<div></div><div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">多年来，中国一直在南海一片有争议的岛屿上修建<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/07/30/world/asia/what-china-has-been-building-in-the-south-china-sea-2016.html" title="Link: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/07/30/world/asia/what-china-has-been-building-in-the-south-china-sea-2016.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">军事前哨基地</a>。这个项目导致中国与很多邻国和美国不和。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">先是疏浚。船只把海底的沉积物吸起来，并用泵将其输送到原来未开发的礁石上面。然后是建筑。它们一度被说成是用于民用目的，但分析人士现在认为，这些建筑是小型军事设施。接着很快便是国际社会的骚动。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">但<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/07/30/world/asia/what-china-has-been-building-in-the-south-china-sea.html" title="Link: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/07/30/world/asia/what-china-has-been-building-in-the-south-china-sea.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">建造行动仍在继续</a>。中国对这片名为斯普拉特利群岛（Spratlys，亦称南沙群岛——译注）的大规模开发始于2013年。现在，部分岛屿已经从<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/14/world/asia/chinas-island-building-is-ruining-coral-reefs-philippines-says.html" title="Link: https://www.nytimes.com/2015/04/14/world/asia/chinas-island-building-is-ruining-coral-reefs-philippines-says.html" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">荒凉的礁石</a>变成了军事前哨基地。在新公布的一系列照片中，它们首次详细地呈现在世人面前。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.inquirer.net/specials/exclusive-china-militarization-south-china-sea" title="Link: http://www.inquirer.net/specials/exclusive-china-militarization-south-china-sea" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">《菲律宾每日问询者报》</a>(The Philippine Daily Inquirer)从未具名来源获取的这些照片，提供了迄今为止有关其建筑规模和军事开发本质最清晰的视角。</p><figure style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 2rem -0.9375rem; width: auto; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; float: none; margin: 0px;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/07/world/asia/SouthChinaSea-slide-DMIS/SouthChinaSea-slide-DMIS-master1050.jpg" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/07/world/asia/SouthChinaSea-slide-DMIS/SouthChinaSea-slide-DMIS-master1050.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; height: auto;" alt="" /></div><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1em; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><cite style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.6875rem; color: #666666; text-transform: uppercase; font-style: normal;">PHILIPPINE DAILY INQUIRER</cite></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">五角大楼和菲律宾军方均拒绝就此发表评论。《纽约时报》无法独立核实这些图片。公布的注释显示它们摄于2016年6月至2017年12月期间。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">但监测南海发展动向的专家说，照片拍摄的是有争议的岛屿，与他们多年来一直在监测的发展动态卫星图片相符。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">华盛顿国际战略研究中心<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://amti.csis.org/island-tracker/chinese-occupied-features/" title="Link: https://amti.csis.org/island-tracker/chinese-occupied-features/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">亚洲海事透明度倡议</a>(Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative at the Center for Strategic and International Studies)助理研究员康纳·克罗宁(Conor Cronin)说，新公布的照片中建筑的规模和他所在团队定期评估的该地区照片中的建筑一样。该倡议对一个长期迷雾笼罩的地区的发展动向进行着监测。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">他说，这些照片的惊人之处在于，外界首次得以看到重要的表面细节。</p><figure style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 2rem -0.9375rem; width: auto; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; float: none; margin: 0px;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/07/world/asia/SouthChinaSea-slide-5E5Z/SouthChinaSea-slide-5E5Z-master1050.jpg" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/07/world/asia/SouthChinaSea-slide-5E5Z/SouthChinaSea-slide-5E5Z-master1050.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; height: auto;" alt="" /></div><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1em; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><cite style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.6875rem; color: #666666; text-transform: uppercase; font-style: normal;">PHILIPPINE DAILY INQUIRER</cite></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">“这是罕见的能公开看到的照片，”克罗宁说，并指出这些从比卫星近得多的角度拍摄到的细节照片具有丰富的洞察力。“这再次表明这些设施多么完善和它们将具备的能力。”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">斯普拉特利群岛的发展动向<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://cn.nytimes.com/china/20160715/south-china-sea-dispute-arbitration-explained/" title="Link: http://cn.nytimes.com/china/20160715/south-china-sea-dispute-arbitration-explained/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">引起了邻国的愤怒</a>。它们也对南海的这部分海域提出了主权主张。菲律宾、台湾、越南和马来西亚均不同程度地声称拥有该地区的部分海域。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">尽管随着中国与其他国家就该地区的行为准则协议进行谈判（该协议似乎是在不解决根本的主权争端的情况下进行经济开发），令紧张局势有所缓和，但保持不减的修建步伐可能会引发新的紧张局势。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">国际战略研究中心的亚洲事务高级顾问葛来仪(Bonnie S. Glaser)称，这些照片提供了一个独特的视角。她说她认为，尤其是考虑到照片上的注释，它们极有可能是军用飞机拍摄的。</p><figure style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 2rem -0.9375rem; width: auto; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; float: none; margin: 0px;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/07/world/asia/SouthChinaSea-slide-9CT9/SouthChinaSea-slide-9CT9-master1050.jpg" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/07/world/asia/SouthChinaSea-slide-9CT9/SouthChinaSea-slide-9CT9-master1050.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; height: auto;" alt="" /></div><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1em; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><cite style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.6875rem; color: #666666; text-transform: uppercase; font-style: normal;">PHILIPPINE DAILY INQUIRER</cite></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">“真正令人相当震惊的是，在这些航拍照片中可以多么清楚地看到已经修建了多少设施，”葛来仪说。“真的是近距离、事无巨细的。”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">亚洲海事透明度倡议最近的一项评估显示，仅在2017年，中国在南海开发的地上和地下面积就高达<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://amti.csis.org/constructive-year-chinese-building/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">72英亩</a>（约合0.3平方公里）。自2013年开工以来，中国在该地区的开发面积超过3200英亩（约合12.9平方公里）。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">最近，中国把注意力从疏浚和填海造地转移到了建设飞机跑道、雷达和通信设施及机库上。</p><figure style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 2rem -0.9375rem; width: auto; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; float: none; margin: 0px;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/07/world/asia/SouthChinaSea-slide-0FXQ/SouthChinaSea-slide-0FXQ-master1050.jpg" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/07/world/asia/SouthChinaSea-slide-0FXQ/SouthChinaSea-slide-0FXQ-master1050.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; height: auto;" alt="" /></div><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1em; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><cite style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.6875rem; color: #666666; text-transform: uppercase; font-style: normal;">PHILIPPINE DAILY INQUIRER</cite></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">在曾经大部分在水下的美济礁(Mischief Reef)上，中国已经开发出了1379英亩（约合5.6平方公里）的土地。据称，该岛的最新照片上显示有一条近两英里（约合3.2公里）长的跑道和混凝土建筑。分析人士说，中国军用飞机开始在那里着陆只是时间问题。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">“他们会开始从这些跑道上起飞执行任务，而且我相信，他们还会开始真的把飞机停放在这些经过加固的掩体里，至少是短期停放，”葛来仪说。“他们修建它们就是为了这个目的。”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">中国国防部周三<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-02/07/c_136956783.htm" title="Link: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2018-02/07/c_136956783.htm" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">宣布</a>将在南海进行战斗机训练演习，但并没有说明是否有飞机飞往相关岛屿。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">美济礁在菲律宾叫庞阿尼班礁(Panganiban)，距离菲律宾海岸<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20160711/south-china-sea-philippines-hague/" title="Link: http://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20160711/south-china-sea-philippines-hague/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">约140英里</a>（约合225公里）。<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20160712/cc12chinasea/" title="Link: http://cn.nytimes.com/asia-pacific/20160712/cc12chinasea/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">海牙的一个国际法庭</a>裁定它属于菲律宾领海。</p><figure style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 2rem -0.9375rem; width: auto; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; float: none; margin: 0px;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/07/world/asia/SouthChinaSea-slide-GAVB/SouthChinaSea-slide-GAVB-master1050.jpg" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/07/world/asia/SouthChinaSea-slide-GAVB/SouthChinaSea-slide-GAVB-master1050.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; height: auto;" alt="" /></div><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1em; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><cite style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.6875rem; color: #666666; text-transform: uppercase; font-style: normal;">PHILIPPINE DAILY INQUIRER</cite></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">但裁决并没有阻止中国的步伐。</p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; border: none; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 35.625rem; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333;">亚洲海事透明度倡议在最近对该岛的<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://amti.csis.org/constructive-year-chinese-building/" title="Link: https://amti.csis.org/constructive-year-chinese-building/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">评估</a>中表示，美济礁上的建筑占地17英亩（约合6.9万平方米）。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333;">“包括用于存放弹药和其他物资的地下储存空间，已竣工的机库和导弹掩体，以及新的雷达和通信阵列，”该组织写道。</p><figure style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 2rem -0.9375rem; width: auto; padding: 0px; border: none;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; float: none; margin: 0px;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/07/world/asia/SouthChinaSea-slide-JH7X/SouthChinaSea-slide-JH7X-master1050.jpg" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/07/world/asia/SouthChinaSea-slide-JH7X/SouthChinaSea-slide-JH7X-master1050.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; height: auto;" alt="" /></div><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1em; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><cite style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.6875rem; color: #666666; text-transform: uppercase; font-style: normal;">PHILIPPINE DAILY INQUIRER</cite></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333;">航拍照片中的类似细节也指向了同样的结论。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333;">尽管与由10个国家组成的东南亚国家联盟(Association of South East Asian Nations)就南海开发行为准则进行的谈判陷入了停滞，但中国的开发仍在继续。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333;">“它们要花很长时间才能达成协议，但中国没有放慢扩大这些基地的速度，”克罗宁说。“他们仍在迅速行动。”</p></section><footer style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: 1px solid #dddddd; padding-top: 0.5rem; width: 570px; max-width: 35.625rem; margin: 0px auto; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999; font-size: 0.8125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;">欢迎在Twitter上关注本文作者<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Megan Specia <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/meganspecia" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none; font-size: 0.8125rem;">@meganspecia </a></span>和<span style="box-sizing: border-box;">Mikko </span></p></footer> </div>