<div></div><div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">中国有一个新的官方政治教条。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">这个教条被称为<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20171025/china-xi-jinping-constitution/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">习近平思想</a>，它无所不在。学校、报纸、电视、互联网、广告牌和横幅都在宣扬国家主席、共产党总书记习近平的思想。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">这个意识形态的官方全称是“习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想”，不久将被赋予更重要的政纲地位：它将进入中国宪法的序言。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">简而言之，这个教条是在国家、党和习近平本人这三个层次上巩固和加强权力的蓝图。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">以下是了解未来10年或更长时间里指导中国的思想的指南。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">国家层次：让中国再次伟大</span></p><figure style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 2rem -0.9375rem; width: auto; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; float: none; margin: 0px;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/27/world/27xithought-2/27xithought-1-master1050.jpg" alt="作为他把中国塑造为世界超级大国的计划的一部分，习近平试图把中国的军队现代化。" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/27/world/27xithought-2/27xithought-1-master1050.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; height: auto;" /></div><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1em; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.8125rem; color: #666666;">作为他把中国塑造为世界超级大国的计划的一部分，习近平试图把中国的军队现代化。</span> <cite style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.6875rem; color: #666666; text-transform: uppercase; font-style: normal;">LI TAO/XINHUA, VIA ASSOCIATED PRESS</cite></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">自从习近平在2012年担任中共中央总书记以来，他一直誓言要实现中华民族“伟大复兴”，让中国恢复其古代的卓越和辉煌。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">近几十年来，中国已成为世界第二大经济体，在全球贸易和投资上都很强大。习近平思想要推动迈出下一步，让中国不仅繁荣，而且在政治上强大。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">“我们比历史上任何时期都更接近伟大复兴的中国梦，”这是习近平经常被引用的话。没有直接言明的，是中国正在实力和影响力上接近美国、进入世界强国之列的梦想。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">为了保持中国在全球的崛起，习近平正在<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/china/20171011/xi-jinping-military-china-purge/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">对中国军队进行现代化建设</a>，并在“<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="https://cn.nytimes.com/business/20170515/china-railway-one-belt-one-road-1-trillion-plan/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">一带一路</a>”这个国际贸易倡议上大力投资一万亿美元。在习近平的领导下，中国扩大了本国军队的规模和能力，清除了腐败官员，并在南中国海有争议的水域建立了军事设施。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">党的层次：中国最好的（且唯一的）选择</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"></p><div data-poster="jpg" data-mp4="https://int.nyt.com/data/videotape/finished/2018/02/1519635021/china-xi-allegiance-720w.mp4" data-webm="https://int.nyt.com/data/videotape/finished/2018/02/1519635021/china-xi-allegiance-720w.webm" id="vhs-player-0" tabindex="-1" style="box-sizing: border-box; text-rendering: optimizeLegibility; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; outline: 0px; position: relative; background: #000000; z-index: 10; cursor: none; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; padding-bottom: 320.625px; height: 0px; overflow: hidden; width: 570px;"><video preload="auto" x-webkit-airplay="allow" loop="loop" id="video_1519749696306" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block; vertical-align: baseline; height: 320.625px; width: 570px; position: absolute; top: 0px; left: 0px;"></video></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">习近平让中国成为强大的、受到高度尊重的世界大国的民族主义思想，在许多中国人中有共鸣。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">但在民族辉煌的承诺中有一个名堂：一党专政。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">习近平思想把中国共产党至高无上的地位推销给越来越多酷爱消费的人、互联网用户、周游世界者们——这些群体与被认为是共产主义革命灵魂的工人和农民相比，有着本质的不同。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">习近平的哲学告诉人们，只有在共产党牢牢控制中国的情况下，才能实现中国强大、统一的目标。他说，党是解决中国问题的方法，而不是问题的来源。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">在中国，强调一党专政的重要性并不新鲜。但习近平已采取声势浩大的措施，让共产党更强有力地控制商业、新闻媒体、互联网、文化和教育。党的影响力渗透到社会的每个角落——甚至进入了说唱歌曲。</p><figure style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 2rem -0.9375rem; width: auto; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; float: none; margin: 0px;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/27/world/asia/27xithought-democract/27xithought-democract-jumbo.png" alt="党媒《环球时报》的一幅政治漫画。这幅画搭配的文章是“民主，西方霸权的工具”。" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/27/world/asia/27xithought-democract/27xithought-democract-jumbo.png" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; height: auto;" /></div><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1em; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.8125rem; color: #666666;">党媒《环球时报》的一幅政治漫画。这幅画搭配的文章是“民主，西方霸权的工具”。</span> <cite style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.6875rem; color: #666666; text-transform: uppercase; font-style: normal;">THE GLOBAL TIMES</cite></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">官方新闻媒体经常指出西方民主国家的腐败和缺点。党要传递的信息是：“当可供选择的是混乱和腐败时，为什么要质疑共产党呢？”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;">个人层次：全国人民的家长</span></p><figure style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 2rem -0.9375rem; width: auto; padding: 0px; border: none; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><div style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; float: none; margin: 0px;"><img src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/27/world/27xithought-3/27xithought-3-master1050.jpg" alt="共产党的政治宣传把习近平不仅和毛泽东，还和孔子联系在了一起。" data-src="https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/02/27/world/27xithought-3/27xithought-3-master1050.jpg" style="box-sizing: border-box; width: 600px; height: auto;" /></div><figcaption style="box-sizing: border-box; padding-left: 0.9375rem; line-height: 1em; font-family: Helvetica, Arial, Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.8125rem; color: #666666;">共产党的政治宣传把习近平不仅和毛泽东，还和孔子联系在了一起。</span> <cite style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline; margin: 0px 0px 0.125rem; font-size: 0.6875rem; color: #666666; text-transform: uppercase; font-style: normal;">GREG BAKER/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES</cite></figcaption></figure><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">习近平思想的第三个部分是习近平本人。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">这个教条的核心内容是，为了让中国继续其全球崛起，为了维护党的统治，需要一个果断的领导人来掌舵。这个掌舵人就是习近平。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">习近平思想在中国共产党本周宣布将废除国家主席任期限制上得到体现，这个做法将让习近平继续掌权，可能是无限期的。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">在宣传中，习近平被称为“领袖”。这是中文<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="http://chinamediaproject.org/2018/01/20/declarations-for-chinas-new-lingxiu/" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #004276; text-decoration-line: none;">对领导人的尊称</a>，曾被用在毛泽东身上。在官方树立的形象中，习近平被描绘为一位担负着历史使命的、有远见的领导人——勇敢、英明、果断。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">习近平思想仍尊崇毛泽东和卡尔·马克思(Karl Marx)的学说，但这个教条也把习近平与更古老的中国传统联系起来，尤其是儒家思想。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">毛泽东曾说，他要打破儒家思想对中国的束缚，点燃革命的星星之火。但习近平则经常引用孔子和其他古代圣贤的话，尤其是他们对服从和秩序的教导，宣扬共产党是5000年文明的维系者的观念。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif;">中共的宣传甚至把习近平比做儒家学说中的一家之长，他管理国家就像管理自己的家庭一样。</p><section style="box-sizing: border-box; border: none; padding-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; max-width: 35.625rem; font-family: Georgia, "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: 1.875em; margin-bottom: 1.75rem; color: #333333;">所有儒家的好孩子都必须孝敬家长。</p></section><footer style="box-sizing: border-box; border-top: 1px solid #dddddd; padding-top: 0.5rem; width: 570px; max-width: 35.625rem; margin: 0px auto; font-family: "PingFang SC", "Heiti SC", "Microsoft Yahei", simsun, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999; font-size: 0.8125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;">储百亮(Chris Buckley)是《纽约时报》驻京记者。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #999999; font-size: 0.8125rem; line-height: 1.5rem;">翻译：Cindy Hao</p></footer> </div>