pt;"><br /></p><p style="line-height: 11.16px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">这份毫不起眼的报告,引起了我的注意。报告是这样写的;</span></p><p style="line-height: 14.25pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">省委:</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.24px; margin-right: 9pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">我县大鹏、葵涌、沙头角等边沿公社</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">面向海,背靠山,出产柴草很多。为积极发展农业生产,争取晚造粮食生产丰收。(我县)迫切要求自行组织柴草出口换取肥料。既不影响国家外贸计划收入(据说现在香港居民柴草是靠从澳洲等地进口),也不影响内销。好处很多。约</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">250</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">~</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">300</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">市斤松柴换一担化肥。一年换回一万担化肥,边沿公社农业生产用肥料完全解决。</span></p><p style="line-height: 13.65pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">报告还特别强调了:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">采用物物等价交换。不发生货币关系,不收入现金</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">以示清白。事情有些蹊跷。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">据我所知,当时中国的对外联系(当然包括对英国管理下的香港的联系),是被严格控制的。所有的对外贸易都是由国务院统一管理。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">既然这样,地方要自行出口,同帝国主义</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">发生关系</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">,那就是犯</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">天条</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">的事。轻则免职,重则判刑。这种</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">犯天条</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">的事,宝安县委如何敢碰?照说,广东省委也没有这么大权力</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">批</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">呀。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; margin-right: 6pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">意外的是,当我翻到档案的下一部分时,发现就在接到报告不到两个月,即</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">8</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">2</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">日,广东省委竟同意了宝安县委的要求。允许宝安县的农民自行出口柴草到香港去卖。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">陶铸和他的同事,为什么胆子会这么大?我注意到这个时间:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">年的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">月。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">那么,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月,这是个什么时间呢?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">个月前,就是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月,毛泽东在北京召开了中共八届九中全会。正式通过了对国</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 3pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">民经济实行</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">调整、巩固、充实、提供</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">的八字方针。就是说,开始从</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">大跃进</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">的热度中清醒过来了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">2</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">月,毛泽东在同浙江、湖南两个省的领导人讲话时说,公社太大了。这个队不知那个队在干什么,贫富不均,这怎么会有积极性?食堂问题,不要千篇一律,一定要适合情况</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">……</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 6pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">他特地借</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">14</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">日给张平化的信告诉全党:一切问题都要走群众路线,和群众商量,然后共同决定。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">他身边的战友们思想也都</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">解放</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">了,也敢冲着</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">人民公社</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">说话了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">4</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">日,刘少奇在湖南长沙县调查,回来后对毛泽东直白说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">食堂没有优越性,要</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">散。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">日,周恩来在河北邯郸调查后,向在上海的毛泽东发电报说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">绝大多数甚至全体社员都愿回家做饭。群众迫切要求恢复高级社的评工记分办法。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 37pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">10</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">日,邓小平和彭真在北京市的顺义、怀柔调查后写的报告说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">政策要调整。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">平均主义害死人。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">原来,这是一个毛泽东正在向后</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">退</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">的时期。也是一个他身边的战友敢于大胆发言、边远的封疆大吏们也敢于自作主张的时期。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">为了度过饥荒,各地背着中央搞土政策。对于各地出格的事,中央也睁只眼闭只眼。只要能度过荒年,你们就看着办吧。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">于是,安徽、湖南等地在搞田土承包,广东则打起了香港的主意。而深圳河边呢,就开始</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">卖柴草</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">在研究新中国成立后的历史时,专家们常常碰到这样的一个规律:每当面临困境,中央政府的控制便会有所</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">放松</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">,而各基层政府呢,便抓住机会,极力向上级要求更多的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">权力</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">。这就是所谓的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">上面松一松,下面攻一攻</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">。上面松了,下面又再攻!</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">但是这次</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">攻</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">非同一般,这次,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">伏笔</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">埋在后头</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">……</span></p></div><div><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">广东省委一批</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">同意</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">,缝隙一开,宝安县的要求又接上来了!</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.3pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 40pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">既然给</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">柴草</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">网开一面了,为什么不给</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">人</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">也网开一面呢?既然</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">柴草</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">可以过河,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">人</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">,为什么不可以过河啊?</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 6pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">果然,就在广东省委同意宝安县委出口柴草后仅两月,即</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">8</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">29</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">日,宝安县委给广东省委</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">要求放宽边境</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">的报告便上来了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">这个报告的名字比较长,叫做《关于适当放宽边防管理政策,切实解决边防地区人民群众恢复和发展生产中必须解决的问题的报告》。在报告中,宝安县委提出了让</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">人</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">自由去香港的要求。以下是报告的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">要求</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">和</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">理由</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">摘要:</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.7pt;"> </p><p style="margin-right: 4pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">宝安有</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">280</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">多公里长的海岸线</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">历来有下海捕鱼的生产习惯。</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">56</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">年封锁边境后,强加群众接受,不准群众下海捕鱼生产,剥夺了他们生产的权利</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">带来了严重损失。如附城公社下沙大队</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">合作化时代一年下海捕鱼搞副业收入</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">14</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">多万,去年仅收入</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1.4</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">万元</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">劳动力逃跑到香港的有</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">250</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">多人。甚至在政法、公安和民警部队与群众之间形成了一种对抗情绪。</span></p></div><div><span style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div><p style="line-height: 10pt;"> <img src="http://www.chinainperspective.com/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/18201808-b15.JPG" width="419" height="494" alt="" /></p><p style="line-height: 10pt;"> <span style="font-family: Arial; text-indent: 19.8pt;">全县有</span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-indent: 19.8pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-indent: 19.8pt;">万多华侨,</span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-indent: 19.8pt;">6</span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-indent: 19.8pt;">万人在港澳。过去正常情况下一天有二百多人来往香港。</span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-indent: 19.8pt;">56</span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-indent: 19.8pt;">年封锁边境后,每天只准许出入两个人。丈夫有病,妻子不能去伺候。结婚了的夫妻长期得不到同居。父母在港逝世,儿女不能出去料理丧事。有些妇女公开大骂我们:我丈夫在外另娶,你们政府要负全部责任。</span> </p></div><div><p style="line-height: 1.35pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">由于我们剥夺了群众的生产的权利,生产下降、大批劳动力逃亡,党严重地脱离了群众。边防部队连青菜都买不到吃。</span></p><p style="line-height: 13.8pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.12px; margin-right: 10pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">注意,这份报告把偷渡外逃的根本原因,归结到是因为</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">我们剥夺了群众的生产权利。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">可谓直率而大胆!</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">最后,报告提出要求:</span></p><div> </div><div><img src="http://www.chinainperspective.com/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/18201808-b16.JPG" width="368" height="512" alt="" /> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></div><p style="line-height: 12pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">除五类(地、富、反、坏、右)分子外,凡是公社社员经当地批准,都可以自由出境生产。但渔民不要上岸,民兵不要带枪。</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 12.9333px; font-family: 宋体;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">开放边境口子,让农民自由出境。允许农民与香港做小额的贸易。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 19pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">最后,报告满怀信心地表示:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">放宽边防管理制度后,党群关系一定能得到迅速改变。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">有理、有据,振振有词。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">我盖上</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">年宝安县的档案时,却感到额头上有点汗。宝安县小小一些县干部,就敢叫</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">打开国门、对港开放</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">,这可是要坐牢的呀!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">这报告是谁弄的?而更叫人难理解的是,广东省委在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">25</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">日竟然</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">同意</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">了宝安县的要求。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">以陶铸为首的广东省委为什么要批示</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">同意</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">?它的背后,有着怎样的内情?</span></p><p style="line-height: 18.3pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 103pt;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Arial;">第三节</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Arial;">宝安县委书记李富林</span></p><p style="line-height: 10pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.05pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 31pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">一、</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">陶铸派我去宝安</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 15.25pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.36px; margin-right: 10pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">所以派你去,这情况一定得改变过来,一定要让老百姓有碗饭吃</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">当然,这事说起来容易,做起来蛮艰巨。</span></p><p style="line-height: 16.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">(一)</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">陈记者,你一定要去找找李书记。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">当我还是推着那辆</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">除了铃铛不响,哪儿都响</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">的单车,走在宝安农村的山间小道上</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">时,不管在哪里,一听说我在采访宝安的历史题材,从坐在大班台边的股份公司的总经理,到</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">哗哗哗</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">推着麻将的桌旁的农妇,几乎所有的人都会用这句话来提醒我。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10pt;"> <img src="http://www.chinainperspective.com/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/18201808-b17.JPG" width="323" height="249" alt="" /></p><p style="line-height: 10pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.88px; margin-right: 11pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">他们话中的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">李书记</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">,就是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">60</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">年代出任宝安县县委书记李富林。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">小陈,你别写错了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">李富林在东山宾馆接受采访时说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">富裕的富、双木林的林。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">他笑着说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">“‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">文化大革命</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">’</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">时,大字报写成李福临,说我父亲想发财,哈、哈、哈</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">……”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">(二)</span></p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-family: Arial;">1923</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-family: Arial;">10</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; font-family: Arial;">月,我出生在山西省历城县。抗战时期,我们那儿的年轻人都闹着打东洋,</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 0.6pt;"><br /></p><p style="line-height: 11.16px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">我就上了太行山,跟着八路军整天在山沟里转。到抗战胜利时,我已是河南新乡地区的区委书记了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">1949</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">年南下,部队从武汉一直往南打。我们简直是跑步前进,不几个月就过了韶关,连里的文书告诉我,要这样下去,再有一个月,就到海边了。啥是海?我没看过呀,我就叫警卫员拿出地图来给我找。找了半天,就在海边上找到了宝安县,没想到,那地方就是后来给我这辈子留下记忆最深的地方。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">广东解放后,领导就对我说,战打完了,李富林,你不在部队了,你下地方去吧,现在是搞建设,你要好好干。这样,我就留在了广东。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">合作社的时候,我已经做到了东莞的县委书记了。到</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">年,又做了佛山地委的农村部部长。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">农村部部长不是管农村吗?经常要下去,我身体又好,整天赤着脚在田埂上跑,所以对下面的各个县的情况都很了解。领导问起来,子丑寅卯答得都顺当,也许正是这一些,让陶铸看上我了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">当时他是省委书记。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年底,也许是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1959</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年了吧。有一天陶书记给我打电话说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">富林啊,你明天到广州来一下。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">我就去了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 3pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">富林,派你到海边去</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">怎么样?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记一见面就对我说。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">哎</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">坐下呀。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">他向我压压手。我站着,依然是当年当兵的作风。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 20pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">我没吱声,因为我还没弄明白,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">去海边</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">是啥意思?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">就是去宝安县</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">去做七品官。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记开玩笑说。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.04px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">首长指哪里,我就打到哪里。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">派个县委书记也亲自过问,可见当年宝安县的重要。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">嗯,好。那地方又重要,又复杂,难搞,知道吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记好像有很多话要对我交代。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12.6px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">富林啊,那儿可是咱们出香港的最后一道关口啦,重要啊。人家就在河边上,你说句话人家都会评三道四。那里的老百姓不是长着一个脑子,是长着两个脑子,一个社会主义的,一个资本主义的,不好领导。外逃,这你是知道的,全国全世界都出名啦:每年少则几千、多则几万人偷渡。总理都问过我几次了,说陶铸啊,这事怎么就老治不了啊?</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 16.1px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">他停顿了一下,把头仰起来,摇摇:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">真丢人,丢社会主义的人,也丢我陶铸的人。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">他继续说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">经济上呢,更是糟透了。一个多好的地方啊,田里一年收三季、南头的荔枝、沙井的蚝</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">吃什么没有啊?这几年让运动搞得没饭吃,田也荒了,人也跑了,留下来的,吃野菜、番薯根根过日子。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">说着说着,陶铸好像动了感情:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">河对面,人家资本主义的孩子吃着牛奶面包,我们的孩子瘦得像颗秧,还在唱社会主义好,还没跑,还在跟我们共产党走。多好的老百姓啊,我们亏待了他们!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">前些日子,我到那里视察,老百姓给我说了个事,说沙头角对面有人给这边扔糖果,我们的孩子拣了想吃,娘走过来扇了孩子一耳光,把糖果又扔回到界碑那边去。哪个孩子不是娘的肉啊,富林,就这么好的百姓,我们还忍心让他们跟着我们受罪吗!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我发现陶书记眼里有股白花花的东西在动</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">他是个文人气质很重的人。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">所以派你去,这情况一定得改变过来,一定要让老百姓有碗饭吃</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">当然,这事说起来容易,做起来蛮艰巨。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">他在房间里踱着步。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">我说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">陶书记,你说的我都听明白了,我不会给你丢脸的!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">临走时,他特别叮嘱我:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">你们那是个特殊的地方,我总在想,是不是该给你们开点小灶</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">就是搞点特殊政策。你先做吧,有问题直接给我打电话。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">从陶书记屋里出来,我感到信心百倍。(三)</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: 宋体;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 0.5pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">但是,当我登上征程,车越往南开时,我的心情就变得越沉重了。我就知道陶书记为什么会说这事</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">蛮艰巨</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">一路上,一顷顷的良田在荒芜,走十几里也没看见有人。我特地在路边一个村庄停下来讨水喝,目的是看看里面的究竟。一个打着赤脚的五六岁的孩子,摇摇晃晃提着一个水罐出来,他大概因为饥饿而站不太稳。我问他:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">爸爸呢?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">开始摇摇头,后来把手向南指</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">意思是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">香港</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">。又问:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">妈妈呢?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">又把手向南指,还是香港。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">家里还有谁?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">父母都跑了,这么大的孩子,谁带啊?我这才发现,一个白发的老阿婆在门后边偷偷望着我们。这可能就是家里剩的唯一的大人了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">我们都穿着中山装,一看就是共产党的干部。从老人那警惕的、带点敌意的眼光中,我感到不寒而栗。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">我突然想起当年在太行山打游击时,老乡们是怎么给我们领路打鬼子的,是怎样宁可自己挨饿,也把粮食藏起来留给我们的。变化真大呀!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">可怕呀,人民,已经不再信任我们!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">资本主义怎么就那么大的吸引力呀?我们真的就不行吗?</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 20pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">汽车还没进深圳镇,就听见树上的高音喇叭在唱着</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">快板词</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">木薯渣好,木薯渣好,木薯渣全身都是宝</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">……”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我下车就问县广播站长:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">喇叭里说什么呀?什么东西有那么好呀?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">广播站长苦笑着过来说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">木薯渣,就是木薯的渣渣。嘿嘿,没有吃的了,连木薯都没有了,所以县委决定,瓜菜代,发动老百姓用木薯渣代替主粮。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">他大概还想听到我的表扬,接着说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">这十大好处,是我刚刚总结出来的,准备在全县推广,词还不顺口</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">……”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">突然看见我阴沉的脸。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">还十大好处呢,好个屁!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我发了火,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">就发动老百姓吃这个东西呀,不害臊,丢社会主义的脸!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">第二天,我就下到全县各地去摸情况。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.36px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.7933px; font-family: Arial;">真是不摸不知道,一摸吓一跳。党内的</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.7933px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.7933px; font-family: Arial;">浮夸风</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.7933px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.7933px; font-family: Arial;">、冒进风,真把边境的农民害苦了。小陈啊,我给你说两件事吧,你看看我们干了多少傻事,是怎么把好端端的群众给逼</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.52px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">得逃港的。</span></p><p style="line-height: 15.85pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 31pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">二、东莞和宝安的民兵排长为什么逃港</span></p><p style="line-height: 16.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">1960</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">年的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">月,有两个民兵排长在同一天逃港,一个被抓住了,后来还被判了刑,是东莞塘厦的,叫梁五贵;另一个跑脱了,是深圳镇附近的,叫庄大龙。两人都是参加过全省民兵模范大会的代表,很出名的。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">为什么两个排长都要跑呢?(一)</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">白背心</span><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">的故事</span></p><p style="line-height: 13.2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">球赛打了一半,情况就不对了。所有围着看球的观众的眼睛都盯住了梁五贵的背脊看。全场猛地一静。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.6pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">全场的人都在看什么,你想都想不到。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">梁五贵的白背心浸透了汗水,竟然慢慢显出来四个字来:</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">反攻大陆</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">!</span></p><p style="line-height: 13.6pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.88px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">60</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">年代初,梁五贵是东莞塘厦镇的一个民兵排长。他有个爱好:打篮球。上中学的时候,常引得场外的姑娘们眼睛跟着他。他也不找老婆,他说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">我已经找到爱人啦,我的爱人就是篮球。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.92px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 13.9533px; font-family: Arial;">有一回,军区的首长来东莞视察,临走留影。别人站在首长身后都两手贴裤缝,笔直</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.3333px; font-family: Arial;">笔挺,他却一定要抱个篮球。县武装部的老齐很生气,叫他扔了,他硬是不肯。谁知军区首长也是个爱篮球的:</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.3333px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.3333px; font-family: Arial;">他要抱着照就抱着照吧,毛主席说了,锻炼身体,保卫祖国嘛!</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.3333px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">谁知后来,这梁五贵就因为打篮球出了事,差点儿丢了性命。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; margin-right: 3pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">那时节,蒋介石正叫喊</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">反攻大陆</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">,海峡两岸,打不完的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">攻心战</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">。还搞</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">海飘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">,就是把宣传品放到海水中,利用潮水的涨落将</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">一定要解放台湾</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">打倒国民党蒋介石</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">的标语飘到金门岛去,或者将</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">反攻大陆</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">大陆同胞团结起来推翻共党暴政</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">的标语飘到厦门来。如同金门一样,香港的国民党组织也往定安、东莞放气球。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">说来有趣,那时国内连吃饭都困难,飘到金门去的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">宣传品</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">竟还带着一扎扎的贵州茅台、北京果脯、甚至张小泉剪刀</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">说是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">拯救苦难中的台湾人民</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">。而台湾方面飘过来的呢?也都是好东西,一袋袋的白面、一铁盒一铁盒的猪油、饼干、牛奶糖</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">有点像相互送礼了。后来</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">海飘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">不够</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">过瘾</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">了,又发明了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">空飘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">。西风起的时候,大陆一方的渔民民兵将标语系在风筝上,放到对面的金门岛上去;东风起来,台湾一方将标语系在气球上,放到厦门来。如同金门一样,香港的国民党组织也往宝安、东莞放气球。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">那时,政府有严格规定,饿死不为五斗米折腰。凡是国民党反动派飘过来的东西,检到了一律要交公。眼睛看到了的,不但要被查问</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">那些东西</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">的来源,有些公社的红头文件还写着,要给看到宣传品的群众</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">洗眼</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; margin-right: 3pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.5667px; font-family: Arial;">这一天,梁五贵正在山头上锄地,就看见蓝空中飘忽忽地飞过来一个白白的东西。</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.5667px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.5667px; font-family: Arial;">他妈的,又来了,国民党气球!</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.5667px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.5667px; font-family: Arial;">梁五贵正骂着,果然就听得</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.5667px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.5667px; font-family: Arial;">啪</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.5667px; font-family: Arial;">——”</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.5667px; font-family: Arial;">地一响,掉下来许多的饼干啊、香烟啊,还有男女的衣服裤子,有的落在地里,有的落在荆棘丛中。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">民兵排长首先盯住看周围有没有斗胆拾了反动物品的人,没有。他便骂咧着,一边从地上、荆棘中捡空飘过来的物品,准备上交公社武装部去。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">梁五贵把所有的东西都交到武装部去了,只有一样没舍得上交,那是两件白色的运动背心,太漂亮了,他舍不得。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">公社书记大大表扬了梁五贵的思想觉悟高,还通知他再上一次县里的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">先进民兵会</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">,吃三天</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">甑蒸饭</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">事情就坏在这三天的民兵会上。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; margin-right: 12pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">民兵会散会的前一晚,照例要进行一场篮球比赛,梁五贵高兴极了,又有了表现机会,他特意穿上了那件白色背心上场。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">球赛打了一半,情况就不对了。所有围着看球的观众的眼睛都盯住了梁五贵的背脊</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">看。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">全场猛地一静。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">全场的人都在看什么,你想都想不到。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.76px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">梁五贵的白背心浸透了汗水,竟然慢慢显出来四个字来:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">反攻大陆</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">!人们都吓坏了!事情来得太突然,所有的人都只敢看,不敢喊出第一声。在公开场合显示反动标语,那是要杀头的!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 3pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">觉悟</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">得最早的还是老齐,他像一头狮子窜到梁五贵的身边,用身体挡住了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">反标</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">,用东北话骂了声:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">兔崽子!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">然后高声宣布:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">比赛停止,都回去!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">最后的结果当然可想而知,梁五贵被五花大绑起来。他被脱光了上衣,反吊在屋梁上。审问是怎样成为</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">美蒋特务</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">的。有人在旁边用木棍抽他,每一棍下去,人就在空中摆动一遭,屋梁就发出一遭</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">吱吱</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">——”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">的声音。他就痛叫一声:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">是白背心呀,是白背心呀</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">——”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">那意思是,他不知道,拾到的时候还是一件空白背心的。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">他被解下来,晕死过去了,一盆凉水下去又活过来。从此,梁五贵就落了个</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">白背心</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">的诨名。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">后来,梁五贵被送到看守所。好在他成分好,加上的确是无意,他们公社书记也是个爱篮球的。梁五贵关了二十天,放了,其实没判刑,但民兵排长当不成了。每日下地还有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">内控</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">监视着他。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial; text-indent: 24pt;">谁知这小子还不安分,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial; text-indent: 24pt;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial; text-indent: 24pt;">年大逃港时,拉着</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial; text-indent: 24pt;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial; text-indent: 24pt;">内控</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial; text-indent: 24pt;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial; text-indent: 24pt;">他的人一起逃往香港。后来香港报纸说一个东莞的民兵排长拉了一个民兵班逃香港,那是国民党吹牛的,不对。</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">(二)红树林田边烧肉的故事</span></p><p style="line-height: 13.65pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">结果,哨子吹</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">爆</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">了,也找不来民兵排长庄大龙。原来他也夹在群众中吃了肉,躲了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 18.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">深圳的滨海大道边,有一个地方叫红树林,听说而今男男女女假日常去那地方。红树林靠着深圳湾,海湾的堤边长满了红树,落满了白色的水鸟,对面就是香港的高楼,风景好看得很。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">几十年前,那里是一片荒凉的海滩,海堤内是一大片稻田,稻田的尽头有一个小小的村庄,叫做上沙村。如今还在的。上沙村的人常在堤下干活。香港隔得近,从稻田里伸直腰就可以看见那边的高楼大厦。到落潮的时候,两地似乎就更近了。有人形容:要逃港啊,赶早起来上堤,到了香港,还能赶上喝早茶。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.25pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">只是海堤上有巡逻的边防军人,你上不了的。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">上沙村的人却不同,可以上堤。因为他们有下海证,可以到海湾中打鱼,卖给香港的渔船,只是不准上香港的岸,上了就是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">偷渡</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">。香港的渔船也带着这边缺乏的物资,如肥皂、卫生纸等,偷偷在海上卖给大陆渔民。就是不敢带到大陆的岸上来,上了就是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">走私</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">那年头,人民公社不许私人养猪,食堂又没油水,几个月甚至成年没肉吃,年轻人肚子里的油都刮尽了,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">肚慌慌</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">哪忍得住?于是有个叫虾仔的,拉了几个大胆的青年,到香港船上买了十斤猪肉,想着可以饱食一餐。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">虾仔不敢进村,更不敢进家,怕被说走私。几个人一商量,干脆就在稻田边上烧着吃了算了。于是,在田边上拾了树叶、抱了稻草,偷偷摸摸躲在堤下面,拿树枝挂了烧猪肉。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">谁知刮的是南风,肉在架上烧得</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">吱吱</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">冒着油,香味直往深圳这边吹。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">这是什么香啊?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">在田里割稻子的青年人都闻到了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">呀,是油香。谁在烧肉?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">有人鼻子尖。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">是虾仔在烧肉啊!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">有人欢呼起来,镰刀、打谷机也不要了,欢呼雀跃着都围过去</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">好啊,你们独食啦!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">我们也吃一点</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">人民公社大食堂,哈!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">有捣蛋的年轻人便拿树枝当筷子插将过去。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.88px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">现在的年轻人,无法想象饥饿是什么滋味了。天天喝着地瓜汤的,谁抵得住诱惑?先是年轻仔抢肉吃,年轻媳妇、年轻姑娘在田里偷偷往远处看一眼,不好意思,又低下头锄地。到后来,那香气越飘越浓,如何抵挡得住?接着就有中年人、老年人,最后是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">穆桂英战斗队</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">的媳妇、再最后是年轻闺女们都丢了镰刀、打谷机跑过去。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">啊</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">好香啊,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我们也来吃一口。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">这样一来,田里没人割禾了。正好福田大队治保主任李华保带了民兵路过,一看,大骂:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">人都到哪里去啦?他妈的,又是虾仔做的好事!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">治保主任带了几个持枪的民兵赶到:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">好啊,你们吃走私肉!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">把柴火踩灭,把肉提了走。又警告说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">虾仔,你下回再搞资本主义,让你上公社!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">就是关起来的意思。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">这下子可惹怒了群众:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我们吃口肉也犯法啦?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">还让不让老百姓活啊!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">虾仔也不怕:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">老子贫下中农,怕你?把肉给我放下!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.92px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 13.9533px; font-family: Arial;">双方僵持起来,几十个群众同几个民兵对峙,双方你推我推,竟然打了起来。于是,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">治安主任便吹哨子,召唤武装民兵赶过去抓人。</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">结果,哨子吹</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">爆</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">了,也找不来民兵排长庄大龙。原来他也夹在群众中吃了肉,躲了。后来追查的时候就说,庄大龙立场不稳,怎么民兵排长还吃走私肉呢,要革他的职。他一气之下,索性逃港了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.24px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">这是我到宝安县遇到的头一桩事。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">县委书记李富林回忆说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">唉,那年头,人家想吃口肉,也是肚子太饿了,有多大的罪啊?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 12.6pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 31pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">三、</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">不行,我们得去找省委</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 17.65pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">谢金祥又站起来了,边点着烟,边向我走来。</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">大伙放心,</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">谢金祥给我接上火,</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">李书记肯定会去的</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">,他把点好的烟伸到我嘴边。显然在</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">将</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">我</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.76px;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">的</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">军</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">啦。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">这些事情虽然是给处理了。但我的心里,依然像悬着块大石头,党群矛盾这么尖锐,我担心啊!</span></p><p style="line-height: 17.7pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">当夜,我又赶回县里,召集县委委员在我的办公室开会。我开头说了几句,意思是党群矛盾很大,要想办法把农村政策放宽些,特别是多给群众自留地。不然,群众没吃的,都在点我们的背脊骨骂,我们不知道,还当群众多拥护呢。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">开始我还当心宝安县委保守,谁知一看我这一把手也提要</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">放宽</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">,县委们那情绪就像火苗蔓延开来。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">李书记,你跟我们想的一样,就是政策搞得太死了呀!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">书记说对了,要农民不跑,就应该让农民多搞点自留地。有地,就能绊住农民的</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">腿。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">咱也不用管他中央的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">%了,多给农民点自留地。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">当时按规定农民只有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">%的自留</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">地。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">李书记,你是搞过土改的,你还记得土改那年头不?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">说话的是附城公社的书记谢金祥,早听说他是最敢说话的。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">那时就是因为土地归了农民,生产上得多快啊。到了秋收,家家都酿米酒,工作队过路都过不了,都拦住往家里拖。现在呢,为吃肉的事差点要同群众干起来了,这像话吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">农民的自留地多了,会不会出资本主义呢?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">我故意问。</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 10pt;"><br /></p><div><img src="http://www.chinainperspective.com/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/18201808-b18.JPG" width="335" height="367" alt="" /> </div><p style="line-height: 10.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">(此照片</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">文化大革命</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">中被指为</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">宝安县常委反党小集团罪证</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">)</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.4pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">前左起:刘正义、李馨亭、李富林、叶明华。后左二起:邓仕其、杨克、王发、吉凤亭</span></p><p style="line-height: 17.7pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">这一问,摸不准我的心思,大家又缩回去,没人发言了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">大家说呀!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">我催。</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">唉,你看,当年的党风就是这样,都跟着一把手的态度转!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">你要听实话还是假话?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">又是谢金祥挺出来。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">当然是实话。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">不定罪的?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.55pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">讲,我这屋里不定罪。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">我说。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">好的。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">谢金祥从桌边站起来,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">咱们天天这主义那主义,下面都快饿死人了,光喊社会主义好能填饱肚子吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">下面便有人说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">老谢说的是实话,农民就是这样想的。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">谢金祥说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">要我说实话,我主张把土地都分回给老百姓去。就像搞土改那样。要是老百姓分了田地,还混不到饭吃,我敢这样,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">他把手掌放在脖子上,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">砍我脑袋!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">这不是公开嚷分田吗?他真的很大胆!这位为民请命的公社书记,几年后就在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">文化大革命</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">中被斗疯了,最重要罪行之一就是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">60</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年代的这次</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">大闹单干</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">说得好!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">下面的人都应合。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">老谢讲得对,我投他一票!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">站起来补充的是沙井公社的书记刘斌。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我们是打渔的,话说得粗,李书记你别在意。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">刘斌说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">李书记,就一条,你允许</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">我沙井的渔民自由下海,产品允许去那边卖,我们就拥护你!你要是还照老的搞,老百姓就不会拥护你,我也不会拥护你!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">他激动起来:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">香港又不是马来西亚,为什么我们自己国家的地方不能去!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">他是从马</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">来亚回来的共产党员。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">刘斌,你敢给县委上交吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">有人故意鼓动。</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">敢啊,怎么不敢?李书记,只要你松口,让我搞独立王国,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">刘斌敢拍着胸脯,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我一年就叫沙井富起来,第二年后,每年给你县里交二十万!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">二十万,那时是个天文数字啊!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">哈哈,李书记,刘斌要给县里盖招待所啦!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">有人说。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">会场气氛又轻松、活跃起来。其他发言的县领导,有要求放宽出入的,有要求进口化肥的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">都涉及一些敏感的政策性问题。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12.12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">有的说,咱可以先在莲塘搞个试点,试试放宽老百姓出入。上面要批评咱就收。有的说可以在船上同香港人做生意,赚到的钱交给县财政,一年百把万没问题</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">议论纷纷。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我暗暗在想,小小一个宝安县,为什么干部的胆子这么大啊!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">算了算了,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">刘斌摇摇手说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我看闹来闹去都没有用,毛主席也听不到。要想搞得</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">长久,还得李书记上省里去反映,拿政策来。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">大家都看着我。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">总要给点特殊政策吧,咱这是边防呀。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">大家怂恿我。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">李书记是陶书记的红人,李书记要出马找陶书记呀,保险有准。哈哈。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">他们给我戴</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">高帽子了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">原来是要我去</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">搞政策</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">?我没吱声,光抽烟。其实,我没吱声是在想着怎么做。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">这时,我记得,谢金祥又站起来了,边点着烟,边向我走来。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">大伙放心,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">谢金祥给我接上火,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">李书记肯定会去的,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">他把点好的烟伸到我嘴边,</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">显然在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">将</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">我的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">军</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">我白了他一眼,衔了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">哈,李书记,这烟你接了,就是答应了啊!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">谢金祥忽悠我说。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 19pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我抽了一口烟:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">谢金祥,你别给我耍花花,我知道你在给我抹光油。该做的我会做。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我浓浓地吐出一口烟:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我同意大伙意见,明天就去找省委。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">哈哈</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">……”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">达到了目的的县委们都欢呼着笑了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 13.9pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 31pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">四、从陶书记手上要到了特殊政策</span></p><p style="line-height: 17.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 10pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">富林啊,这个问题蛮大呢,只能试着来呀。要么这样吧,我们一边开会研究,你们一边先搞,只做不说嘛,我们也装着不知道,好吗?要碰上问题我再出面替你撑腰。</span></p><p style="line-height: 15.95pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">(一)</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">当夜我就想给陶铸打电话了,太晚,拿起话筒来又放下了。我的心情很复杂。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">宝安县的干部反应这么强烈,是我此前没有想到的。而下面群众同党和政府已经发生对立。这些情况上面不知道,北京更不知道,可我在边境上看得清清楚楚。</span></p><div> </div><div><img src="http://www.chinainperspective.com/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/18201808-b19.JPG" width="194" height="251" alt="" /> </div></div><div><p style="line-height: 11.7pt;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial; text-indent: 24pt;">我是亲身从北往南一直打过来的,那时候战无不胜,原因是什么?是人民拥护我们,支持我们啊。老百姓给我们推车、给我们喂伤员、把自己最后的一粒粮食拿出来支援前线。我们胜利了,为什么群众倒反过来跟我们对立了呢?为什么不跟共产党走,要往资本主义跑呢?</span></p><p style="line-height: 2.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">我想来想去,弄明白了一个道理,当年人民要跟着共产党走,是因为相信共产党能给他们带来好日子。可是新中国成立了,没过几年好日子,穿衣要布票、买油要油票,连饭都没得吃了,他们怎能不跑呢?</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.25pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">说来说去是个经济问题嘛。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">不行,得把这情况对陶书记说!</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">天一亮,我就叫司机开了车往广州去,我要去说真话,向陶书记说我的心里话!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">什么事呀?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">陶书记正在小岛宾馆开会,在电话里跟我说话。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">严重的事,陶书记!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">什么事这么严重啊,天塌下来了啊?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">陶书记学着毛主席的语气。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">差不多,共产党这样下去要完蛋!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">话一说出口我又有点紧张,对省委书记说得这么</span></p><p style="line-height: 8.85pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.88px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">直,这话是要被打成右倾的呀。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">嗯?你了解到什么了?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">电话那头没有批评,语气反倒变成商量的了:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">真有那么严重吗?富林,说出来我听听。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-right: 3pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">有啊,书记。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">我的胆子大了,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">有肉也不让老百姓吃,都要造反了!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">我就把情况简单向他说了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">中央不是来了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">60</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">条吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">政策要退,要退够。以后不吃食堂了,不搞公社核算了,还可以有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">%的自留地,农民自种自收。政策放宽多了,你大胆发动大家搞啊。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 2pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">%远远不够呀,书记。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">宝安县得有特殊政策。这里是边境,旁边那个资本主义吸引力大得很,要想留住人,没有特殊政策,怎么吸引人?你来</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">60</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">条,来</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">80</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">条都不行!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我发牢骚说。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">你想怎么样?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">放人自由进出!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 0.5pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">电话那头停了一下,没声音。看来,对我提出的这个要求,陶书记在思索。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">你是想</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">开口子,对不对?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">怎么一说他就明白?难道省委也交流过这个事情?我便说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">是啊,应该适当允许老</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">百姓自由出入,让他们上香港去弄些东西,食品、日用品等回来。他们都有亲戚在香港的,摆着个食品店在旁边,干吗还要让群众饿肚子呀?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">他似乎在思考什么,半晌,他说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">你同县委的人商量一下吧,先拿个方案来,我们好考虑。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">电话中的陶书记似乎又考虑了一下,接着说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">不,你明天来我这里一趟吧,我们当面交换一下想法。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">(二)</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 36pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">第二天是个阳光灿烂的好日子,我到省委拨通陶书记的电话,说又要开一天的会,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">你先回去,改时间再谈行不行?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">我一想不行,这一拖又不知到什么时候。立马得找到他,最好直接上他家去。那样好说话。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">我知道陶书记家在哪。上楼时我有点紧张,不说一声就来了,怕得挨骂。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">我一按门铃,开门的是曾志同志</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记的爱人:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">哟,是富林啊!快进来。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">带点湘南口音,态度挺好。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">进到客厅就听见书房里的陶铸的声音:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">好啊,李富林,你后门钻到我家里来了呀。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 19pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">曾志对我使眼色,悄悄说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">别怕他,他就这样,喜欢说笑话。要说什么,你尽管说。来,喝茶。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">她给我冲了茶便回到后厅去。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记就出来了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 19pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">我壮着胆子说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记,我可不是来走后门的,这个要求不提,是对党不负责任呀。就像我在电话中给您汇报的,老百姓就差没造反了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">嗯,怎么你也用这个字眼?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记在思索,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">陈毅元帅在我这里也这样说。真有那么严重吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">宝安是广东省的门面,说大点,也是中国的门面,得做出个漂亮的样子。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">对啊。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记点着头。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">目前老百姓要吃没吃,要用没用,偷渡成风。原因就是一个,经济上卡得太死,要</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">放宽。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">嗯。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">我们研究了两点,一个是对农村经济的,一个是对边境管理的。对于农村经济,要把生产的主动权放到农民自己的手里去。为什么公社集体养猪就是养不好,老百姓叫集体的猪是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">两头尖</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">’</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">?因为猪不是他自己的嘛!为什么田里干起活来积极性不高?因为土地不是他自己的嘛!只要多把一些权力交给群众,积极性马上可以起来,粮食就能增产,老百姓就能有饭吃!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我偷偷注意陶书记的表情,该不会说我右倾吧。还好,在听。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">你是说中央</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">60</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">条的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">%的还不够,是吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记问。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">不够啊,陶书记,起码要允许我们翻一番,让农民留</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">14</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">%的自留地。这样农民就可</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">以解决吃饭的问题,起码不会饿死人了。要想农民生活再好些,就得把自留地再扩大些。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">陶铸问:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">搞</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">14</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">%,违规的哟!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我们是边境嘛,中央要问起来,你就打伞说广东搞的还是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">%嘛。要查出</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">14</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">%来,你就说粤港两地的差距太大,要稳定边防嘛。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记向我微微一笑,可能心在想:还遮瞒三部曲呀,李富林呀,你外表老实,心还蛮</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">鬼</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">的嘛。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">嗯,还有什么鬼点子呀?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记问。</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: 宋体;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">宝安不是人都往香港跑了,弄得田多人少吗?我有个办法,集体种不了的地,号召农民把它种起来,自种自收。以前荒地不准群众种,宁可荒着,谁种谁是资本主义,还开会斗人家,那是做蠢事嘛。以后谁种的地多,要表扬!还有,集体养不过来的猪、鸡、经济作物,就让群众去弄,交一部分给队里,剩下的自己吃,自己用。老百姓的生活问题就好解决了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.56px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.08px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记仔细地听着。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">我敢保证。如果你允许我这样干,宝安县的生产马上就上去,上交国家的粮食,不在广东省数第一也要数第二。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">这个决心让陶书记乐了:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">富林,你这是夸海口吧。一个人都快跑光了的县,你还想搞出个全省排头呀?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; margin-right: 9pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">我说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记,我敢夸口当然敢负责任呀。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">我又拿出</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">物资利诱</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">曾大姐和斯亮她们不是爱吃红薯吗?以后宝安增产了,我每年给你挑最好的送两担来,红心的,甜啊。行不行?只要你答应。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记乐得</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">哈哈哈</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">大笑了:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">别送了,别送了,富林,能让省委的人上你宝安吃两顿饱红薯,我就知足了,大家都饿呢。嗯,可以。还有什么?第二个想法。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记答应了!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">我的胆子更大了;</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">第二个想法就是放宽边境。要放宽群众来往深港,放他们过去做生意。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">这</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">——”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记对这事感觉很警觉,不表态。我说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我知道,这是大事。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">难怪陶书记这么紧张。所谓</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">边防无小事</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">,针尖大的事都能引起国际反响。前不久,一个美国水兵在香港度假,不知怎么开着小艇就进到沙头角附近的海面上来了。谁知潮水一退,搁了浅,被我们抓了。我到省里请示。书记说,老李你傻啊,抓了个烫手的山芋了。放又放不得,丢面子;惩罚呢,又怕把问题闹大,很难办啊!据说当时陶书记还打电话到中央,要听总理的意见。现在说到放宽边境的事,要是那边</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">抗议放人</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">,引起了国际纠纷怎么办?陶书记当然谨慎。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">我说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">所以要给您汇报,看行不行啊,我哪敢作主呀。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">是啊,富林啊。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">我们这是在太岁头上动土呀!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">我说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">不是我们宝安要在太岁头上动土,是的的确确群众有困难,不让他们出去是</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">我们不对。我算了个数,我说出来,书记看是不是道理,您可以批评,批判也成。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">陶铸说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">什么数啊?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">他摊开了笔记本,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">你说。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">我的话匣子打开了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">宝安县有多少人?实际数字</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">28</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">万,可在香港的宝安县人有多少?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">20</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">万还有多。就是在外头的同宝安本身的人差不多是一对一了。都是些什么人啊?丈夫、父亲、儿子、舅舅、表兄</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">在宝安,哪家哪户都有人连着香港的亲。人家总要见面呀,亲人见面还不允许人家吗?可是我们呢?出入平衡,就是说每天香港进大陆来多少人,就允许多少大陆人到香港去。当然这是英国人做的坏规定。您想想看,中国有几千个县,一天才允许不超过</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">50</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">个人出去,按这样轮到我们宝安县,一年才准批四个半人去港。每年宝安要求出去的人呢,上万。这要等多少年?人家夫夫妻妻、子子女女就在家里等着?您让人家等到死呀?您说不批人家去有道理吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记没作声,认真地记着。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">丈夫害病了,妻子不能去看。父亲要死了,想叫儿子去见最后一面,不准去,你说人家跑不跑?人家跑了就是偷渡?派狼狗追人家、对天鸣枪吓人家、抓住了关人家</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">哪朝哪代哪个国家都没有的道理啊!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">我越说越气愤。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记在记着,飞快地记着。我感到他听进去了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">你想要怎样搞?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">陶铸突然停下手中的笔,脸上的表情也有些愠怒。</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: 宋体;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 11.88px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">我想搞</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">三个五</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">’</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">,就是边境的小额贸易。具体说就是允许边境的老百姓一个月去香港五次,每次可以带五斤重的物资过去,包括蔬菜、鸡、蛋、鱼等等,每次可以带价值五元的物资过来。这样宝安人就有出去的机会了,不是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">非法探亲</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">’</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">了。还可以弄点香港的物资,生活好点了,人家也就不会跑了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 20pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">陶铸停下笔:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">这个想法很大胆啊。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">他在笔记本上打了一个圆圈后说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">但也很现实。从根本上解决群众偷渡问题的办法,还是要提高人民群众的生活水平。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">我放心了:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">那么,书记的意思是我们可以这样干?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记停了一下:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">你等等,我叫陆荧来一下。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">陆荧当时是省委的副秘书长,管外事</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">的。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; margin-right: 11pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">不一会儿,陆秘书长就来了,看见我,点了一下头。陶书记把情况给他说了后说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">现在宝安县要求在经济政策上给放宽,同时,给他们</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">三个五</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">’</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">的政策。你的看法怎么样?可不可以上常委会研究?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我看可以。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">陆荧看了报告说。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">有什么外事上的障碍吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">其实我来之前就同陆秘书长打过招呼,所以陆荧一直在旁摇绿旗:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我看行,如今是休养生息时期嘛,要稳定边防,给些特殊政策是必须的。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我马上跟进说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">如果省委同意,那就请以省委的名义发一个红头文件。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我想,要是把我们的要求作为省委的文件发下去,就有了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">后背山了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 19pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记考虑了一下说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">别这样,一发红头文件阻力就多了,弄不好给谁送到中央去,那又给毙了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">我感到这说法对。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">他沉思了一下:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">富林啊,这个问题蛮大呢,只能试着来呀。要么这样吧,我们一边开会研究,你们一边先搞,只做不说嘛,我们也装着不知道,好吗?要碰上问题我再出面替你撑腰。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">只做不说,好办法,陶书记开绿灯了!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">行!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">这还有啥说的,我乐了,起身出门,打算连夜赶着回县。我的那批</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">忽悠</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">我的弟兄们,还在等我的消息呢。</span></p><p style="line-height: 13pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 31pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">五、最早的</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">对外开放</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">是这样搞起来的</span></p><p style="line-height: 15.85pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.36px; margin-right: 3pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">宝安县</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">三个五</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">政策的实行,可视为后来办经济特区的</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">史前戏</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">。中国第一步的</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">对外开放</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">,也就是这样出现了!</span></p><p style="line-height: 15.2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; margin-right: 6pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">就这样,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">日,中共宝安县委向广东省委递呈了要求出口柴草的报告后,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">8</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">27</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">日,中共宝安县委又向广东省委递呈了《关于适当放宽边防管理政策,切实解决边防地区人民群众恢复和发展生产中必须解决的问题的报告》。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">报告中划出了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">开放</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">地区的范围:第一步先开放沿海一线的大鹏、葵涌、横岗、沙头角、布吉、附城、沙头、南头、蛇口、西乡、福永、沙井、松岗等十四个公社和沙河农场。后一步再开放龙岗、平湖等八个公社。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">当时的决心已很大,准备在开放了沿海之后,还要进一步</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">开放</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">整个宝安县!广东省委在研究了一个月之后,即</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">年的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">25</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">日,同意了这一要求。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">《中国共产党广东省委员会(批复)发文(</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">61</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">)(四)字第</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">111</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">号》,文中说:</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: 宋体;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 12.25pt;"> </p><p><span style="font-family: Arial;">宝安县委:</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.6pt;"> </p><p><span style="font-family: Arial;">省委原则上同意适当放宽边防地区农业渔业进出口人员的管理。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.6pt;"> </p><p><span style="font-family: Arial;">(一)开放地区,以边防线为界,以生产队为单位进行。在边防线以外的大队,不得直接进行小额</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">贸易。</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 2.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 20pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">(二)出进地点,目前可暂以罗湖、文锦渡、大铲、沙鱼涌、沙头角、沙头、蛇口七处为特定地点。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span></p><p style="line-height: 2.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 10pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">(四)社员个人携带出口的物品</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">进口的物品以自用、家用为限。严禁贩卖贩买和其他违法乱纪行为。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 13.2px; margin-right: 4pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">每月去港来往不得超过五次;每次每人带出的农副产品价值不超过</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">元,带入的物品重量不得超过五市斤或价值不得超过</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">元。</span></p><p style="line-height: 13.2pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">这就是有名的对外开放</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">三个五</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.3pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">这就是说,由于</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">60</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年代的困难环境所迫,当时的宝安县实际上已经存在了一块实行与内地不同的经济政策的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">特殊地区</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 9pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">宝安县</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">三个五</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">政策的实行,可视为后来办经济特区的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">史前戏</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">。中国第一步的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">对外开放</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">,也就是这样出现了!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">当然,对于要不要</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">放开边境</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">的问题,即使在当时的广东省委内部,也有不同看法。主要是认为不可放得太急、太宽。在省外也可能有过一些不同的意见。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">这可以从以下的一些动向得知:</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 18pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">1</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">28</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">日,宝安县委又向主管外事的副省长魏今非上呈了一个报告,解释允许</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">群众携带物品进出</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">的原因。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">魏今非副省长在回文中,特意在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">同意放宽</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">的同时,说明此政策:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">主要是对边境地区的一种照顾,这不是增加开放口岸,也不是允许小额贸易。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">这些话,是魏今非为了保护</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">放宽</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">,对付可以想象的各种非议而说的,还是他内心的想法,难以定论。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 20pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">魏今非还在回文中准确地划明了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">开放地区</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">为:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">限于与香港、九龙交界的边境线起,深</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">20</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">华里以内的地区。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">1</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">20</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">日的广东省委发出的文件指出:</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">省委认为可按魏今非同志</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">11</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">3</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">日所提的四点意见办理,省委在</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">25</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">日批示的有关规定,应即停止执行。</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.04px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">这种对</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">放宽</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">问题前后有伸缩的说法,还出现于其他宝安县委的有关文件中。可见这一段时间,对于这种有限度的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">开放</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">,党内外两种认识,两种观点的交锋从上到下都是很激烈的。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12.12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">尽管如此,</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">三个五</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">还是得以保留。获得了部分开放的群众,对于新政策都充满了感激。至今,老宝安们在回忆时,无不说那是中华人民共和国成立后,宝安县最好的时光。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">宝安老人黄景章回忆:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">政策一放宽,生活改善了,人民的积极性大提高啊。边境上,来来往往,耕作啊,买卖啊,宝安县农民个个笑呵呵合不拢嘴。不到一年,老百姓不仅吃上了米饭,喝上了糖水,还可以抽到香港的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">三个五</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">’</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">啦。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">需要指出的是,当时,宝安县就有了第一批过河来做生意的香港商人。这应该是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">1950</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">年后,最早踏入大陆的第一批境外商人。可惜现在由于无法找到确切的资料,已无从得知这批商人和企业的名字了。但可以肯定这段史实是存在的。李富林在回忆中说,初时公社干部还不敢公开接待这些港商,县委为他们壮胆,公开表态说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">公社不敢接,县委接!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">宝安县委还开出证件,让港商在县委楼里进出。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年底,宝安县的经济情况已有了较大改观,李富林在党代会上信心十足地提出:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">要在三到五年的时间里,把宝安县建设成商品粮、水产、鲜果、肥料、游览的五大基地!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">后来还真的给陶书记送了红薯吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我开玩笑地问。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">那是说笑话的。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">李富林说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">不过那时省委大院的可没少来我这拉过红薯。当然,</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">同现在不一样,就是拿了条板凳,也是要给钱的。嗨哟,那是多么叫人高兴的日子啊。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">老人沉浸在一生中最得意的时段的回忆中。</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 12.48px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.9467px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.9467px; font-family: Arial;">那家伙,地里种的红薯都吃不完啊,五分钱一斤都卖不出去。那时周围的县都困难嘛,坪山一带的老百姓,没吃的,都跑到我们县的地里,看见红薯就刨</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.9467px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.9467px; font-family: Arial;">坪山那时属于惠阳县。告状告到我这里来了,说李书记怎么办?惠阳的群众不讲理,抓不抓?我说,抓啥?让人家刨嘛,红薯这东西仓库放多了里容易坏。好家伙,我这一开口,来了千多人,乌云一样涌到我们的地里来刨红薯。我们县里的同志还笑着帮他们往袋里装红薯啦。</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.9467px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 6pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">稻谷也是大丰收。那年人均完成了差不多</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">500</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">斤。还真的拿了全省第二呀。第一是番禺,只多我们几十斤。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">1960</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">年宝安上交的稻谷的任务是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">60</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">万担,我完成了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">80.2</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">万担,除去各种开销,还留有</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">10.2</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">万担,干什么?我留在仓库里打了埋伏。这都是后来修深圳水库给农民的补贴粮呀。那时,不是过苦日子吗?海丰县饿死好多人,书记蒋瑞智去求陶书记想办法。陶书记说,你去找李富林吧,他那里有粮。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">我给了他</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">5000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">担粮食,让他自己派汽车来拖!</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我敢说,即使在国内过苦日子最苦的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年,就全县来说,我也没让宝安老百姓过太苦的日子!上面还来了记者,在《人民日报》头版发了个报道,叫</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">风景这边独好</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">。好了,宝安的名声传出去了,一次在省里开会,陶书记高兴地把我叫去,满脸堆笑地敲着报纸:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">行啊,富林,都上头版啦!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">有啥呀,没有你的支持便没宝安的今天。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记开玩笑说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">算了吧,是你开后门有成绩嘛。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我急了:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">书记,你可别这么说,你是按政策批,我是按政策干的啊,红心薯的事,我还老记着呢。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我记起承诺。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">算了,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">你那包地瓜干,老曾收到了,斯亮她们说好吃,甜死了。我还吃了几块啦!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">是我老伴烘的。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我得意地指出。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">老曾说要我谢谢你。我说,别谢他,他还从我手里拿了政策哩!哈哈哈,就这事叫你来的,去吧</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">——”“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">哈哈</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">,我们都轻松地笑了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 17.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 93pt;"><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Arial;">第四节</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span><span style="font-size: 20pt; font-family: Arial;">陶铸下令:把岗哨撤了</span></p><p style="line-height: 10pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.9pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 31pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">一、大饥荒旋风刮过神州大地</span></p><p style="line-height: 15.55pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.36px; margin-right: 10pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">我们广东减少几十万人没有什么了不起。这样做,既能够解决我们的困难</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">等我们的经济情况好转了,可以再回来嘛。这样不叫偷渡。</span></p><p style="line-height: 17.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">在特殊政策下,宝安县人民的生活改善了。但从全国、全省来看,饥荒的形势却越来越严峻。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; margin-right: 6pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">年的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">3</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">月,一份报告递到陶铸的案头。报告说,据不完全统计,揭阳、潮阳、普宁、惠来、大埔、海丰、梅县、五华</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">8</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">县,已经出现严重饥荒。已经有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">9468</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">户农民断粮,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">731</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">人出外逃荒,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">25</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">家卖小孩。甚至有一家男人因为无法养活孩子而自杀。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">可怕的饥荒已像瘟神一样传遍南粤大地</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">——</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1959</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年广东的粮食总产量只有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">177.58</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">亿斤,比</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1958</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年减产</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">15.71</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">%。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1960</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年仍然是一个</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.4px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">减产之年,农民实际比常年减少了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">61.250</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">亿斤粮食,等于他们</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">8</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">个月的口粮。不少地方,一人一天只有三四两米。肉、油基本绝迹,青菜也非常罕见。饿得走投无路的人,只好吃蕉头、蕉渣、禾秆、鸡糠饼、木瓜心、番薯藤,以维持着奄奄一息的生命。一些饥不择食的人开始吃起观音土来。</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: 宋体;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 5.9pt;"> </p><p><strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">1962</span></strong><span style="font-family: Arial;">年广东省缺粮情况的统计数据</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 宋体;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 10pt;"><img src="http://www.chinainperspective.com/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/18201808-b20.JPG" width="464" height="244" alt="" /> </p><p style="line-height: 12.24px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.24px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.24px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">某学者不相信三年困难时期,中国真的像西方学者所估算的,饿死了</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">3000</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">万人,</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">当时中国才约六亿半人口,要是饿死了三千万,每二十人就饿死一个。这似乎不可能</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">。但是,他又指出:</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">在</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">1959</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">到</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">年的三年中,严重的饥荒迫使饥民吃观音土、野菜</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">充饥、大批的人饿死,所谓的</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">大跃进</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">’</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">造成了极为严重的后果,这却是不争的事实。</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.64px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 12pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">正是在这种大饥荒、人民群众要找活路的背景下,中共部分领导人,对于历来被看成</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">叛国投敌</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">的深圳河上的偷渡逃港,有了新的认识:</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">与其让老百姓在国内饿死,不如放老百姓一条生路!</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 24pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">当时,中央有文件,为了保证社会主义的良好形象,要求各地制止外出逃荒,对于</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">盲流</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">城市的逃荒者,要坚决</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">收容、遣送</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">回去。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">广东省却不同,不是把逃荒农民当作</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">盲流</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">加以惩罚,而是鼓励走投无路的农民出外找一口饭吃。允许地方开具证明,让想逃荒的人出外逃荒。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">而对于广东的逃荒者来说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">出外</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">意味着什么呢?哪里是最理想的去处呢?无疑是衣食丰足的香港了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">与此同时,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">年中央号召各省压缩城市人口,疏散到农村去。大批厂矿、中技学校停办。据称,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">年的头</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">个月,仅东莞县</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">压缩精简</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">了的人口就有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">8773</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">人。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">无疑有不少人把香港当成了最好的去处。各种流落者集中涌向深港边境。在这背景下,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">六二大逃港</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">被拉开了一个口子。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 3pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">而此时,广东一些思想开明的领导,更在各种场合表达了对</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">逃港</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">新思维</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">。陶铸就在公开场合表示:</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">我们广东减少几十万人没有什么了不起。这样做,既能够解决我们的困难</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">等我们的经济情况好转了,可以再回来嘛。这样不叫偷渡。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; margin-right: 6pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">时任广东省政法委员会主任的寇庆延则在政法干校第七期报告中说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">为什么人民要偷渡?两个原因,一个是香港英国当局限制进口,这是根本的。(另一个是)香港</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">300</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">多万人口,其中</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">200</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">万左右是广东人,那里面很多是一家人,一半在大陆,一半在香港,叫人家长期不见面,在世界上都没有这个道理。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 3pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">有的妇人走到派出所发脾气,你不批,只好自己批,只好偷渡。中国有句老话,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">兔子急了也咬人</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">’</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">,叫做逼上梁山。人民偷渡是逼出来的,首先是帝国主义逼的,再就是我们逼的。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.8733px; font-family: Arial;">深刻、睿智,实事求是,在那个年代,地方领导能说这种话,的确是很大胆了!针对中央要求各地压缩城市人口,中共广州市委的一位领导在大会上表达这样的看</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">法:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">去香港也是压缩城市人口的出路之一嘛。压缩人口,首先是回农村,其次是上山下乡,再就是去香港。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">后来有人评论,这批中共干部能够有这样开明的认识,一方面是出于困难的情势所逼,另一方面也是出于朴素的人道主义感情</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">共产党打天下,不就是要让人民群众不饿肚子吗?</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; margin-right: 4pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">一篇文章在写李富林为什么会同情逃港群众时,说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">李富林从小家境贫苦,两个姐姐饿死,全家人逃荒到山西。因此当他当上了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">父母官</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">’</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">后,他认为天下第一要议,就是让老百姓吃好饭。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.24px;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 14.96px; font-family: Arial;">吃饭,吃饭,为了老百姓有口饭吃,各地对去港的限制,明显地放松了。</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 14.96px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 14.96px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 14.96px; font-family: Arial;">7</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 14.96px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 14.96px; font-family: Arial;">20</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 14.96px; font-family: Arial;">日,广东省公安厅在陆丰召开沿海各县公安局局长会议,</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 14.96px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 14.96px; font-family: Arial;">放宽</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 14.96px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 14.96px; font-family: Arial;">了群众</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">出港条件:</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">在毗邻港澳的惠(惠阳)、东(东莞)、宝(宝安)等</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">个县市,允许一些人从固定的几个有武装的、非正式开放的口岸出港。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">3</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月,广东省的边防工作会议上决定把</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">来往港审批权由县公安局下放到公社、大队</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; margin-right: 12pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">把去香港的审批权力下放到公社、大队,就相当于说想走的群众都可以走。哪个公社、大队干部会愿意乡亲坐在家里等死呢?</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">群众纷纷拿着由公社、大队开具的证明,像一股股黑流,涌往深港边境</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">……</span></p><p style="line-height: 15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 31pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">二、中英士兵持枪对峙</span></p><p style="line-height: 16.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.12px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">听说</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">62</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">年那次的大外逃,比</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">57</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">年那次还厉害?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">我牵起话头。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">是的,厉害多了,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">李富林说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">内部材料的统计是总人数不下十万吧,当然主要还</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">不是宝安的,还有东莞、惠阳、广州</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">甚至外省的,一股脑儿都涌到宝安县来了。弄得我们宝安县怎么也撑不住,乱了。最后宝安县的人也跟着逃!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">汇报材料</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">上说,各地像潮水一样涌来的群众,把深圳镇的街道,挤得水泄不通。镇上所有的店铺都只好关门,莲塘村附近的边界铁丝网都被推倒</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">……</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“62</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">大逃港的最高潮是在哪一段?你还记得吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">应该在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月初。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">老人的记性很好,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">好像是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">号开始大放宽吧,没一个月就收紧</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 6pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">李富林的话印证了笔者查阅的材料。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">日开始放宽,而全面大堵截是从</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">22</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">日开始的。真正</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">放宽</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">只有半个多月。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">你还记得引发那次大外逃的直接原因吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">这是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">六二</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">大逃港的关键。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">直接原因?很难说有什么直接的原因吧。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">他思索了一下说。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">你还记得那次陶铸去沙头角的事吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">沙头角</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">……”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">老人似乎在回忆着,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">你是问</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">62</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年对吧,哦,是有一次,他去过沙头</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">角,是为解决与香港的纠纷去的。但很难说就是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">六二</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">’</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">大逃港的直接原因吧?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">对,就是那次。你给我说说那件事好吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我紧张地追问,担心老人有什么顾虑。</span></p><p style="line-height: 6.1pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 194pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">沙头角事件</span></p><p style="line-height: 9.55pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.88px; margin-right: 9pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">这时,我们的士兵也都上去了。界碑两边,都上了刺刀呀,都是荷枪实弹。你想,有多危险呀,就是面对面,只相隔几米远。英国兵和我们的士兵,眼瞪着眼,只要谁不小心走了火,那就糟了,就打起来了。</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 13.2px; font-family: 宋体;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 16.25pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">有关</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">六二</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">大外逃的直接原因,有几种不同的说法。但李富林是当时的县委书记,他的看法是比较接近历史真实的。</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 11.76px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">他看了看我,深深地喝了一口茶:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">好吧,我说,你记</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">——”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">沙头角那地方,一直多事。一条街分成了两半,中间有一块光绪年立的界碑。街北边</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.4px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">是我们管辖的,街南边是英方管辖的。你知道,两边相隔那么近,小孩子滚个铁环,也常常从中国滚到了那边去了。偷渡当然就更容易了。所以外交啊、边防啊常常出事。我们一直为这个事情头疼。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">那阵不是过</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">苦日子</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">吗?我们这边物资供应紧张。英国兵明明知道,可巡逻的时候还故意嚼着口香糖,抱着饼干桶,在界碑边抢啊,笑啊,做给我们看。引得我们这边的一些小孩子馋着嘴跟着。父母拉都拉不回。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">妈的!黄毛佬,这不是欺负人吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">沙头角的书记曾福每次向我汇报这事都忿忿不平,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">是不是搞他一家伙啊,李书记?免得他们那么嚣张。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">我每次都劝他忍着点,避免出事。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">后来,曾福又给我打电话了:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">李书记,黄毛佬不是人,越搞越猖狂了!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">我问他什么事。他说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">他妈的,敢过界碑这边来给小孩派糖了!抓不抓?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我也感到英国人实在太猖狂,但想想,这涉外的事情,乱搞不得的,就叮嘱:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">别乱动,我过去看看再说。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 13pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">那时宝安县委的配备是很好的,我都坐美国</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">别克</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">车,内地的县级干部一般是没有的。当然,这同当时我们的外事活动多有关。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">等我赶到沙头角,英国巡警已经走了。小孩的家长把糖果拿出来,伸给我看:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">你看这</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">李书记,还有英文呢。我崽没吃啊。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">当时,沙头角的群众情绪很激愤,尤其是孩子父母们,感到自己的儿女受外国人嘲弄了,很丢脸。孩子的叔叔拿了枪杆子来见我,蹬着脚嚷:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">吊他妈,老子一枪崩噻亏(他)!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">说实在的,我心里也很气愤。咱中国人受了外国人一百多年的气了,如今我们生活困难,他们还在奚落我们!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">那时候,英国人搞出的那个</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">对等</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">原则,老百姓也都知道的。不让他们过去,早就窝着一肚子气,这一来,火气就更大了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">李书记,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">曾福领着一群人过来,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">你发命令吧,再来派糖,我就开火了!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">你疯啦!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">我瞪了曾福一眼,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">不能开火!打死人怎么办?外交纠纷啊,脱得了壳?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">不过,在临上车的时候,我还是丢给了他一句话:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">惩罚惩罚那几个家伙还可以。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">一天以后,曾福给我打电话来了,很兴奋:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">李书记,他妈的,惩罚了!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">电话那头传</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">过来</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">哈哈哈</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">的笑声。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">原来,几个英国巡警故伎重演,又到界碑边来给小孩发糖果了。曾福他们早已经找好了几个小孩,埋伏在街对面店铺楼上,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">啪、啪、啪</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">数弹齐发,果然打中了一个巡警的眼睛。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">李书记,哈哈哈,那两个小鬼,真准啊</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">——”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">曾福在电话中高兴得很。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">我也想,反正是小孩干的,他英国政府找谁去。要问起来,就说小孩调皮。心里也暗自高兴。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">出了气就行了啊,不要老没完啦。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">我又叮嘱他们。但是,事情还真没完。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">那几个吃了英国糖的小孩,在学校里让同学们说笑,说吃了英国糖就会生</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">英国仔</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">,抬不起头。家长也窝着气,说一定要亲手揍那几个英国佬一顿才甘心。群众议论纷纷,情绪很不稳定。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">不出两天,我又接到曾福的电话:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">李书记,打了,解恨呀</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">——”</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">怎么回事?打人家了?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">我赶紧问。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.48px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.9467px; font-family: Arial;">原来,那两个散糖的英国佬又出来了。这边的人早钓着他们的线呢,等他们一到界碑边,那小孩习过武的叔叔,冲过去就是两拳头。两个英国兵</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.9467px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.9467px; font-family: Arial;">哇哇</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.9467px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.9467px; font-family: Arial;">叫着,逃进了对面的商</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">店里藏了起来。</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">不过,现在有点不对了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">——”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">曾福说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">来了好多鬼佬,像是要打架,李书记,你来不来呀?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我感到事情有点复杂:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">还能不来吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">便在电话中骂人:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">叫你适可而止,你偏要闯祸!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">我急忙叫司机:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">快,沙头角</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">——”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">到沙头角一看,情况果然不妙,两个被揍的英国兵叫来了二十几个英国兵,吉普车也</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">开来了,端着枪,在界碑边</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">哇哇</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">乱喊乱叫,把枪对着天,好像要开枪。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">当时县委副书记曹若茗也一起去了,他是管外事的,懂英语,我问他:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">他们叫些什么?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">曹若茗说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">抗议!要我们交出打人的人来。否则就要冲过来!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">我冲对面说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">来呀!冲呀!我看你们有胆!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">这时,我们的士兵也都上去了。界碑两边,都上了刺刀呀,都是荷枪实弹。你想,有</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">多危险呀,就是面对面,只相隔几米远。英国兵和我们的士兵,眼瞪着眼,只要谁不小心走了火,那就糟了,就打起来了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">事情真到了一触即发的地步了!</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.04px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">我一面给陶书记打电话,汇报情况,一面叫曹若茗赶着往北京周总理办公室打电话请示</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">什么?你问宝安县怎么能往总理办公室打电话?这你可不知道了。那时有个规定,有关外事情况,宝安是可以直接同最高层联系的。所以,别人说宝安县早就是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">通天</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">了的。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">传来的指示是:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">保持冷静,千万不要发生冲突。正在进行外事调解。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">当时我们这边有一个班的士兵,都荷枪实弹,便叮嘱他们不要随便动,等指示。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">大概到了夜里</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">11</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">点多钟,界碑那一边的鬼佬,像突然接到命令似的,全撤走了。有老百姓就跳到街上去喊:</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.76px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">胜利了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">——” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">毛主席万岁!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">打倒英帝国主义!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">看来是上面的外事部门,通过香港甚至是伦敦做工作了。我于是下令:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">撤</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">——”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">我们一个班的战士也撤下来了。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">事情过去了,我松了一口气。看看表,已经是第二天的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">4</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">点多了,这才开了车回深圳</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">去。</span></p><p style="line-height: 15.8pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 31pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">三、大军区政委亲令撤岗哨</span></p><p style="line-height: 16.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 13.2px; margin-right: 5pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">陶铸似乎很生气,把茶杯一放,站了起来:</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">说得对!英国人有什么了不起!一个弹丸之地,放十万人过去他就吃不消!老李,去打电话,通知边防来人,把岗哨撤了!</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 14.7pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">事情根本没有完,沙头角的事传到省委后,大约是第三天吧,也许是第二天,有人通知李富林说陶书记来了。陶书记去沙头角看了,很生气,已经在铁路外宾室等你了,让你赶快去。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2.05pt;"> </p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">我一进去就看见陶书记脸色阴沉沉的。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">富林,你来了,好,你说说,事件到底是谁的责任啊?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">当然是他们!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">怎么要打人家呢?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">书记,你不知道,那家伙本来就尽做坏事,群众不惩罚一下,他们更嚣张。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">李富林就把事情的原委从头到尾说了一遍。</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 11.76px; margin-right: 10pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">陶铸没作声了,呆了一会,问:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">你们对事情有什么看法?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">他又转过头去,扫了一圈,问同去的县委的人。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.76px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">英国佬太欺负人了!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">有人愤愤不平。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">老百姓都在说,新中国抬头做人了,怎么还在受英国鬼子的气?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">我们每年反偷渡,替他们保平安日子。现在好了,他们把日子过安稳了,反倒拿咱</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">们开心,放他几万人过去,看他香港吃得消?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p align="center" style="line-height: 11.04px; margin-right: 4pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">陶铸似乎很生气,把茶杯一放,站了起来:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">说得对!英国人有什么了不起!一个弹丸之地,放十万人过去他就吃不消!老李,去打电话,通知边防来人,把岗哨撤了!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">什么?撤岗哨?李富林有点不相信自己的耳朵,吓了一跳,所以迟迟没有动作。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记一看我还在犹豫,便大声说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">听见吗?叫你去你就去呀,把团长、政委都叫来!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">’</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">当时在深港边防的有三个团:边防</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">3</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">团、布吉野战军</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">42</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">军</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">团、黄贝岭</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">42</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">军还有一个</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">团。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">我还是不敢动,这个事情太大了,这个电话不好打的,就说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记,你是大军区政委,还是得你打才行吧。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">’</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">陶铸说:</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">你不是这的边防委员会主任吗</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">算了,我来!</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">’</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">说着,拿起了电话。</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">不一会,几个团长政委都急匆匆赶来了。包括</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">团的李庭格、</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">3</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">团的鲁山江、还有一</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">个政委姓宋。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12.24px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">陶铸看人来了,就说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">英国人欺人太甚,不给他们点颜色看看不行,你们回去,明天就把岗哨撤了!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">’</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 10pt;"> <img src="http://www.chinainperspective.com/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/18201808-b21.JPG" width="489" height="389" style="font-size: 13.3333px;" alt="" /></p><p style="line-height: 10pt;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">当时大家都傻眼了,但这是大军区政委亲自下的命令,谁敢不执行?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 1.3pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><br /></p><p style="line-height: 11.16px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">会议是下午开的,到第二天,深港边境耕作口的岗哨果然都撤掉了。老百姓到耕作口一看,呀,撤了,马上喊起来了:</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">放人啦</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">——” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">可以走啦</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">——”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 13.8px; font-family: Arial;">这种消息,没有腿,可比长了腿跑得还快。一传十、十传百,很快,省内省外都传遍</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 12pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">几天之后,人流涌来了,广州的、韶关的、梅县的、挑担的、扶老携幼的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">村庄里、马路上、到处是人。都沿着铁路线走,因为沿铁路不会走错。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><br /></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">关于当时的情形有人写文章做了详细描述:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">广东的领导人没有想到,事态会发展到那么严重的程度。各地的群众纷纷向深圳涌</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 6pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">去,冲过边界,逃入香港。第一批逃过去的人确实留下来了,这样又带动了第二批。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">月上旬,逃往香港的人,愈来愈多,突然之间,形成一股惊人的大潮</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">……”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.88px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">邻近香港的中共宝安县委,</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">1</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">日向省委紧急报告:现在出现大逃亡风潮,不仅农村党员、团员,而且城镇机关的党团员也大量外逃。这次外逃发展非常迅速,来势甚凶。因而,从农村到城市群众思想都很混乱,农民无心生产,城镇有的工厂停工。截至</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">31</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">日,宝安县全县外逃总人数,达</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">1.1547</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">万人,东莞县</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">7</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">日统计,外逃人数达</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">2.7197</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">万人;增城</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">2458</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">人。其他县份,如台山、高鹤、三水等,都有大量人口外逃。</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.18px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.04px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">另据《广东省志</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">·</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">公安志》记载,外逃风潮从惠阳、宝安、东莞、海丰四县蔓延到广州、江门、潮汕、肇庆等地的部分县、市,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">4</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">月底到</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">月中旬,每天都有数百人从边境偷渡去香港。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">月中旬以后,每天外逃人员增至千人。最高峰的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">15</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">日达</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">4977</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">人。每天集结在宝安、深圳一带伺机进入香港的都有四五千人,最多一天有</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">8000</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">多人。广州火车站还发生了大批外逃群众冲击火车站事件。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><br /></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.04px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">你认为,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">62</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">年的逃港潮就是这样起来的吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">” 30</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">多年后,回忆起这段历史,李富林内心仍难以平静。他考虑了很久。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">当然有关系,但我想,沙头角事件还仅仅是个表面现象。其实并不那样简单。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">李富林不愧是个有长期工作经验的基层干部,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">我也在想,陶书记打过那么多年的仗,是个精明透了的人。他怎么会一时冲动就开口,说放十万人过香港去呢?事这么大。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 19pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">你是说,放人过去,可能早研究过了,不仅仅因为沙头角事件,是另有考虑,对吗?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我不敢肯定,只是这样想</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">——” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">你认为背后的原因是什么?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">那时正好是三年困难时期,老百姓没吃的,粤北饿死了好多人,与其让老百姓在国内等着饿死,不如放一部分老百姓出去。可能出于这种考虑,也就是出于人道而放人吧。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">李富林说的真是陶铸或更高领导人当时的想法?</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">表面</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">出气</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">,实为</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">放人</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">,这是不是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">沙头角事件</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">后,睿智的陶铸真实的意图?</span></p><p style="line-height: 6.35pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 155pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">六二</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">逃港潮中的深圳</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: 宋体;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 8.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.12px; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">一、二、三</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">随着上千人有组织的呐喊,</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">轰</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">——”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">地一声,几十米长的一段铁丝网被推倒在地上。边境线上就像缺了口的河堤。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">冲啊</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">——”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">随着惊天动地的喊声,滚滚人流涌过了边界</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 11.4px; margin-right: 6pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">月前后数以十万计的群众在短时间内涌入宝安县深圳河边,小小的深圳镇不堪重负,顿时陷入一片恐慌和骚乱中。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">这么多的群众,要吃要拉</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">开始,政府还一天发两次稀饭,后来人越来越多,不敢再发。一发就乱,就抢。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">为了安全,镇上的商店大都关门了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">一些难以忍受饥饿的外来人群,如同洪水淹过了深圳镇周围的莲塘、长岭、沙头角、皇岗、沙头、水围等村庄,把一些地里的青菜全拔光吃了。好生生的稻田在万人脚下被踩成平地。逃港的群众甚至威胁敢于干预的民兵说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">你还敢干涉我?老子缴你的枪,把你的村子踩平!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">人们洪流般冲进村里,有人敲门要吃的,不给就打人。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10pt;"> <img src="http://www.chinainperspective.com/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/18201808-b22.JPG" width="512" height="412" alt="" /></p><p style="line-height: 10.2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.12px; margin-right: 20pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">谣言更是满天飞</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">——“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">太平有个高级军官带一批士兵逃跑了!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">”——“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">彭德怀视察福建,被接到台湾去了!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">”——“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">惠阳县委书记跑了!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">”……</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">宝安县公安局派出便衣深入群众中了解情况,部分意见被记在报告中:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">回去是死,不回去也是死,倒不如死在这里(深圳戏院)算了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">生产队的耕牛都杀了,现在就是想回去也无耕牛了,怎么活?不如再去拼命(指冲</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">边界)。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">丙个(谁)拦我,我就同丙个(谁)去死了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">——”</span></p><div> </div><div> </div></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 12.12px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">报告还称:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">大量的群众麇集在深圳镇边的梧桐山</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">他们有组织、有指挥,当总指挥的是一名大学生</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">黄昏以后是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">冲边界</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">’</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">的好时候,逃港群众相约等到昏暗的时候一同冲下山去。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">” “</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">大多数是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">17</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">至</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">40</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">岁的青壮年,有男有女。他们每人均持有一条</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">4</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">尺多长的木棒。他们</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 11pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">的总指挥说,在冲到边界时,不论谁阻挠我们都不得退步,要用棍与他们搏斗继续冲过去,甚至开枪也不要后退,谁后退就要用棍打谁。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 6pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">在沙头角,边境桥头连续两个晚上发生逃港分子以手拉手、肩并肩的示威之态,强迫民警开闸。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><div> ……</div><div><img src="http://www.chinainperspective.com/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/18201808-b23.JPG" width="477" height="167" alt="" /> </div><div><img src="http://www.chinainperspective.com/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/18201808-b24.JPG" width="291" height="554" alt="" /> </div></div><div><p style="line-height: 12.25pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">大逃港的严峻形势上报到了省里,当时的省委书记赵紫阳带着省公安厅及李富林等宝安县委的人,迅速赶赴深港边境处理。他们躲在边境的山头上观看动静。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">深圳莲塘、罗芳村一带,大概集中了两三千外逃群众,当他们冲过边防线,靠近边境线时,铁丝网拦住了他们。有人就喊:</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">倒掉它</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">——”</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">,于是山摇地动的一片高呼声:</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.4867px; font-family: Arial;">倒</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">掉它</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">——”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-right: 3pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">一、二、三</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">随着上千人有组织的呐喊,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">轰</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">——”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">地一声,几十米长的一段铁丝网被推倒在地上。边境线上就像缺了口的河堤。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">冲啊</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">——”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">随着惊天动地的喊声,滚滚人流涌过了边界</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">……</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 2.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">赵紫阳把望远镜放下,摇摇头说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">简直就是淮海战役了!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">一脸的无奈。形势已经失去了控制,就是想堵,一时也堵不住了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 14.95pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 31pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">四、</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">钦差</span><strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span></strong><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">密访香港</span></p><p style="line-height: 17.65pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 10pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">全部是谎言。在香港做乞丐都比我们这边好得多,只要你干活,就能有饭吃。我接触到很多偷渡过去的人,哭,却没一个说后悔的。</span></p><p style="line-height: 17.7pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">这时,一位中央党报的记者,秘密来到了深圳河边上。他叫连云山,《人民日报》军事组组长。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">那时深圳发生了大逃港事件,当时的说法是美蒋特务策划的偷渡行为。我也这样认为。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">他回忆说。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">当时官方发有一份文件,叫《人间地狱</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">香港》,对香港是这样描述的:一、香港是世界上最荒淫的城市;二、香港黑社会横行;三、香港是最大的制毒贩毒基地;</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.45pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">四、香港自杀者是世界上有数的;</span></p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">……</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">连云山想,既然这样,为什么成千上万的群众还甘愿抛家别舍往地狱里跑呢?他决定要过境到香港那边看看。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">在广东省公安厅派人陪同下,连云山来到了宝安县。那时,全县正在一片逃亡风的恐慌中。中央记者到边境来,这就如同</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">钦差</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">下来了。县委对他特别的客气。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">县委书记李富林心情很沉重,情绪很低落。他让农村工作部的一个同志陪我前往边境。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">公安部门为我办了一个过境耕作证,化名叫李进山。一位会当地语言的公安科长(后来了解此人是公安局侦察科长周水君),陪着我随着逃港的群众,从大鹏湾的一个耕作口过境。到了九龙。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">我看到逃难的深圳边民在山脚下用塑料布搭成一个个窝棚,到处都是,跟他们聊,他们就哭,说我们也是党员、贫下中农啊,说对不起党,对不起祖国。给社会主义丢了人!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><div> </div><div><img src="http://www.chinainperspective.com/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/18201808-b26.JPG" width="169" height="194" alt="" /> </div></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 10pt;"><img src="http://www.chinainperspective.com/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/18201808-b25.JPG" width="489" height="209" alt="" /><span style="font-family: 宋体;"> </span> </p><p style="line-height: 10.2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">香港是不是人间地狱呢?当自己用眼睛看过了以后,连云山惊异了。他说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">全部是谎言。在香港做乞丐都比我们这边好得多,只要你干活,就能有饭吃。我接触到很多偷渡过去的人,哭,却没一个说后悔的。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">于是连云山第一次弄明白了,香港人民不是国内所宣传的是在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">水深火热之中</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">,而是生活水平比大陆人民高出了许多倍。大陆的老百姓连饭都吃不饱,香港的人民都早已用上了电视机、洗衣机</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">……</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">活生生的事实教育了连云山。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">回到县委招待所,有一个多星期,我闭门不出。陷入了深深的苦恼中。边民的逃港根本就不是美蒋特务的挑动,地富反坏策划内应的结果,是别人的生活比我们好群众才跑的,可是我们还在欺骗,说资本主义是人间地狱。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">群众逃港表面上是自然灾害、集体吃食堂等造成。而实际上是一个政策问题。只有从我们宏观政策上的严重失误找原因,才能解释。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">在连云山离开宝安前夕,李富林把他请到县委小食堂吃饭,一个劲检讨自己,说是工作有错误,才造成群众大逃港。大家的眼睛却老瞪着连云山,像是话中有话。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 3pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">连云山揣度李富林等一班人,是担心自己这个</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">钦差</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">回京后</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">告状</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">,把大逃港说成是宝安县的责任,便说:</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">这能怪你吗,你作为县委书记,你不知道吗?香港那生活水平你能比吗?那也叫水深火热?谁是水深火热?你这里饭都没得吃,你不叫水深火热?真是瞎说八道。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">李富林说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">老连呀,这话别人说可以,我就不能说呀。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">意思是,连云山可以说,他回北京了,可以把这个真实情况向上反映。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 15pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">把我逼得没办法了,我就说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">我知道你们的意思,是想知道我回去说什么,对不对?我只说几个字好不好?说你宝安县负不了这个责任。是政策问题,行不行?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">’”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 3pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">当时李富林感动得就差没哭出来了,眼睛都湿润了。他说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">老连啊,我感谢你,感谢你能理解。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">’</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">离席时,我说咱们今天就说到这。这么大件事,到北京,我能说不能说,还都是个问题啦。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">连云山决定把自己看到和认识到的向中央报告。希望中共中央从大逃亡中吸取教训,反思历史,调整政策。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.36px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.7933px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.7933px; font-family: Arial;">我先后写了四篇内参,给了当时的《人民日报》常务副总编。写了大概四个内容:一个是香港的情况;第二个是大逃港的深层次原因,责任不在宝安县,也不在广东省委,是我们政策上的问题;第三个讲了重新认识香港的问题;第四个讲了解决的具体措施,比如取消粮票,实行自由贸易制度,从樟木头到宝安这个地方,建立一条政策优惠区。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 11pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">他看过后,把我找到他的办公室谈话。他说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我都不知道情况有这么严重。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">’</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我担心他会给我扣帽子,幸好没有。说他也得想想。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">过了几天,他又找我,说恐怕不能发表,建议我去新华社找找人。看能否通过新华</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">社送上去。要送给中央的最高一级领导。</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 11.76px; margin-right: 19pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">我找到了新华社内参组组长夏公然,我们的私交关系不错。在朝鲜战场上一起呆过。我就约他到宣武门一家烤肉馆吃烤肉,那里人不多、说话安全。他看后吓了一跳:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">哎呀,你是个货真价实的反革命呀,我给你送了,连我也是反革命了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">’</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">送不送?怎么送?他拿着考虑了好几天。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">连云山也不能不为事情的后果担心:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">顶多把我关一次反革命。反正地富反坏的帽子</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">我戴不上,我就是个农民出身,我家连个保长、甲长都没有,拿我也没办法。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">但是,送给谁呢?连云山回忆说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">夏公然说,就送一个人,送邓小平吧。他说邓小平不整人,不说今天打倒这个,明天打倒那个。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">夏公然在他的遗著中也回忆了此事:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">是用手抄件送上去的。当时可能只送了小平同志一人,通过他反映到总理处。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">报告送上去后,情况怎么样呢?连云山和夏公然都很着急。等了半年多,没什么反应</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">……</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">但是,实际上,一些</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">改变</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">在暗中演化着。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">夏公然在他的遗著中回忆,内参送上去以后,国内情况发生了变化:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">从这以后,相关政策悄悄开始松动,记得当时总理对大陆出逃的难民有一个放宽不</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">究的指示。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 13pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">如果夏公然所述属实,周恩来的这个指示,就不仅</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">放</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">了李富林等一批在宝安县的闹</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">开放</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">的县级干部们</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">一马</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">,也</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">放</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">了陶铸、寇庆延等一批支持</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">开放</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">的广东省的领导</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">一马</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">松动还表现在更多的方面。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">最能看出政策变化的,是大陆通过香港买粮食一事。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">夏公然的遗著指出买粮食是一件对中国的老百姓很要紧的事。这对中国后来渡过大饥荒起过很大作用的事。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">在此之前,中国是基本上不向外国进口粮食的,提倡</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">饿死不吃美国粮</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">。国内老百姓没吃的,又要面子不进口粮食。大批饿死人是必然的。自从政策允许从香港进口粮食后,外国粮进入国内,饥荒才得到一定程度的缓解。许多嗷嗷待绝的饥民才得以活下来。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">可是在表面上看,似乎什么也没有发生</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">……”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">只有南方的逃港风,在愈演愈烈。</span></p><p style="line-height: 15.95pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 31pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">五、广州火车站告急</span></p><p style="line-height: 17.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 10pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">与此相同,在深圳河边上,守卫深港边防的部队增加到一万多人。那场席卷天地,数以十万人计的大外逃,硬是被上万名荷枪实弹的解放军给堵截了回去</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.88px; margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">而给予宝安县的</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">三个五</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">政策,也在不久后叫停。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">当然,最初的试验性</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">开放</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”——</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">给予深港边境范围内的</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">放宽</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">和</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">搞活经济</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">政策,也就同时刹车了!</span></p><p style="line-height: 16pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 36pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">就在深圳河边上发生群众大逃港事件后,广州发生了大批群众冲击火车站事件</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">——“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">我们也要去香港!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-right: 6pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">月,宝安县放宽边防地区群众出境的政策传到广东省内外,码上加码,口风就变了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.12px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">年年初,一个</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">谣言</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">悄悄在各地饥饿的老百姓中传开:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">女皇诞辰,香港大开边境</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">内地居民只要愿意去,不抓人,全部都安排工作</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.88px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">——</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">饥饿的广东疯了,所有听到这个消息的地方都疯了!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.96px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.28px; font-family: Arial;">一时间,广州整条白云路被成千上万的人群堵塞,形成了震惊全国的广州火车站</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.28px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.28px; font-family: Arial;">六六大逃港事件</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.28px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.28px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 12.24px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">有关</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">年广州车站的大骚乱,由于当时禁止报道,所以能得到的资料是很有限。后来偶然在收容所的档案柜中发现了一本在边境被抓捕的偷渡者的日记,其中有几页记录了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">月以后广州车站大骚乱的情况:</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.3pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">17</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">日</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.5pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 10pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">晴。</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">排队买火车票的人骤然增多起来,都是往南去的。而且买的票多数是到平瑚的(买到靠近深圳的平瑚站不用边防证)。明眼人一看就都知道是想跑香港的。上面都没说不可以,下面怎么不跑啊。售票员也不问。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.65pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">单位昨天也开了会,叫大家注意可能有意外情况发生。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span></p><p style="line-height: 2pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">22</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">日</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; margin-right: 9pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">晴。</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">天气越来越热,排队要去香港的人也越来越多。从窗户望去,火车站坪里的长队排到了汽车站那头了。什么人都有。广东各县的,还有外省来的,衣衫褴褛,好像是叫花子那样的</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">满街上都是拖儿带女的外乡人,见了你就伸手要吃的。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.65pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">听说海珠桥那边还发生抢吃的,公安都去了。情况很混乱。老妈叫我和华仔不要出去。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span></p><p style="line-height: 2pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.88px; margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">30</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">日</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">晴。</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">火车站上人山人海,到处是人。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.35pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">日</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 10pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">情况还在变化,今天,整条白云路被成千上万的人群堵塞了。火车站坪里,恐怕有一两万人。有些地方,买票的群众出现起哄。车站召开了紧急会议。这样恐怕会出事呀。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span></p><p style="line-height: 2pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 20pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">4</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">日</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 9pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">今天果然出事了。成千上万的旅客,因为买不到去深圳的票,就冲进车站去,自己爬上开往香港的火车。听说有爬墙的,有砸破了车窗玻璃往车上爬的,有狂呼乱叫,强行要上车的。运输秩序完全乱套了。车也发不出去。现在还停在车站上。结果,开往北京、上海</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">哪里的车都开不了。大堵塞。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 10pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">戴红袖章的民兵也出动了,一排排来了好多。车站坪里也乱了套。我们楼下的小店都吓得关门了。连车站旁边的树上都爬着人。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.85pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.24px; margin-right: 10pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">我们上班也上不安了。谁还有心上班?都是议论去香港的事。有些人也打算跑。听说车站已经向省委紧急报告,要求派解放军、公安维持秩序。我看可能会抓人</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">……</span></p><p style="line-height: 14.6pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">日记到这里就突然没有了。可能后来作者本人也行动了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.8733px; font-family: Arial;">对于广州火车站出现的骚乱,几乎所有的目光都望着广东省委,看省委如何动作。京广大动脉堵塞、各地告急的电话电报、雪片似地飞来。中央严辞追问</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.8733px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 14.8733px; font-family: Arial;">而实际上,此时的广东省委,对应该采取什么样的措施,一时也举棋不定。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">日,省长陈郁家中气氛沉闷,屋子里坐满了广东省的领导,包括陈郁、赵紫阳、林李明、曾生以及广州市委代理第一书记赵武成、副市长兼公安局局长李广祥等人。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 19pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">陈郁首先打僵局,说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">铁路派出所来电话说,已经聚集了两万多人了。场面很混乱,警车都给放火烧了。孙乐宜的处境很危险。我担心他出事。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">陈郁说的孙乐宜是当时广州市的副市长。由他直接指挥处理火车站事件。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">孙乐宜带着一队民警,开着广播车,放着高音喇叭,企图驱散坪里的群众。结果被群众团团围住。双方相持之下难免冲冲撞撞。聚集的群众乘机起哄说民警打人。上百人一声吼,把广播车也掀翻了。有人拿来了汽油,划亮火柴,汽车霎那间燃起滚滚大火。几十个民警赶来制止,反倒被群众抓走了三个。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">群众</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">对几个民警进行了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">审问</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">。被告知:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">不准你们干涉老百姓的行动</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">,这才放</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12.24px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">现场发现了一些可疑的人。一些不明身份的人在现场拍照、录音</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">……</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">这是有人策划的。背后有人。逃难的群众不会组织得那么好。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">陈郁说。</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: 宋体;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 12.12px; margin-right: 31pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">没错。很清楚嘛,这是一起有组织、有策划的行动。可能有港台情报组织插手了,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">林李明说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">目的就是要搞乱我们嘛。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">问题是现在怎么办?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">赵紫阳说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">老孙围在里头出不来了。要是群众动手打人就更糟。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">这时,社会上已有人给政府提意见,说政府太软,烧警车,打公安人员,这已经是敌我矛盾了,要求赶快派军队</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">戒严。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">大家都有些犹豫。这在中华人民共和国成立后,还是从来也没有过的事情。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">是不是要分清一下是什么矛盾,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">赵紫阳说,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">港台特务插手毕竟还不是矛盾的根</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 36pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">本,矛盾的根本还是老百姓没饭吃,要跑香港。还是要以劝说为主吧,免得事情扩大。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">大家定不下主意。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">正在这个时候,电话响了。</span></p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">陈郁放下电话:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">好了,陶书记从广西赶回来了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">刚下火车的陶铸听了情况,一锤定音:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">现在还什么内部矛盾?一般理解是敌我矛盾了。车都烧了,还人民内部?</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">会议决定,立即调动部队,实行戒严。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">日,满载全副武装的解放军的汽车,一辆辆开进了广州市,把车站包围起</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">来。首先封住了车站两头,许出不许进。然后开始清场。往外驱赶群众。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">广州火车站事件中,进驻车站的解放军几乎没有受到任何阻拦。当一队队荷枪实弹的士兵列队进入时,衣衫褴褛的百姓,惊惶惶四散奔逃,如鸟兽散。几十个闹事的人被拘留。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">1600</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">多叫花子一样的逃荒群众进了收容所后遣送回原籍。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">如同一地的落叶被秋风扫去,仅隔一天,即</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">年的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">日,广州火车站的车坪里,已是冷寂寂空无一人。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">据有关资料显示,对于</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">去香港</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">的问题,北京严令广东收缩:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">迅速处理群众外逃问题。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">国务院指示,要求广东省委把解决外逃作为当前第一位的工作来抓。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">与此同时,在深圳河边上守卫深港边防的部队增加到一万多人。那场席卷天地,数以十万人计的大外逃,硬是被上万名荷枪实弹的解放军给堵了回去</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">而给予宝安县的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">三个五</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">政策,也在不久后叫停。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 8pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">可惜啊,一卡就死,一放就乱!最初的试验性</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">开放</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”——</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">给予深港边境范围内的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">放宽</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">和</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">搞活经济</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">政策,刹车了!</span></p><p style="line-height: 13.9pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 31pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial; color: green;">六、总理致电:赶快收</span></p><p style="line-height: 16.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 13.2px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">深圳河边的</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">放宽</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">政策起于</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">年的</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">月,</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">紧缩</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">于</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">月(实际上从</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">22</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">日已开始),正好在这个波谷的</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">转折</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">时期,无疑同这个国内政治的大背景是分不开的。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12.6pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.88px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">这场初启的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">铁幕开放</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">,中共高层为什么要突然刹车,从而推迟了中国对外开放的进程。这也许会成为将来史家们研究的课题。除了外逃之风蔓延得太快太猛烈,超出了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">容忍度</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">的原因之外,可能还同当时国内外形势的变化有着关联。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">有文章说:</span></p><p style="line-height: 12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">几乎同时,即</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">年春夏,新疆伊犁哈萨克自治州直属县市和所属塔城地区,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">万多中国边民拖儿带女,成群结队,并携带大量牲畜农具和车辆,逃往苏联。国际舆论一时哗然。中央政府大为紧张,不得不扭转广东放纵外逃的做法。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.8px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">此外,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">年的上半年和下半年,中共高层对于形势的认识有着一个</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">波浪型起伏</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.4px; font-family: Arial;">。上半年,中共高层总结了人民公社、大跃进带来的负面影响,比较强调在政策上</span></p><p><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">后退</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">放松</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">。一月份还召开了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">七千人大会</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">,检讨工作中的错误。在中央书记处会议</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">上,邓小平等人更是主张</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">包产到户</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 1.4pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年的上半年,党内比较一致的声调是:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">退</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">,放松。新上任的中央财经组长陈云甚至主张,为了让老百姓吃上饭,啥办法都可以使,哪怕</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">非常措施</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">以后</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">弃之不用。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">他用一句形象的话说:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">现在是国际歌唱的,全靠我们自己。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">两个月后,陶铸在宝安县放开了边境。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">紧接着,下半年形势就因为毛泽东的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">认识改变</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">而发生了变化。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">8</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">26</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">日召开的八届十中全会预备会议时,风向一改之前</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">缓和</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">的调子,提出要批彭德怀、习仲勋等人的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">翻案风</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">24</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">日毛泽东更旗帜鲜明地提出了狠抓</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">阶级斗争</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">的问题。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">这时,中央常委的同志都已经清楚了毛泽东对包产到户和分田到户的明确态</span></p><p style="line-height: 9.6px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12.8px; font-family: Arial;">度。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12.8px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 16.5333px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span></sup></u><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page146"><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; line-height: 8px; font-family: Arial;">23</span></a><u><sup><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 16.5333px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></sup></u><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12.8px; font-family: Arial;">统一了认识,即立即转入</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12.8px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12.8px; font-family: Arial;">紧缩</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12.8px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12.8px; font-family: Arial;">。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 9pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">深圳河边的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">放宽</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">政策起于</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">紧缩</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">于</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月(实际上从</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">22</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">日已开始),正好在这个波谷的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">转折</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">时期,无疑同这个国内政治的大背景是分不开的。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px;"><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">直接在深圳河边工作的共产党干部,是怎样认识这个问题的呢?李富林回忆说:</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 11.5pt; line-height: 15.0267px; font-family: Arial;">究竟中央为什么要收,上面的事情,我们说不清楚。就是听说要堵截,不能放人</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.44px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">了。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">”“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">这事是赵紫阳亲自来布置的。从放到收,也就是很短的时间吧。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">李富林饮了一口茶,继续说。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 19pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">其实,要不要放人,一开始,我们中间就有不同意见。加上放人以后,群众一乱来,一冲,事情就朝反面的方向发展了。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">英国外交部向中国提抗议。周总理问陶铸怎么回事。陶书记那时在长沙嘛。说是放些人出去也好,没吃的了。总理说那不行,限你半个月,赶快收!</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; margin-right: 3pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">陶书记急了,赶忙打电话给赵紫阳,让他把群众动员回去。电话中说得可急了:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">‘</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">制止不了,你自己也别回来了!</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">’</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">赵紫阳带了人到了深圳后,就召集我们在现在的新园招待所开会,东莞、惠东</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">周围好几个县的公安局长都来了。决定要重新封锁边界,堵截偷渡。大家要当第一位的任务来抓。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">为了迅速解决逃港问题,首先决定立即切断逃港的源头。一、从湖南到广东之间的铁路、公路、分段设卡。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">比如从湖南郴州到广东韶关设卡;从韶关到广州设卡;从广州到深圳设卡。几道卡下来,把人流的源头卡住。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.95pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">二、从惠阳方面加调部队过来,加强边境防守。对留在深圳尤其是边境附近山头上企图逃港的群众,一律清散回去。向群众解释,不是我们不让去,是英国人不同意你们过去。</span></p><p style="line-height: 2.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">三、增加遣散的人手和车辆。广州铁路局负责每天派出火车到深圳送人。四、边境恢复岗哨。凡以后再行偷渡者,被抓获后要给以严惩。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">于是,从</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">22</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">日开始,广东从各地抽调万余名官兵,堵截收容逃港人员。从</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">22</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">日至</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">8</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">日止,共遣送了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">51395</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16px; font-family: Arial;">名外流人员回乡。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.16px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.88px; font-family: Arial;">此后,广东很多地方规定,只有凭单位证明,才能购买到宝安的车船票。边界基本不能去了。</span></p></div><div><p style="line-height: 10pt;"><img src="http://www.chinainperspective.com/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/18201808-b27.JPG" width="503" height="356" alt="" /><strong style="text-indent: 19.8pt;"> </strong></p><p style="line-height: 11.75pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">与此同时,时任中共东莞县委第一书记的林若等珠三角地区的基层领导,开始向辖区师生、群众做工作,分析当前国际形势,表明政府正在积极地采取措施克服困难,重新安排群众生活,同时指出外流香港并非出路,何况香港当局派出大批军警,见一个抓一个,根本过不去。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">19</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">日,东莞县委发出指示,对再参与外流的国家机关干部、教师一律开除公职,是党员的一律开除党籍;对参与外流的农村基层干部,视情节轻重,给予批评教育或停止职务的处分。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.12px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">关于遣返工作的进度,当时的边境支队有详细的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">执勤记录</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">22</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.16px; font-family: Arial;">日:滞留边界群众人数大约一、二千人</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.88px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">……</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.4px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">25</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.2px; font-family: Arial;">日:今日边境滞留群众大约二、三百人</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.88px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">……</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">17</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">日:今日拘捕偷渡者</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">人</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">……</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">到</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年的年底,宝安县政府的总结材料已称:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">今年的反偷渡工作已经取得了胜</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">利。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">深港边境的秩序恢复了正常。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">六二大逃港</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">的风潮就这样平息了。</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: 宋体;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="line-height: 10pt;"><img src="http://www.chinainperspective.com/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Jan/18201808-b28.JPG" width="410" height="375" alt="" /><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"> </span></strong></p><p style="line-height: 12.25pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">到底有多少人在这次风潮中成功逃港,一直有不同的说法。官方说是几万,但据调查,应该是三十万左右。这些来自全国各地逃出的饥民,侥幸到达了衣食丰足的香港,保全了饥饿之躯。有些人后来更以自己的艰苦奋斗,创造出一份可观的事业。这些谋福之举,同那些冒着危险,顶着压力救人性命的人们的勇气是分不开的。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.25pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">为民谋命者理当青史留名!</span></p><p style="line-height: 12.24px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">谁都不怀疑,如果不是陶铸等一批思想开放的共产党人,毅然放人民一条生路,广东省乃至其他地方将要饿死更多的人。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 16.32px; font-family: Arial;">一位退下来的领导人这样说。</span></p><p style="line-height: 12.9pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.88px; margin-left: 31pt;"><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; line-height: 20.46px; font-family: Arial; color: green;">七、究竟逃了多少人?</span></p><p style="line-height: 16.15pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">六二</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">逃港潮的高峰期,约在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">年的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">~</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">22</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">日。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.3pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.04px; margin-right: 6pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">这儿似乎有一个疑问,即批准宝安县放宽边境,是在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">年的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">月</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">25</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">日,为什么群众逃港的高峰期并没有发生在宝安县</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">放宽边境</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">的时候,却发生在半年多后的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">年</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">月呢?</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.52px; margin-right: 1pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">应该指出,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">放宽</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">并没有引起宝安县群众的大逃港,在放宽半年的时间中,宝安县的经济活跃,群众逃港的数量是下降的。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">六二</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.36px; font-family: Arial;">逃港潮中的数以十万计群众,主要不是来自宝安县,而是来自外省、外县饥荒中的群众。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.15pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">究竟</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">六二</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">大逃港逃过去多少人?我采取了一个最简单,但也是较为可信的办法。我手中掌握有香港</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">1950</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">年、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">1960</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">年、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">1970</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">年的人口数,把每十年的两个数字相减,就得到了</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">10</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">年中香港人口的增长数,再减去</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">10</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">年中人口的自然增长(生育)数,当然就是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">10</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">年中</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">意外来港</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">的人数。</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: 宋体;"><br clear="all" /></span><div><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">那么,照这样算,这个数字是多少呢?</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.64px; margin-right: 10pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">我们采用港督姬达的港英官方表述:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">香港的人口自然增长率为</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">1.7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">%。</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.52px; font-family: Arial;">那么,照此自然增长香港的人数本来应是:</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.6pt;"> </p><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-width: 0px; border-style: initial; border-color: initial; margin-left: 24pt; border-collapse: collapse;"><tbody><tr style="height: 16pt;"><td width="261" valign="bottom" style="width: 196pt; height: 16pt;"><p align="right" style="margin-right: 112pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">1950</span></p></td><td width="140" valign="bottom" style="width: 105pt; height: 16pt;"><p align="center" style="margin-right: 47pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">1960</span></p></td><td width="131" valign="bottom" style="width: 98pt; height: 16pt;"><p align="right" style="margin-right: 4pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">1970</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height: 16.2pt;"><td width="261" valign="bottom" style="width: 196pt; height: 16.2pt;"><p align="center" style="margin-right: 57pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">223.7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">万</span></p></td><td width="140" valign="bottom" style="width: 105pt; height: 16.2pt;"><p align="center" style="margin-right: 48pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">264.8</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">万</span></p></td><td width="131" valign="bottom" style="width: 98pt; height: 16.2pt;"><p align="center" style="margin-left: 49pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">313.4</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">万</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height: 13.6pt;"><td width="261" valign="bottom" style="width: 196pt; height: 13.6pt;"><p style="line-height: 13.55pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">而香港那几年的实际人数是多少呢?</span></p></td><td width="140" valign="bottom" style="width: 105pt; height: 13.6pt;"><p> </p></td><td width="131" valign="bottom" style="width: 98pt; height: 13.6pt;"><p> </p></td></tr><tr style="height: 17.6pt;"><td width="261" valign="bottom" style="width: 196pt; height: 17.6pt;"><p align="right" style="margin-right: 114pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">1950</span></p></td><td width="140" valign="bottom" style="width: 105pt; height: 17.6pt;"><p align="center" style="margin-right: 47pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">1960</span></p></td><td width="131" valign="bottom" style="width: 98pt; height: 17.6pt;"><p align="right" style="margin-right: 1pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">1970</span></p></td></tr><tr style="height: 16.2pt;"><td width="261" valign="bottom" style="width: 196pt; height: 16.2pt;"><p align="center" style="margin-right: 63pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">223.7</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">万</span></p></td><td width="140" valign="bottom" style="width: 105pt; height: 16.2pt;"><p align="center" style="margin-right: 48pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">307.53</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">万</span></p></td><td width="131" valign="bottom" style="width: 98pt; height: 16.2pt;"><p align="center" style="margin-left: 53pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">395.9</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">万</span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><p style="line-height: 11.88px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.84px; font-family: Arial;">显然,实际人数大大高于按自然增长所得的人数。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">用</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">实际人数</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">减去</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">按自然增长所得的人数</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">,便是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">非正常增长</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">人数。这个数字为:</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.3pt;"> </p><p style="margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">1950</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">年~</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">1960</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Arial;">年:</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">307.53</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">-</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">264.8</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">=</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">42.73</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">万</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1960</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年~</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1970</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年:</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.05pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">395.9</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">-</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">313.4</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">=</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">82.5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">万以上数字相加:</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">42.73</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">万+</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">82.5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">万=</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">125.23</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">万。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.28px; margin-right: 7pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">这就是说,从</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1950</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年到</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1970</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">20</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年中,香港</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">非正常</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">增加的居民是</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">125</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">万人,除去合法办证迁港的人数(每年允</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">1.8</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">万人)外,</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">20</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">年中,逃往香港的群众总人数接近</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">90</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.04px; font-family: Arial;">万。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.1pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 11.04px; margin-right: 4pt; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">同样计算,从</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">1960</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">年到</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">1970</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">年的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">10</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">年中,香港</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">“</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">非正常</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">”</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">增加的居民达</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">82.5</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">万人,除去合法办证迁港的人数(每年允</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">1.8</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">万人)外,这</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">10</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">年中,逃往香港的群众总人数在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">60</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 14.72px; font-family: Arial;">万以上。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; text-indent: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">由于</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">1960</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">年到</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">1970</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">年的</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">10</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">年中,除</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">1960</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">年、</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">1961</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">年逃港人数较高外,其他年份的逃港人数都在一两万之内,逃港集中在</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">1962</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">年的高潮期中出现,所以,保守估计,高潮期中逃出的人数也不会少于</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">20</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 15.68px; font-family: Arial;">万人。</span></p><p style="line-height: 10.44px; margin-left: 24pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 13.92px; font-family: Arial;">而实际逃港(包括未逃出)的人数,当然更多。</span></p><p style="line-height: 15.85pt;"> </p><p><span style="font-size: 15.5pt; font-family: Arial;">注释</span></p><p style="line-height: 8.35pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.6px;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page96"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">1</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">】</span> </span></a><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">《毛泽东传(</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">1949-1976</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">)》,中央文献出版社</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">2003</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">年版,第</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">731</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">页。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page97"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">2</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">】</span> </span></a><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">《毛泽东传(</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">1949—1976</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">)》,中央文献出版社</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">2003</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">年版,第</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">735</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">页。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page97"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">3</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">】</span> </span></a><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">《毛泽东传(</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">1949—1976</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">)》,中央文献出版社</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">2003</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">年版,第</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">771</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">页。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page99"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">4</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">】</span> </span></a><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">《毛泽东之路</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">晚年岁月》,中国青年出版社</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">1993</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">年版,第</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">104</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">页。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page100"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">5</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">】</span></span></a><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">参见《建国卅年深圳档案文献演绎》第二卷,花城出版社</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">2005</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">年版。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page102"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">6</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">】</span> </span></a><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">参见《建国卅年深圳档案文献演绎》第二卷,花城出版社</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">2005</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">年版。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page102"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">7</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">】</span> </span></a><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">参见《建国卅年深圳档案文献演绎》第二卷,花城出版社</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">2005</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">年版。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page102"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">8</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">】</span> </span></a><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">参见《建国卅年深圳档案文献演绎》第二卷,花城出版社</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">2005</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">年版。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page102"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">】</span> </span></a><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">参见《建国卅年深圳档案文献演绎》第二卷,花城出版社</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">2005</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">年版。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page102"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">10</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">】</span> </span></a><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">参见《建国卅年深圳档案文献演绎》第二卷,花城出版社</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">2005</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">年版。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page104"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">11</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">】</span> </span></a><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">参见《建国卅年深圳档案文献演绎》第二卷,花城出版社</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">2005</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">年版。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page104"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">12</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">】</span> </span></a><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">参见《建国卅年深圳档案文献演绎》第二卷,花城出版社</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">2005</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">年版。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page105"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">13</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">】</span> </span></a><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">参见《建国卅年深圳档案文献演绎》第二卷,花城出版社</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">2005</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">年版。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page106"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">14</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">】</span> </span></a><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">参见《建国卅年深圳档案文献演绎》第二卷,花城出版社</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">2005</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">年版。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page108"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">15</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">】</span> </span></a><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">参见《毛泽东传(</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">1949—1976</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">)》,中央文献出版社</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">2003</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.3px; font-family: Arial;">年版。</span></p><p style="line-height: 0.45pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 12.36px;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page108"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">16</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span> </a><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">参见《毛泽东传(</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">1949—1976</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">)》,中央文献出版社</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">2003</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">年版。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page108"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">17</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">】</span> </span></a><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">参见《毛泽东传(</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">1949—1976</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">)》,中央文献出版社</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">2003</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">年版。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page109"><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">18</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">】</span> </span></a><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">林里:《陶铸与反瞒产运动》,载《中外书摘》</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">2001</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">年第</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-size: 9.5pt; line-height: 13.0467px; font-family: Arial;">期。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.76px; margin-left: 20pt;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page109"><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">【</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">19</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">】</span></a> <span style="font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">林里:《陶铸与反瞒产运动》,载《中外书摘》</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">2001</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">年第</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">9</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">期。</span></p><p style="line-height: 11.76px;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page110"><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">20</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">】</span> </span></a><span style="font-family: Arial;">《毛泽东之路</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">——</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">晚年岁月》,中国青年出版社</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1993</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">年版,第</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">133</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">页。</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page110"><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">21</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">】</span> </span></a><span style="font-family: Arial;">《毛泽东传》,中央文献出版社</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">2003</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">年版,第</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">943</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">页。</span></p></div><span style="font-size: 10pt; line-height: 13.0667px; font-family: 宋体;"><br clear="all" /></span><p style="margin-left: 20pt;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page110"><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">22</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">】</span></span></a> <span style="font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">《毛泽东传(</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1949—1976</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">)》,中央文献出版社</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">2003</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">年版,第</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1196</span><span style="font-family: Arial; color: #0000ee;">页。</span></p><p style="line-height: 1.5pt;"> </p><p style="line-height: 10.92px; text-indent: 19.8pt;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/%E6%96%B0%E5%BB%BA%E6%96%87%E4%BB%B6%E5%A4%B9/%E5%A4%A7%E9%80%83%E6%B8%AF%20pdf.doc#page142"><span style="font-family: 宋体; color: #0000ee;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">【</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">23</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">】</span> </span></a><span style="font-family: Arial;">逢先知,金冲及主编:《毛泽东传:</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1949—1976</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">》,中央文献出版社</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">2004</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">年版,第</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">1232</span><span style="font-family: Arial;">页。</span></p><div> </div></div>