女权者痛扁性权派:性骚扰不是性权利!

<p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">北京航空航天大学处理长江学者陈小武性骚扰研究生案,成为中国反性骚扰运动又一个标杆性事件。在这个事件中,值得关注的不仅是时隔12年仍然勇敢发声的举报者和支持她的律师记者,还有到现在仍然没有停止的、数十所大学校友给母校寄信建议性骚扰防治机制的民间活动。这些努力带来了历史性的突破:无论是北航,还是教育部,都承诺建立反性骚扰长效机制。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">然而,就在陈小武被惩处前夕,<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">法国100名文化娱乐界女性在《世界报》联署&#8220;反Metoo公开信&#8221;的消息传遍了社交网络。</strong>中国人熟知的名演员凯瑟琳&#183;德诺芙(Catherine Deneuve))位列其中。中国的性学学者方刚立即在他的公众号上发出消息:&#8220;法国女性对&#8216;me too&#8217;说&#8216;不&#8217;:捍卫人们求欢的自由!&#8221;在中国的社交媒体上,有些人认为这样才&#8220;酷&#8221;,代表一种&#8220;真正强大的女权主义。&#8221;当北航事件尘埃落定,不断有赞同这个公开信的文章出来,似乎它提供了一种更好的解决性侵问题的思路&#8212;&#8212;这些文章的建议是,不把它当回事,甚至&#8220;反撩&#8221;。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ME5dOJ0opmdFIJ1FJNNAicpicwXicv0XlpzsDz6GtsLQCs6newAkn3W8AQicQXHI2ah4UoiaJjP46R1iapSN48ibhJA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.9454545454545454" data-w="55" width="31" height="29" _width="31px" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ME5dOJ0opmdFIJ1FJNNAicpicwXicv0XlpzsDz6GtsLQCs6newAkn3W8AQicQXHI2ah4UoiaJjP46R1iapSN48ibhJA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 31px !important; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #0b0b0b; font-size: 24px;">防治机制断送了师生&#8220;美好情缘&#8221;?</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">而另一名性学学者彭晓辉在接受采访的时候重提旧事,说2014年曾有志愿者找到他,请他加入给教育部呼吁建立高校反性骚扰机制的公开信签名。由于不同意那封信的观点,他拒绝了签名,并加入了方刚等人起草了一份《对反性侵联署的回应》,呼吁推进全面的学校性教育,反对单纯强调&#8220;预防性侵犯&#8221;。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">这些性学者反对的,是256名女权学者和行动者针对当年厦门大学吴春明性骚扰案,签署的给教育部和厦门大学的公开信,就学校和教育部两个层面如何建立性骚扰防治机制给出了不同的制度文本和不同国家与地区的示范文本,被媒体广泛报道。之后,教育部出台了2014年10月9日印发的关于《关于建立健全高校师德建设长效机制的意见》,第一次在教育部文件中提出禁止教师性骚扰学生。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">就是这个反性骚扰机制的女权联署,被方刚等人的公开信指责说:&#8220;只谈性的害处,不谈性的正面价值;这其实就是臭名昭著的&#8216;守贞教育&#8217;改头换面,以反性侵的面目在中国的再次登场。&#8221;然而,<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">中国的女权主义者真的倡议&#8220;守贞教育&#8221;、反对全面性教育吗?这恐怕是有意无意的歪曲事实。</strong>譬如,2016年安徽女高中生因为性取向被同学下&#8220;春药&#8221;欺凌的时候,出面协调发声支持受害者的就是女权组织,提出的倡议就包括综合性教育;这些时候,性学家们在哪里呢?</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">除了类似对女权反性侵主张的误读,2014年性学派的公开信里表达了他们对师生性骚扰的不同看法,与德诺芙们的公开信有着类似的逻辑:性自由。<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">首先,他们认为,大多数老师并不拥有凌驾于学生之上的权力,而师生关系的平等自由是常态,</strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">因此不能简单地将师生间的情欲关系定义未性骚扰,因为双方可能基于自愿</strong>,按这个逻辑,沈从文骚扰了张兆和,鲁迅骚扰了许广平,等于否定了学生作为成年人的性自主权,也断送了教师和学生之间可能的美好情缘。<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">其次,以&#8220;不受欢迎的言行&#8221;定义性骚扰,将影响学术自由。第三,将&#8220;性骚扰&#8221;无理性地扩大化,将破坏和谐,更可能让男硕导、男博导因唯恐&#8220;瓜田李下&#8221;而不敢招收女研究生,这会强化女生受教育权的不公。</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">尽管性学派声称他们坚决地反对性骚扰,我认为彭晓辉本周的微博评论更能够代表性学派对Metoo的抵触立场:&#8220;涉及到性隐私的犯罪案件本来就应该私密处理,在证据都没有的情况下,公开案件不符合法制原则;过度炒作性骚扰案,泛化性侵害案,将毒化男女交往关系,反而不利于女性参与社会交往,背离初衷。&#8221;彭似乎并没有意识到,<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">即便在性骚扰防治机制比较完备的美国,被骚扰的女性在权势人物面前仍然要隐忍若干年。</strong>而在中国,性骚扰尚未成为一个法庭立案的案由,也很少有组织层面的制度化处理手段;一个熟人的骚扰和性侵案,当事人如果没有媒体的支持和对这类案件有经验的律师的帮助(这类律师寥寥无几),即便有完整的证据,也很难得到一个公正的结果。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ME5dOJ0opmdFIJ1FJNNAicpicwXicv0XlpzsDz6GtsLQCs6newAkn3W8AQicQXHI2ah4UoiaJjP46R1iapSN48ibhJA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.9454545454545454" data-w="55" width="31" height="29" _width="31px" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ME5dOJ0opmdFIJ1FJNNAicpicwXicv0XlpzsDz6GtsLQCs6newAkn3W8AQicQXHI2ah4UoiaJjP46R1iapSN48ibhJA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 31px !important; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #0b0b0b; font-size: 24px;">法国的反性骚扰走过头了吗?</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">德诺芙参与的《世界报》百名女名人公开信认为,<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">社交媒体上#MeToo和#法国的BalanceTonPorc(揪出性侵沙猪)运动不是赋予女性权力,而是服务于&#8220;性自由的敌人,宗教极端主义者,最糟糕的保守者&#8221;,</strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">认为如此高调地反性侵,是将女性婴儿化,过度保护。</strong>同时,这场如猎巫一般的运动对被投诉者不公平,并且阻挠了人们调情和寻欢的性表达,强化了女性被动的受害者身份,也导致对艺术的审查。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">这封信特别倡议了一种像于佩尔主演的新片《她》一样,面对性侵能够自己冷静处理,并不假手于警察和媒体的&#8220;自由&#8221;、&#8220;强大&#8221;的女性形象。信中说,&#8220;在同一天里,女人可以领导专业的团队,也可以享受作为男人的性对象&#8221;,作为女性,&#8220;她会关注自己的工资是不是与男性工资在同一个水平上,但绝不会因为在地铁上被陌生男子揉捏了一下而在心灵上遭受创伤,虽然这一行为属于犯罪。她甚至可以把其当成是(加害者的)一次剧烈的对性方面的困苦的表达,或根本不是什么事&#8221;。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">正如很多批评者指出的,&#8220;领导专业团队&#8221;而又同时&#8220;享受作为男性性对象&#8221;的高标准几近于&#8220;何不食肉糜&#8221;,不仅未看到底层女性收入低微、生活艰苦同时要隐忍性侵害的痛苦处境,恐怕连另一些中高阶层的女性的苦恼也未能体会。并且,<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">这些描述隐隐然是责备出来揭发骚扰的女性&#8220;内心不够强大&#8221;,而她们遭遇的其实没什么大不了的&#8212;&#8212;就像我们常常听到的,对批评性别歧视的女性的评价。</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">然而,德诺芙们的公开信次日即遇到三十多名女权活动家发表公开信批评:&#8220;每当社会平等有所进步,哪怕只有半毫米的提升,都会有&#8216;好心人&#8217;立刻警告我们走得太远了。而在此时此刻的法国,每一天依然有成百上千的女性遭遇性骚扰。&#8221;那些在社交媒体上被投诉的身居高位的男人真如公开信所轻描淡写的,&#8220;唯一做错的事情就是摸一下膝盖,想偷一个吻&#8221;吗?他们真的仅仅是天真笨拙的调情者而并没有多少蓄意欺凌他人的恶意吗?法国&#8220;揪出性侵沙猪&#8221;发起人、记者穆勒(Sandra Muller)所吐槽的前主管言论是这样的:&#8220;你的胸部真大。你是我的菜,我要让你高潮一整晚。&#8221;<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">所谓社交生活中&#8220;笨拙的调情&#8221;,跟利用自己的优势位置,逼迫别人与自己亲密,完全不是一回事。</strong>另一方面,一些轻微的骚扰行为不见得是浅尝辄止,往往是性骚扰加害人试探性的前奏,这是很多加害行为都要通过门槛效应,渐进地控制受害者,将自己的行为不断地正当化。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">更早在2016年春天,法国就发生过一群政界女性的Metoo 运动。当时,法国国民议会前副议长Denis Baupin被8名女性指控性骚扰,如果不是当事人说出来,德诺芙信函的签署者,恐怕很难想象一名女性副市长会收到此人上百条短信骚扰,而其女同事、绿党发言人竟然会被他&#8220;壁咚&#8221;强吻。因此,Baupin事发之后,法国的政界女要人17名法国的女性部长和前部长,包括前财政部长、国际货币基金组织总裁拉加德,在5月通过媒体联署了一封公开信,她们宣布自己受够了,未来对性骚扰将不再沉默,并谴责法国政界的性别歧视、性暗示语言、不当肢体碰触,并要求各政党必须为党内人士的性骚扰事件负责。也正是职场性骚扰受到的来自职业场域权力关系和复杂人际网络的压力,很难即时提告,法国女权部长Laurence Rossignol要求将性犯罪追诉时效由3年延长到6年,并允许有公信力的民间组织帮助受害者发起举报与诉讼,并且要求警察设立专门处理性骚扰的部门。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">而在&#8220;揪出性侵沙猪&#8221;活动如火如荼的时候,法国男女平等事务国务秘书Marl&#232;ne Schiappa提出一项新法案:<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">任何人在公众场合性骚扰他人,包括吹口哨、评头品足和尾随他人,都会和公共场所扔垃圾和吸烟一样,被当场开罚单,而且罚款可能是上千欧元。</strong>而她这样做的理由,就是要用法制来改造这种&#8220;调情文化&#8221;。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ME5dOJ0opmdFIJ1FJNNAicpicwXicv0XlpzsDz6GtsLQCs6newAkn3W8AQicQXHI2ah4UoiaJjP46R1iapSN48ibhJA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.9454545454545454" data-w="55" width="31" height="29" _width="31px" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ME5dOJ0opmdFIJ1FJNNAicpicwXicv0XlpzsDz6GtsLQCs6newAkn3W8AQicQXHI2ah4UoiaJjP46R1iapSN48ibhJA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 31px !important; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #0b0b0b; font-size: 24px;">创作自由与男性的性表达</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">当百人公开信的签署者、情色片女演员Brigitte Lahaie之后在电视上发表了&#8220;女性可以在强奸中得到高潮&#8221;的言论,又遭遇女权者对她伤害了性侵受害者的批评,德诺芙不得不在《解放报》上再补充了一份个人声明,向性侵受害者道歉,不点名地跟Brigitte Lahaie划清界限,并再次重申了自己签署公开信的主要原因:<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">对社交媒体舆论审判的心有余悸,以及担心这种无所不在的反性侵的警惕,导致艺术创作的自由和性表达的自由会受到侵害。</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">这种担心倒也不是空穴来风,因为前不久维也纳旅游局用奥地利名家埃贡&#183;席勒的裸体画作(画家的模特多为未成年少女,并在上世纪初因诱拐未成年人而被诉上法庭)制作的艺术节庆宣传画,在英国和德国都受到了审查,被要求遮挡画中女性生殖器的部分,引起奥地利方面以艺术节口号&#8220;对于艺术,那是自由&#8221;进行遮盖来抗议。而公开信联署者也提及,她们遇到了出版商也会要求作品的男性角色&#8220;不那么性别歧视&#8221;,谈论起性和爱要&#8220;比例更均衡&#8221;,让&#8220;女性角色受创伤的经验更加明显&#8221;。因此,这些联署者把艺术的自由和性的自由相提并论:&#8220;哲学家Ruwen Ogien捍卫冒犯的自由,因为它是艺术创作的关键;我们同样捍卫打扰的自由,因为它对性自由不可或缺。&#8221;正如加拿大演员和作家Lauren Collins在《纽约客》对德诺芙等人的回应所说,<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">对于过去的一些艺术作品而言,这些作品所谓&#8220;表达的自由&#8221;,不过是表达占据优势的男性的欲望与想象&#8212;&#8212;只有在这种有些过时的想象中,&#8220;自由&#8221;真的与对女性的冒犯紧密相连。</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">这是与&#8220;创作自由&#8221;交缠的是另一个一样长久的传统:男性主导。在这个传统里,女权主义艺术团体&#8220;游击队女孩&#8221;在1989年的大都会博物馆所揭示的,当19世纪性开始取代宗教成为艺术界的主要偏见,只有5%的女艺术家,而85%的裸体都是女人。<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">女性作为艺术创作的主体是点缀性的和与男性互补性的,而作为审美和幻想的对象则是压倒性的。</strong>虽然具体的比例数字一直在变化,但是离比例的平衡或翻转还遥遥无期。正是在这个&#8220;创作自由&#8221;慢慢增加的时代,像卡米耶&#183;克罗岱尔那样的天才女艺术家几乎必然成为比自己长一辈的老师罗丹的情人和缪斯,却难以得到业界足够的支持和信任,成为能够独立立足的同侪,而必须接受在情感与性,以及创作和劳动中的不平等关系,最后成为&#8220;阁楼上的疯女人&#8221;。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">要在两性走向平权的今天进行属于这个时代的创作,难免要对那些过时的、被男性欲望驱动的创作思想进行批评与修正。这对于艺术界是一个严肃的议题,但创作的自由不能仅仅包括不遮盖画作上的身体,或者按照老的套路来讲一个故事。说起来,<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">让文艺界享有真正的自由,也包括拆解旧有的权势结构,包括消除男性通过性和资源的优势继续控制女性后辈的可能。</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">这是我最近在广州的艺术界听到的一个故事:一名女艺术家投诉在与一名男学者商量策展的时候,遭遇了非常不舒服的性骚扰;在一名女性策展人的建议下,一个艺术家的传播平台决定探讨在艺术圈防止这类事情发生的办法。对于历史性地在这些领域处于下风的女性和其他弱势群体,反性骚扰也是通向创作自由的道路。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ME5dOJ0opmdFIJ1FJNNAicpicwXicv0XlpzsDz6GtsLQCs6newAkn3W8AQicQXHI2ah4UoiaJjP46R1iapSN48ibhJA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.9454545454545454" data-w="55" width="31" height="29" _width="31px" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ME5dOJ0opmdFIJ1FJNNAicpicwXicv0XlpzsDz6GtsLQCs6newAkn3W8AQicQXHI2ah4UoiaJjP46R1iapSN48ibhJA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 31px !important; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #0b0b0b; font-size: 24px;">&#8220;性论战&#8221;的中国版本:无关权力关系</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">中国性学派对女权反性侵行动所提出的误读与异议,理论来源是1980年代断断续续蔓延到今天的的北美女权主义内部的&#8220;性论战&#8221;:<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">激进派强调性活动中渗透的男性对女性的结构性压迫,因此对诸多涉性的社会领域,如色情产品、虐恋、陌生人性爱、成年人与儿童的性爱、性产业甚至性爱中的特定角色扮演抱持反对立场,并迅速推动了政策和法律层面对工作、教育领域性侵的解决方案。</strong>而另一派是更加强调&#8220;性压抑&#8221;、倡议情欲解放的(Pro-sex)女权主义者,认为性解放是女性解放的重要内容,而性在社会中是普遍被压抑的,女权主义应该拒绝的是任何对性的法律的压制和道德判断, 拒绝污名化各种类型的性少数,不断越轨打开性的可能空间,这样才能达到性的自由状态。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在中国人社会中,这种分歧演化为台湾地区妇女运动的妇权与性权之争。 1990年代中后期,台湾女权运动学者团体公开放弃&#8220;性解放&#8221;议题,而着重进行政策与立法倡导,说服选民和政府,把更多资源放在妇女身上,也不断修法立法,给妇女更多权利保障。而性权派则游离体制之外,专注于同志权益、情欲解放、支持性工作与文化批判等议题,并批评一些妇女团体带来的保守立法倾向。随着两岸学术与实务交流频繁,台湾性权派对妇权派的批评,莫名进入情境迥异的大陆。于是,从宋山木案、厦大吴春明案,到报社记者性侵实习生案,中国的性学派都在公共平台发表过一些跟女权主义者不同的意见,这些意见大致都有一些共同点。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">首先,性学派不承认性骚扰建立在两性权力/利不平等的基础上。</strong>美国激进派女权主义法学家麦金农将性骚扰定义为&#8220;在不平等的权力关系中强加于人的性要求&#8221;,是利用控制手段扩张男性权力和统治的过程;强调性骚扰是性别歧视,也是针对女性的暴力。而中国的性学家认为,美国主流的性骚扰定义和认知框架不符合中国的国情。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">譬如最近一些网站刊出了黄盈盈和潘绥铭的调查文章《中国的性骚扰有多严重?》,两位作者认为是一种来自西方的反对性骚扰的话语已经&#8220;强势介入了日常生活&#8221;,以至于&#8220;普通人对于自己被性骚扰的可能性越来越夸大&#8221;,因此,现实中的性骚扰在日渐减少,可是人们对它的焦虑却与日俱增。他们认为,中国的研究数据否定了麦金农所创立的建立在&#8220;权力宰制&#8221;基础上的性骚扰理论。譬如较多的性骚扰发生在平等的关系中,譬如同事、同学、熟人、邻居、业务关系、对象、谈恋爱的朋友(包括原来的)、家庭成员和亲戚,而利用职权的性骚扰&#8212;&#8212;老板、上级、领导、老师、&#8220;对我有恩的人&#8221;占比最少。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">可是,女权主义法学的权力视角并不等同于上下级关系,无论是同事、家庭成员、业务关系还是邻居,个体之间的权力关系未必平等,能够让人借势骚扰的,可能是经验阅历上的差距,长辈的身份,业务关系中的小小权柄,甚至只是性别或者阶级的身份,譬如各种&#8220;二代&#8221;对同学与同事、典型直男气质的人对&#8220;娘娘腔&#8221;的骚扰。而从骚扰作为性别歧视的日常表现而言,&#8220;敌意环境型性骚扰&#8220;往往就是发生在同侪之间的,尽管平级之间缺少足够让对方屈服严重性侵而不反抗的权力,但往往是异性恋男性借助&#8220;企业文化&#8221;或群体压力用来消费女同事的情形比比皆是。某些公司行号招&#8220;程序员安慰师&#8221;、报社图片部门强调图片编辑是美女是工作福利之一,<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">这都是一种日常存在的性骚扰:按照人们的性别身份,要求人们在工作和学习的环境中扮演超过本职的模拟异性恋的&#8220;亲密&#8221;角色,本身也强化了女性在工作环境中的从属角色。</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">女权理论认为造成性骚扰的,是性别规范赋予男性的性特权,与现实中不平等的权力关系和社会经济地位累加的产物。而性学派认为,正是这种权力视角,把不成问题的&#8220;双方合意&#8221;变成了&#8220;暴力&#8221;。</strong>如潘绥铭在《南方人物周刊》自述其性工作者研究,在举例老板用口头威胁的方式迫使少女从娼的时候,结论是这是通过做&#8220;思想工作&#8221;达成的自愿。有一位性学派法学学者赵合俊写了一篇论文,结论是&#8220;在山木强奸案(教育企业总裁强奸见习生案)中,女权主义与国家公权力结合,在保护妇女权益的幌子下,将男女之间自愿的性关系硬性地建构为一起强奸案件&#8230;&#8230;&#8221;</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ME5dOJ0opmdFIJ1FJNNAicpicwXicv0XlpzsDz6GtsLQCs6newAkn3W8AQicQXHI2ah4UoiaJjP46R1iapSN48ibhJA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.9454545454545454" data-w="55" width="31" height="29" _width="31px" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ME5dOJ0opmdFIJ1FJNNAicpicwXicv0XlpzsDz6GtsLQCs6newAkn3W8AQicQXHI2ah4UoiaJjP46R1iapSN48ibhJA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 31px !important; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #0b0b0b; font-size: 24px;">&#8220;性解放&#8221;受害者还是&#8220;咎责受害者2.0&#8221;</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">针对性侵害行为,女权派关注的是加害人一方,反对强调受害者的&#8220;防性侵&#8221;责任,而性学派则对受害者着墨甚多。譬如黄盈盈和潘绥铭也在他们的研究中针对某些人被多人骚扰过的现象,提出了一些假设:&#8220;是因为这些人自己很特殊,所以才更容易遭到甚至&#8216;招来&#8217;性骚扰吗?是由于他们很难避开那些喜欢发动性骚扰的人们,才屡次遭此噩运吗?是由于他们总是误解对方的意图,才屡屡认为自己被性骚扰了吗?是由于他们被话语介入得更深,因此把自己的&#8216;性的身体&#8217;建构得更加广阔和更加敏感,才更多地报告自己遭到性骚扰吗?&#8221;</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">由于不承认性侵中的权力关系影响而强调性压抑,性学派把女性在性侵中的受害感受,视为&#8220;恐性&#8221;的社会文化的后果,认为这样的&#8220;受害者叙事&#8221;,只会让女性更弱势。</strong>这就是作家吴馨恩所言的&#8220;谴责被害人2.0&#8221;&#8212;&#8212;相对于一般所说的&#8220;荡妇羞辱&#8221;式的咎责受害者,这是&#8220;良妇羞辱&#8221;:&#8220;在此类性解放论述进步包装的语言中,擅自地认为受害者受到侵害,是可以透过心理层面的转换来解决,甚至是因可以想通、想开、开放、享受一点。&#8230;&#8230;只要他们说出自己的经验与感受,马上就要被迫披上保守的外衣,即使他们根本不是、也不愿意。&#8221;</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">在陈小武案中,<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">一些记者问我从以往校园性骚扰受害者身上看到她们最深的伤害是什么,如果一定要说,我感受最深的,是她们对师生关系的失去信任,面对实实在在的社会关系的崩塌:被自己信任的朋友、同学的冷眼旁观或欺凌,应该保护自己的院系管理层敷衍塞责;以及学业受挫的煎熬。</strong>以我本人的经验而言,其实很少遇到因为内在贞操情结有着很深的内疚、自责的女性,即便有,也往往是来自舆论压力。性学派所强调的性的去污名化和去除贞操情结,女权阵营并非不重视,社交媒体上批评丽江警方微博暗示被殴打的女游客&#8220;陌陌约炮、作风不好&#8221;的,多是女权网友。然而,在性学派的论述中,被性侵而又得不到制度性的处理,纯碎靠自力救济的经历,似乎是一种女性能够得到成长的&#8220;机会&#8221;。这一点,是长期进行个案干预和立法倡导的女权主义者无法认同的。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><img data-s="300,640" data-type="png" data-src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ME5dOJ0opmdFIJ1FJNNAicpicwXicv0XlpzsDz6GtsLQCs6newAkn3W8AQicQXHI2ah4UoiaJjP46R1iapSN48ibhJA/0?wx_fmt=png" data-ratio="0.9454545454545454" data-w="55" width="31" height="29" _width="31px" src="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/E6ME5dOJ0opmdFIJ1FJNNAicpicwXicv0XlpzsDz6GtsLQCs6newAkn3W8AQicQXHI2ah4UoiaJjP46R1iapSN48ibhJA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1" data-fail="0" style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; height: auto !important; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; width: 31px !important; visibility: visible !important;" alt="" /><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important; color: #0b0b0b; font-size: 24px;">报警处理还是&#8220;中国智慧&#8221;?</strong></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">性学派认为,性骚扰的法律和制度处理机制,会造成扩张公权力,并且让社会失去弹性的、自治的、属于&#8220;民间智慧&#8221;的空间。譬如,以&#8220;性积极女权主义者&#8221;自称的黄羽飞认为,鼓励&#8220;熟人强奸&#8221;也要报案的危险,是把警察介入当作现代人际纠纷的首要解决方案;但是,&#8220;维持现有性别秩序、打压女性和性少数、审查文学电影和网络中情欲表达的,往往也是公权力&#8221;,其扩张会伤害到性的多种样貌和自由表达。后者固然有一定道理,但既然熟人故意伤害、恶意诈骗要报警,为何熟人强奸报警就是&#8220;扩张了公权力&#8221;呢?</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">性学派倾向把性骚扰视为个人之间可以协商解决的私事和小冲突,而否认法制对于人们观念和社会规范的改革性效果。这一类的意见散见于很多性学者的论述,譬如,针对近期的性骚扰事件,譬如人民大学性学研究所的公号&#8220;性研究ING&#8221;发表了刘立春的文章&#8220;面对性骚扰,不必勇敢,也不必举报&#8221;,作者认为,反性骚扰的话语&#8220;看似政治正确、但是却妨碍了人们的团结与交往&#8221;,&#8220;没有考虑到现实人生与人际互动的复杂性&#8221;。这位作者拿2017年通州&#8220;女乘客被男子猥亵拍照报警,男子辩解不成持刀割喉&#8221;的新闻举例,暗示勇敢报警和抵制并非好选择。因此,作者推荐了不少充满&#8220;生活智慧&#8221;的&#8220;办法&#8221;,这些办法是什么呢?<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">第一个建议是&#8220;躲&#8221;,第二是&#8220;表达自己的态度,给对方留有余地&#8221;。</strong>刘认为这种&#8220;中国人处理人际关系的&#8221;古老的智慧, &#8220;正是中国公民社会应该有的德行,促进中国公民交往与团结的基本。公民之间不是张牙舞爪地防范、紧张监视着人我界限,不以&#8216;个人权利&#8217;之名来制造疏离与敌意。我们必须认识到:公民共同体的和平共处除了保障个人权利外,其实也需要和气与容忍&#9472;&#9472;而不必然是怒勇之气与零容忍&#8221;。如此说来,不是骚扰者不懂人我分际,冒犯了别人,反而是被骚扰者对人我界限过于斤斤计较而失了和气。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">总之,性学派认为,性骚扰与性别不平等没有必然关系,终结性骚扰,一是要被骚扰者要自己&#8220;成长起来&#8221;,摆脱被害者身份,不能被动地等着被骚扰,甚至要成为一个有能力&#8220;反撩&#8221;别人的人;二是要让社会有着性的多元表达空间,就像性的资源开放出来,就好像台湾学者宁应斌举的例子,人人都有钱了,钱财外露的人就不会特别被窃贼注意。</p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;" /></p><p style="padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: #3e3e3e; font-family: -apple-system-font, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, &quot;PingFang SC&quot;, &quot;Hiragino Sans GB&quot;, &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.75em; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">不过,这种思考,可能<strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; word-wrap: break-word !important;">中间被遗漏的环节就是,在一个没有任何具体的反性骚扰公共机制,人们对发生在自己身上的不公只能隐忍不发的环境,这种&#8220;成长&#8221;和&#8220;多元表达&#8221;如何能够达成呢?</strong>而在一个权力和资源并不平等的社会,当优势者的&#8220;性表达&#8221;与弱势者发生冲突的时候,该如何解决呢?性学派对于具体的制度建设很少有针对性地提出可操作的观点,往往只是针对女权者的建议进行批评,表达他们的担忧。然而,将欧美和台湾这样有着密集的反性骚扰处理机制和法律保护网的社会对&#8220;反性骚扰走过头&#8221;的忧虑,全盘照搬到制度建设刚刚起步的中国大陆,对解决问题有什么帮助呢?</p>