中国中央、地方政府盈亏2017报告

<div style="border:none;border-bottom:solid #E7E7EB 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 8.0pt 0in"> <p style=" border:none;padding:0in;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</p> <p align="center" style="border:none; padding:0in;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;border:none;padding:0in;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">从中国省市区宏观经济角度看(香港、澳门和台湾不在此数据之内),中国中央财政的管辖范围是</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">31</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">个省(</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">5</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">个计划单列市深圳、大连、青岛、厦门和宁波不包括),整体财政盈亏是</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">1/6</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">,就是平均</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">6</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">个省市区中才有</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">1</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">个可以在自我生存。如果把每个省市(直辖市)区比作一家公司,那么通过这些省市区辖区内的经济活动赚取财政收入,同时要应付各种各样自我发展、开支、盈亏。<strong>如果</strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">A</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">省开支超过收入则需要中央财政来调节,让富有的</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">B</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">省来补亏空,这就是中国特色的<a name="_Hlk503044942">&#8220;财政转移支付&#8221;</a>制度,也就是说人为好恶的&#8220;财政转移支付&#8221;,可以让某个省市崛起,也可以让某各区市一直一穷二白、一直贫困下去。</span></strong><strong></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:28.1pt;border:none;padding:0in;"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;border:none;padding:0in;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">90</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年代开始,中国把税收划分为国税和地税,国税基本上缴中央,地税基本留给地方。另外,海关关税由海关机构收取并上缴中央财政,而非税收入则由地税部门征缴。于是,小编把代征关税纳入到国税部门的收入中,把非税收入纳入到了地税部门的收入之中。看看中国财政的数据。</span><strong></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:28.1pt;border:none;padding:0in;"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">(</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">1</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">)、东北片区</span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">:首先登场的是&#8220;共和国长子&#8221;东三省辽宁、吉林和黑龙江。</span></p> </div> <p style=" background:white"><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Feb/222018G1.jpg" width="640" height="901" alt="" /><br /></p> <p style="text-indent:28.1pt;background:white"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">&#8220;东三省&#8221;的财政缺口越来越大,</span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2014</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年合计为</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">3562</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿元,</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2015</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年激增至</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">5268</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿元,</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2016</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">年继续增长到</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">5580</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿元,</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2017</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年上半年为</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2575</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿元,考虑到下半年财政压力更大,预计</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2017</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年要直奔</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">6000</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿元了。&#8220;东三省&#8221;一是连续数年中国省级</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">GDP</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">倒挂负数。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:28.1pt;background:white"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">(</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">)、华北片区:</span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">一起来看看紧挨着东北的华北三省河北、天津和山东。北京是全国人民的北京,所以没有计入华北片区中。</span></p> <p style=" background:white"><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Feb/222018G2.jpg" width="640" height="816" alt="" /><br /></p> <p style="text-indent:28.1pt;background:white"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2017</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年山东省</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">GDP</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">排名中国各省区第二,</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;"> GDP</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">产值</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">25326</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">万亿人民币,从</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2016</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年开始向中央伸手要钱,</span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2016</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年山东省只亏了</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">64</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿元,</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2017</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">年才过了一半就亏了</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">387</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿元。作为北方最大的港口城市,<strong>天津</strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2016</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年的地税收入(含非税收入)同比下降</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">15%</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">,财政缺口同比增长了</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">164%</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">。</span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">而在中国官方媒体里,天津</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2016</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年的人均</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">GDP</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">排名全国第一,比北京上海还要高,被吹为</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">&#8220;</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">闪耀的明星</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">&#8221;</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">。为什么会这样矛盾呢?因为天津的经济发展主要靠国有企业的固定投资拉动,而国企上缴给政府的税后利润都会还给企业。<strong>而有</strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">&#8220;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">环京贫困带</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">&#8221;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">的河北,国地税总收入增长缓慢几乎停滞</span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">,预算支出却屡创新高,刚性缺口预计要飙到</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2500</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿。</span><strong></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:28.1pt;background:white"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">(</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">3</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">)、西北片区</span></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:28.1pt;background:white"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">西北片区地形复杂且气候恶劣,是中国扶贫工作的主战场。</span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">西北</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">7</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">省(宁夏、青海、山西、陕西、内蒙古和新疆)全都处于财政亏空状态,它们当然都无法向中央财政贡献盈余,并且一定会高度依赖中央财政的转移支付。</span></p> <p style=" background:white"><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Feb/222018G3.jpg" width="640" height="1302" alt="" /><br /></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2016</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年,宁夏财政缺口规模</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">732</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿元,青海</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">1225</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿元,山西</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">1517</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿元,甘肃</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">1884</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿元,陕西</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">1962</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿元,内蒙</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2564</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿元,新疆</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">3162</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿元,合计</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">13046</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿元。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">仔细看数据会发现一些奇特的现象:</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2016</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年青海的国地税总收入为</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">298</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿元,一般预算支出为</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">1523</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿元,支出是收入的</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">5</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">倍,<strong>青海政府每花一块钱,中央财政就要补贴四块钱;从</strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2014</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年到</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2016</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年,陕西和新疆的国地税总收入连续两年在下降。</span></strong><strong></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:28.1pt;background:white"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">(</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">4</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">)、西南片区</span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">:西南片区六省市,重庆、西藏、云南、贵州、广西和四川,也全部处于财政净缺口状态。</span></p> <p style=" background:white"><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Feb/222018G4.jpg" width="640" height="859" alt="" /><br /></p> <p style="text-indent:28.1pt;background:white"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">从人均财政补贴来看,西藏遥遥领先。</span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2016</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年西藏的常住人口为</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">331</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">万,对比其</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">1397</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿的财政缺口(也就是中央财政补贴),意味着当年度西藏的人均财政为</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">42205</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">元。而</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2016</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">年度中国的城镇人口的人均收入为</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">33616</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">元。由此可见,中央扶持西藏发展的决心有多么大!其中</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">GDP</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">增速三连冠的重庆市,在花钱方面也习惯了大手大脚,导致财政刚性缺口也越拉越大,是四大直辖市里最需要中央补给的,要供养</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">14</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">个国家贫困县。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2016</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年,重庆的财政缺口</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">1222</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿,西藏</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">1397</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿,云南</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2229</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿,贵州</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2270</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿,广西</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2412</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿,四川</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">3542</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿,合计</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">13072</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿。与</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2014</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年的合计财政缺口规模</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">10020</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿相比,增幅</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">30%</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">。今年上半年的财政缺口合计</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">7040</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿,预计今年的总缺口将超过</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">1.5</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">万亿。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:28.1pt;background:white"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">(</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">5</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">)中部六省:</span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">中部片区</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">6</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">省,海南、安徽、江西、湖北、湖南与河南,基本上都是人口大省,当然也是财政缺口大省。</span></p> <p style=" background:white"><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Feb/222018G5.jpg" width="640" height="1123" alt="" /><br /></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">最南端的海南虽然地小人少,但财政缺口却一年上一个台阶,</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2014</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年是</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">200</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">多亿,</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2015</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年是</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">300</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">多亿,</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2016</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">年是</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">400</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">多亿,</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2017</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年预计会超过</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">500</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿。作为人口过亿的中部大省,<strong>河南的财政刚性缺口全国第一,预计今年会超过</strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">5000</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿元,和东北三省的总量相当。</span></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2016</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年,中部六省财政缺口合计</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">13325</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿,较</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2014</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年的合计财政缺口数</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">9074</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿,增幅</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">47%</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">。今年上半年的财政缺口</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">8008</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿,预计今年是要直奔</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">1.7</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">万亿而去了。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:28.1pt;background:white"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">(</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">6</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">)、中国</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">25</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">负省总结:</span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">中国这</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">25</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">个省市负数财政缺口数据汇总起来,将是一个很惊人的总数,数据如下:自</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2014</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年到</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2016</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">年,</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">25</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">省合计的财政缺口数从</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">31927</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿(人民币),上升到</span><a name="_Hlk505271457"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">48134</span></a><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿,增幅</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">51%</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">。而到</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2017</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">年上半年的财政缺口合计已经超过</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2.5</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">万亿,</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2017</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">年则要超过</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">5</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">万亿了,是中国全国财政收入的近一半。因此,我们现在必须要知道的是,剩下能够创造出财政盈余的</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">6</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">省一市:广东、江苏、浙江、福建、北京、上海和深圳(计划单列市),它们到底能挣多少钱。它们有没有能力,补上这</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">5</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">万亿的财政缺口?中国</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">25</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">个省市区财政负数近几年情况:</span></p> <p style=" background:white"><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Feb/222018G9.jpg" width="640" height="109" alt="" /><br /><!–[if gte vml 1]> <![endif]–></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:28.1pt;background:white"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">(</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">7</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">)、中国盈利六省一市</span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">我直接放出这六省一市的收支数据表好了:</span></p> <p style=" background:white"><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Feb/222018G7.jpg" width="510" height="981" alt="" /><br /></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2016</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年,福建的财政盈余</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">644</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿,深圳</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2851</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿,江苏</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">5178</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿,浙江</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">5441</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿,北京</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">6390</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿,上海</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">7748</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿,广东</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">9301</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿,合计起来,<strong>六省一市总共给中央财政带来了</strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">30373</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿的盈利。</span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">但必须意识到,这种贡献规模已经达到了极限了,从</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2014</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年到</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2016</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">年,六省一市合计的财政盈余幅度始终维持在</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">3</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">万亿左右。</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2017</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年上半年的合计盈余规模</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">1.7</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">万亿,考虑到下半年的财政支出更大,预计</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2017</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年这六省一市的财政盈余规模,也就是</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">3</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">万亿左右了。这样的数据,与财政缺口数据相对比,还真是一件令人感觉悲伤的事。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">(</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">7</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">)、</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:方正超粗黑简体;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">可怕的广东省县级顺德区</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">、</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;">可怕的顺德人:以不撸袖子、也不呐喊、更不高歌,胜过中国地方</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">25</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;">个省市区财政缺口、靠中央财政供养。在全国</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;">25</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;">各地方省级财政靠中央财政倒贴</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">48134</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">人民币</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;color:#3E3E3E;">维持发展生产中,</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">顺德区</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">GDP突破3000亿</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">。</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">据顺德区</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">区长彭聪恩向顺德区第十六届人民代表大会第二次会议</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">《顺德</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">2017年政府工作报告》</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">称:</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">2016年,全年实现地区生产总值2793.2亿元,增长8</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun; color:#333333;">.4 %;全社会固定资产投资764.9亿元,增长18.9%;地方一般公共预算收入201.8亿元,增长7.85%。</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun; color:#3E3E3E;">据顺德区数字显示:其</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#3E3E3E;">GDP大过吉林省GDP,也</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#3E3E3E">大</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#3E3E3E;">过中国西部大多数省区。顺德区这</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun; color:#3E3E3E;">3000亿GDP产值,令不少省区、地级市、县望而却步。顺德连续6年稳居中国百强区县第一名。顺德正在建设19个湿地公园,其中有1个省级湿地公园,9个市县级湿地公园,9个镇级湿地公园。顺德区是中国第一迈入&#8220;地铁时代&#8221;的县级区,<span style="letter-spacing:.4pt">顺德</span><span style="letter-spacing:.4pt">9条地铁线施工</span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#3E3E3E;letter-spacing:.4pt">正</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun; color:#3E3E3E;letter-spacing:.4pt;">如火如荼</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#3E3E3E;">,<span style="letter-spacing:.4pt">在</span></span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun; color:#3E3E3E;letter-spacing:.4pt;">2020年年前,</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#3E3E3E; letter-spacing:.4pt">顺德户籍人口</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#3E3E3E; letter-spacing:.4pt">134</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#3E3E3E;letter-spacing:.4pt">万、常驻人口</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#3E3E3E;letter-spacing:.4pt">2</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun; color:#3E3E3E;letter-spacing:.4pt;">5</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#3E3E3E;letter-spacing:.4pt">4</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#3E3E3E;letter-spacing:.4pt;">万</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#3E3E3E; letter-spacing:.4pt">,有</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#3E3E3E;letter-spacing:.4pt;">806平方公里面积的顺德区将第一个迈中国县级&#8220;地铁时代&#8221;</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;Times New Roman&quot;;Times New Roman&quot;;color:#333333">。</span></p> <p style=" background:white">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:方正超粗黑简体;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">中国城市两极分化:好的更强、弱的更趴下</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#404040;">2018年1月11日,在广州市人大十五届三次会议上,广州市市长温国辉向大会作政府工作报告。工作报告称:2017年,广州发展动能转换成效明显,预计全年地区生产总值达2.15万亿元。广州宣布2017年GDP总量突破2万亿元。这意味着,北京上海广州深圳4个一线中国特大城市的经济总量已全部进入2万亿时代。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun; color:#404040;">资料显示:上海和北京分别于</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#404040;">2012年和2014年实现GDP突破2万亿元。具体数据显示,2016年上海GDP为27466.15亿元,北京GDP为24899亿元。第三个突破2万亿GDP关口的是广东省深圳市。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun; color:#404040;">广东省统计局省的数据显示,</span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#404040;">2016年广东的GDP已达到了80854.91亿元,成为中国首个GDP突破8万亿元大关的省份。广东省统计局还同时公布了2016年各市GDP核算数据修订结果。深圳在修订后的GDP总量达到了20078.58亿元,首次超过了2万亿元大关。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:方正超粗黑简体;color:#404040;">这就是:这</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:方正超粗黑简体;color:#404040;">4大城市中的任何一个GDP都相当于新疆(7700)、甘肃(5700)、海南(3300)、宁夏(2500)、青海(2000)、西藏(1000)6省区之和,主要是中国西部面积广大,产出极低,成中国贫者更贫、富者更富的天壤之别。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 方正超粗黑简体; background: white;">中国居民新增贷存升至</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 方正超粗黑简体; background: white;">70%上下</span></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <p>&nbsp;</p> <p><img src="/EditBackyard/EditorData/Photo/2018/Feb/222018G8.jpg" width="658" height="391" alt="" /><br /></p> <div style="border:none;border-bottom:solid #E7E7EB 1.0pt;padding:0in 0in 8.0pt 0in"> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;border:none;padding:0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">从上表可知:中国居民新增存贷比的走势并不稳定,近几年的均值一直在</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">70%上下。不过从最近数据来看,居民新增存款有下降趋势,而新增贷款有上升趋势。这也侧面反映出,中国家庭的负债水平有持续走趋势(本段资料来自于来源苏宁金融研究院高级研究员黄志龙、付一夫,《中国人债务负担有多重》一文)。</span></p> </div> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white"><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:方正超粗黑简体;color:red;">[</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:26.0pt;font-family:方正超粗黑简体;quot;color:red;">O</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:方正超粗黑简体;color:red;">]</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">、中国财政债务盈亏解决之道</span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">:<strong>在这种近</strong></span><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">80%</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">省市区大面积负数情况之下能做出的最根源的选择,这就是中国各省市区地方政府各自大举债。</span></strong><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">只有两条出路:由省级政府发行地方政府债券,但中央政府限制非常严格,越是缺钱的省份、越不让发行地方债却发行越多;由中央政府发行国家公债,收到资金后再给地方政府输血,这就像老母亲四处借钱给穷孩子。然而中国必须明确知道的是:老母亲也是要吃饭的呀。军事外交开支,中央各部委的行政开支,国家级重点建设项目开支,这都是要钱的,而省级地方政府差距悬殊拉大。</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#3E3E3E;">据&#8220;中国发展网&#8221;</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun; color:#3E3E3E;">2017年9月29日《截至2016年末 中央和地方政府债务余额为27.33万亿元》一文披露:</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">到</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2016</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年中央政府本级预算内支出</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2.74</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">万亿,</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2017</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot; color:#3E3E3E;">年上半年</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">1.42</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">万亿,这笔钱也是节省不了多少的。因中国党政&#8220;双核心&#8221;、</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">7</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">级构架运行成本居高不下、高台巨大,要知道中央政府也没有更多的收入来源了(除了超发货币之外),除了六省一市的</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">3</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">万亿财政盈余必须上缴中央国库之外,另外的最大一笔收入就是央企上缴利润了,</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2016</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年利润上缴规模</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">5038</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">亿,合计起来,一年就有</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">3.5</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">万亿左右。</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2016</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">年,中央政府手里能动用的资金总量</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">3.5</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">万亿;它承担的财政支出规模则高达</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">7.54</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">万亿,其中维持自身运转的中央级支出</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">2.74</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">万亿,填补地方政府财政缺口</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">4.8</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">万亿。</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">7.54-3.5=4</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">万亿。这就中国中央党政与</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:&quot;&amp;quot&quot;,serif;color:#3E3E3E;">31</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt; font-family:SimSun;quot;quot;color:#3E3E3E;">个省市区党政目前切切实实的正负财政利差。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#3E3E3E;">根据中国社会科学院发布的《中国政府资产负债表</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun; color:#3E3E3E;">2017》,政府资产方面,2015年中国政府总资产超过125万亿元,与当年中国GDP的比值超过180%,表明中国政府掌握着规模巨大的资源。在政府负债方面,2010年至2015年,如果计入社保基金缺口的参考值,政府总负债从约40万亿元增至约70万亿元;如果不计入社保基金缺口的参考值,政府总负债从约30万亿元增至约60万亿元,5年间分别增长了约70%和约100%,负债规模增长较快。在政府净资产方面,2010年至2015年,若计入社保基金缺口的参考值,政府净资产规模的波动区间为40万亿元至50万亿元,与GDP的比值平均在80%以上。若不计入社保基金缺口的参考值,政府净资产的规模区间为50万亿元至60万亿元,与GDP的比值平均在100%左右,即大致与GDP持平。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;background:white"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#3E3E3E;">根据中国国家财政部长肖捷介绍:截至</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun; color:#3E3E3E;">2016年末,中央和地方政府债务余额为27.33万亿元,初步核算负债率为36.7%,低于欧盟60%的警戒线,也低于主要市场经济国家和新兴市场国家水平;地方政府债务余额15.32万亿元,债务率为80.5%,低于国际通行警戒标准。目前,中国中央政府的杠杆率远未达到欧盟的警戒线,意味着中国中央政府债务并不算太高。但值得关注的是中国地方政府债务高企,已经超过国际警戒线的80%,具有潜在&#8220;爆发性&#8221;的隐患。</span></p> <div style="border-top: none; border-right: none; border-left: none; border-image: initial; border-bottom: 1pt solid #e7e7eb; padding: 0in 0in 8pt;"> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;border:none;padding:0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">中国有近</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">340多个地级市、地区、州、盟,2800多个县、市辖区、旗,4万多个乡级镇(中国是7级党、政&#8220;双构架&#8221;:1)党中央国务院,2)正省级市区,3)副省级市州,4)地、市级行政区,5)县级区、镇、旗,6)乡级镇、区、街道,7)最底层村民委员会)。根据2016年11月15日&#8220;中国经济网&#8221;《地方债中央不兜底 地方政府债务率89.2% 中国政府债务率38.9%》一文披露:中国债务存在中央与地方参差悬殊的大风险:中国政府债务率38.9%,地方政府债务率89.2%。此报告截至数据是2016年末,但2016、2017中国中央与地方债务将双双突进&#8230;&#8230;中国至今,是一个不善于举债来发展自己的国度。</span><strong></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:28.1pt;border:none;padding:0in;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">中国财政供养人员分为三大部分:一是政府机关人员,</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">包括国家机关人员、政党机关人员和社会团体机关人员;</span><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">二是事业单位人员,</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">包括教育、医疗卫生、科研、文化等公立部门人员;三是包括中国总工会、作家协会、工业协会、各协会、各民主党派、各级妇联、各级共青团、各级体育、文艺协会等等都要靠国家及地方财政负担。</span><strong></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;border:none;padding:0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">据中国国家财政部在</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">2012</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">年出版的最新的《</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">2009</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">年地方财政统计资料》中披露数据显示,到</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">2009</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">年年底,全国不包括中央的地方财政供养人口为</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">5392.6</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">万人。这些都是有公务员编制或者事业单位编制的体制内人员。除此之外,中国还存在大量的准财政供养人员,包括现有</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">60</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">余万个村委会以及</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">8 </span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">万余个居委会</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">&#8212;&#8212;</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">两者总人数约为</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">275</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">万人。加上这部分准财政供养人口,到</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">2009</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">年年底,中国财政实际供养人数超过</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">5700</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">万人</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;">&#8230;&#8230;</span><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">到</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;, serif;">2012</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">年,中国财政供养人口已超过</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;&amp;quot&quot;, serif;">6000</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">万之巨!</span></strong><strong></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:28.1pt;border:none;padding:0in;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimHei;">这只是中国党、政&#8220;双核心&#8221;</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimHei;">7级构架的一半,而中国各级党组织却从来没有公布过从国家级和地方财政开支所供给所有公开数字、没有在阳光下算过任何一笔账。这个天文数字何时、有见阳光的那一天吗?</span></strong><strong></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;border:none;padding:0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">美国治理全球第一次金融海啸爆发的教训告诉人类:由国家大举国债来聚力治理、扑灭全球第一次金融海啸起到了砥柱中流巨大作用,用国家之力大举债务,由整个国家来扛,要比地方政府的力量大得多。中国与美国债务情况正好相反:美国是国家债务庞大,地方债务渺小;而中国是地方债务庞大,中央政府债务渺小。致中国省级地方经济发展能力悬殊巨大,不能用举国之力平衡解决地方同步发展向前。</span><strong></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;border:none;padding:0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">全球最强大美国,截至</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">2016</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">年</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">9</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">月</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">30</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">日,美国政府持有的资产约为</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">3.5</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">万亿美元,实际负债为</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">22.8</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">万亿美元。在建国</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">242</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">年美国历史上,只有</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">4</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">任总统财政盈余。到</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">2017</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">年末,美国一年</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">GDP</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">约</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">18</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">万亿美元左右,可美国就是在</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: &quot;Microsoft YaHei&quot;, sans-serif;">200</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">多年里用人家的钱、长期大规模举债才成为发展壮大起来的最发达国家&#8212;&#8212;成为唯一一个超级大国。</span> </p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;border:none;padding:0in;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-indent:26.0pt;border:none;padding:0in;"><span style="font-size:26.0pt;font-family:方正超粗黑简体;color:red;">结尾</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#3E3E3E;">:中央政府及地方债务</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun; color:#3E3E3E;">2017情况:</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;border:none;padding:0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 方正超粗黑简体;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 方正超粗黑简体;">1)、中国财政部公布政府财政债务</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">&nbsp; 发行对象不同可以分为内债和外债;发行凭证不同可以分为凭证式国债和记账式国债。根据《关于2016年中央决算的报告》,2016年,中央财政发行国债30869.32亿元,其中内债30545.41亿元,外债323.91亿元。中国中央发行内债中,储蓄国债3182.64亿元,平均发行期限为4年;记账式国债27362.77亿元,平均发行期限为6.55年。2016年国债还本17415.62亿元,其中内债17201.65亿元,外债213.97亿元。年末国债余额为120066.75亿元(中国一年财政收入约11万亿人民币),包括内债余额118811.24亿元和外债余额1255.51亿元。<a name="4065995671305814"></a></span></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;border:none;padding:0in;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 方正超粗黑简体;">(</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 方正超粗黑简体;">2)、银行债务</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimHei;">&nbsp; 2017年1月20</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimHei;">日,中国人民银行对外公开发布各级政府负债表,截至</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimHei;">2016年年底,中国总债务244万亿元人民币,另外还有至少1.5万亿美元外债。也就是说,截至2016年年底,中国合计的债务保守估计是255万亿人民币。而2016年中国的GDP为72.4万亿,这意味着中国的负债率为GDP的342.7%。</span></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;border:none;padding:0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 方正超粗黑简体;">(</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 方正超粗黑简体;">3)、</span><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 方正超粗黑简体;">中国企业债务 </span></strong><strong>&nbsp;</strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimHei;">2017年12月20日,中国国家财政部最近发布《报告》称,截止11月末,国有企业负债总额首次突破百万亿关口,达到100.08万亿元。而2017年,中国GDP总额约80万亿人民币。</span></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;border:none;padding:0in;"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 方正超粗黑简体;">(</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 方正超粗黑简体;">4)</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 方正超粗黑简体;">、特别值得人类历史关注的是:自</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 方正超粗黑简体;">1949年中华人民共和国成立至今,中国共产党序列的国家财政开支或债务,严重残缺、断档,从来也没有在阳光下坦露过,不管是财富堆积或是债务亏空都可能是人类至今的天文数字,这一人类最大的秘密和财政数字,何时才能与日月同辉的见诸与世界?</span></strong><strong></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;border:none;padding:0in;"><a name="_Hlk504603198"><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 方正超粗黑简体;">(</span></strong></a><strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 方正超粗黑简体;">5)、</span></strong><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 方正超粗黑简体;">中国地方政府债务</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">&nbsp; 中国地方政府存量债务主要由地方政府债券、融资平台贷款、信托委托贷款等非标业务、城投债券等组成。在中国城市化进程中,省级地方政府往往要承担大部分公共设施的建设职责,因而具有强烈的举债投资需求。在当时投融资体制下,金融资源的控制权集中于中央政府,地方政府无法通过发行地方政府债券进行融资。于是,地方政府创新融资模式,通过划拨土地、股权等资产,组建城投公司,建立地方政府融资平台为基础设施建设进行融资。在2008年全球性金融危机爆发后,地方政府融资平台的债务规模迅速扩大。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28.0pt;border:none;padding:0in;"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">从</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: SimSun;">2008年初至2013年,中国省级地方政府融资平台的债务体量从不足5万亿元急剧增到18万亿元。根据中国国家审计署2013年6月末的审计结果,地方政府负有偿还责任的债务共计10.89万亿元,其中融资平台债务4.08万亿元,占比37.47%;地方政府或有债务共计7.01万亿元(负有担保责任的债务2.67万亿元,可能承担一定救助责任的债务4.34万亿元),其中,融资平台债务2.89万亿元,占比41.22%。国家审计署统计了全国7170家地方政府融资平台公司,其中有4.08万亿元的债务被纳入地方政府债务,而根据万德资讯数据统计的1451家发债平台,有2013年末的有息债务就超过30万亿元。</span></p><div>&nbsp;</div> <p style="text-indent:84.0pt;border:none;padding:0in;"><em><strong><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 方正美黑简体;">(作者系国家发改委《财经界》专家学术委员会秘书长,中国金融智库研究员)</span></strong><strong></strong></em></p> </div>